fired over the heads of their comrades, and they became more and more disordered every moment. Their desperate situation was at once perceived by the duke, who ordered the charge. Lord Saltoun, who had previously joined from Hougomont, called out: Now's the time, my boys!' Our guards and Halkett's left advanced with a loud cheer to the charge, the latter upon the above-mentioned column, which had continued pressing towards them, and had halted and fired a volley, to which Halkett replied, and then charged. Many of the enemy now threw down their arms and dispersed; and the column appeared to be rent asunder."

The battle was now decided, and it remained only for the Prussians to pursue the retreating French.

The

The number of men engaged in the Battle of Waterloo is often a subject of discussion, and the accounts given on the spot are generally incorrect. The zealous patriot sees with a magnifying glass the force opposed to his countrymen,-feeling, if he does not confess, that to exaggerate the power of the enemy is to heighten the glory of a victory, or palliate the disgrace of a defeat. Both sides have played with figures until the question of the comparative forces on the 18th of June seems to many a riddle beyond solution. truth stands thus :-Total strength of the English and their Allies in the field during the campaign-Infantry, 82,062; cavalry, 14,482; artillery, 8166; engineers and waggon train, 1240: total, 105,950. This number being engaged in the operations of the war, is the number stated by the French to have been present when Napoleon was defeated. Not so. The total strength of the English and their Allies on the 18th of June, was-Infantry, 49,608; cavalry, 12,402; artillery, 5645: total, 67,655, with 156 pieces of artillery. The French troops opposed to this force were only a part of the army which Napoleon then had in the campaign, and amounted to 71,947 men, with 246 pieces of ordnance. The infantry numbered 48,950; the cavalry, 15,765; the artillery, 7232. Thus Napoleon had the best array of cavalry and guns; Wellington the best body of infantry. About ten thousand of these were left to fatten the field of Waterloo.

WIESBADEN.

Hotels: Dieringer; Taunus Hotel; London Hotel; all near the railway station. Vier Jahreszeiten; Adler; Schützenhof; and Rose. The last four are at the same time bath-houses. The Grunewald and Emborn are good second-class houses.

Wiesbaden lies at the base of the range of hills which commences below Hamburgh, follows the course of the Maine, and then winds round at Wiesbaden, and is continued, by way of Schlangenbad, to

the Lahn. It has a population of 14,000, 3000 of whom are Catholics. Within the last twenty-five years, entire streets of fine houses have been built, and villas in considerable number have multiplied near the Kursaal. The two principal public springs are the Kochbrunnen, surrounded by a number of highly convenient bath-houses, and the Europäischen Hof: the Romeshod; Weissen Rose; Weissen Schwanen, &c; and that in the garden of the Adler Hotel. There are altogether fourteen springs, not greatly differing from one another in temperature, and perhaps all derived from a common un perceived source. The neat stone houses which compose the principal streets contain all classes of private lodgings for strangers. The greater number of the large hotels are in the neighbourhood of each other in the more confined part of the town, the baths being naturally crowded round the principal hot spring. This, the Kochbrunnen, has a temperature of 150° Fahrenheit, which it maintains throughout the year. It rises in a small court, and is surrounded by a wall, except at a spot where steps lead down to the brink of the water. Approaching the enclosure, one perceives a cloud of vapour rising from the surface as from a kettle, a phenomenon from which the spring takes its name, which is equivalent to " boiling spring." The waters are drunk between five and eight A.M., a person dipping and filling the glasses of visitors at a small charge. The water has a very peculiar taste, and has been compared by Dr. Granville to weak chicken-broth.

The spring at the Adler, an establishment of immense size, is somewhat lower in temperature than the Kochbrunnen. The lower floor, a large wing of this building, is occupied entirely with bathing closets. The Schützenhof possesses a spring enclosed in a vault constructed by the Romans, and surrounded by the remains of Roman baths. Other private bath-houses have already been named. The Wiesbaden ranks next to Baden-Baden as a fashionable watering place; the number of its guests reached 30,000 in 1847, and about 500 strangers reside here throughout the winter.

On coming from the railway station the stranger crosses the handsome new Rheinstrasse and enters the shady grove of the long Wilhelmstrasse, in which stands, where the Frankfort road divides, the grand ducal palace, the so-called Schlosschen, with its library, museum of antiquities, objects of natural history, and paintings. Proceeding down the street, we come to the Thrasenplatz, enclosed on three sides by the Hotel Zais; the Vier Jahreszeiten ; the Nassauer Hof, and the Thiabere. The fourth side of the square is formed by the Kursaal, its portico supported by six Ionic columns, and connected on the right hand and left with a colonnade, which leads to the pavilions in the two wings. The halls in the interior are fitted up as bazaars, and the display of costly articles is very extensive. The Kursaal is the great meeting-place

of visitors. On its side walls are niches containing ornamental statues of Carrara marble. The galleries are supported by thirtytwo Corinthian pillars. The Saal is 130 feet long, sixty feet broad. To see it to advantage one should go on Wednesday, about eight in the evening, when the ball has been opened an hour, and its mirrors, furniture, and candelabra, are set off by a fashionable company. On both sides of the Saal are reading, dancing, refreshment, and gambling rooms. The sums lost here amount to 275,000 florins per annum upon an average. The gardens behind the Kursaal are prettily laid out, and, after the business of the dinner-table has been despatched, are filled with a multitude who come here to drink their coffee, and, on Sundays and Wednesdays, listen to the music of a band.

The other principal buildings in Wiesbaden are, the new ducal Schloss, the new palace of the widowed duchess, the ministerial offices, and the infantry and artillery barracks. The new Catholic church, recently erected by Hoffmann, is a structure of great beauty. The new gardens of the Kursaal invite to a very pleasant walk, which may be continued along the Wiesen valley as far as the old castle ruins of Sonnenberg, which are within half an hour's reach. Close to the town rises the new Geisberg, with pretty garden walks, for the old Geisberg, higher up, is the model agricultural institution. On the Newberge, which commands a beautiful prospect over hill and dale, is the vault of the late Duchess Elizabeth, daughter of the Czar Nicolas, surmounted with a Greek chapel.

WORMS.

[Hotels Rheinischer Hof, at the landing-place of the steamboat; Schwan, near the Post-office; Weisser Rose.]

Worms, one of the oldest, and formerly one of the most famous, cities in Germany, lies about a mile from the Rhine, which once flowed under its walls on the left bank, between Strasburg and Mainz. Pure German tribes, the Nemetes, Tribocci, and Vaugiones, were settled here in Cæsar's time. The chief city of the Tribocci was Borbetomagus, in the middle ages shortened to Wormatia, and subsequently diminished to Worms. The Burgundian conquerors of the Rhineland, the Frankish kings, and afterwards Charlemagne, often resided here. Here, in 772, the war against the Saxons was determined; here the May assemblies were often held; here the concordat between Henry V. and Pope Calixtus II., by which was terminated the long strife of church and state about investiture; here, in 1495, Maximilian abolished the right of private warfare; and lastly, here, in 1521, Luther boldly made his appearance before Charles V. and the Diet. In the year 1255, Worms entered with

so many Rhine cities into the famous league, which was to curb the barons and protect commerce along the river. At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War it had a population of 40,000, now diminished to 8000. It was an imperial city, and embraced the cause of the Reformation. The Swedish colonel, Hanbold, demolished the suburbs in 1632, in order better to defend the city itself. The French, however, in 1689, surpassed all preceding conquerors in the barbarous treatment of the city. It was announced by the Duke of Crequi and Melac, commanders of Louis XIV.'s forces, that on a given day, the whole city, with the exception only of the cathedral, would be burned. Many of the inhabitants carried their most valuable possessions to the cathedral, and thus was formed to the enemy's hands a priceless collection, which he had only to take and carry away. On the 31st of May, 1689, at four in the afternoon, a cannon-shot gave the signal to the incendiaries, and by the next morning, the whole city was a heap of ruins. The cathedral walls still bear traces of the crime.

Owing to these events, the cathedral includes almost all that can be an object of antiquarian interest in Worms, which has much the aspect of a large village. The dome has two choirs and four high towers, and was consecrated in 1016, in the presence of Henry II. It belongs, architecturally, to that round-arched style of construction which seems to belong peculiarly to the Rhine country, and is one of its fairest examples. Strange animal forms, odd human visages, and symbols bequeathed by conquered heathendom, confront the spectator from the east choir, and on the northern side of the church. The southern portal has a pointed arch, richly adorned with sculptured stone: the tympanum contains the figure of a virgin sitting on an animal, whose four various heads, those of the ox, the lion, the eagle, and man, are supposed to typify the attributes of the four evangelists. The interior of the church is without embellishment; it is 470 feet in length, and 110 feet in breadth. The chapels about the edifice contain some pictures and sculptures of no great merit.

The square, planted with trees in front of the cathedral, is the place where Brunhilde and Chriemhilde, the heroines of the Niebelungenlied, the great epic of ancient Germany, quarrelled, and so, as the poem says—

"Von zweier vrouwen bägen wart vil maine helt verlorn."
"By the strife of two women were full many heroes lost."

On the north side of the dom is seen the lower part of the former episcopal palace, called Bischofshof. In this building the Diet was held, April, 1521, at which Luther defended his principles before the emperor, the six electors, and an assembly of powerful barons, declaring finally-"Here I stand; I cannot do otherwise; God help

me! Amen." An erroneous legend lays the scene of this event in the former rathhaus, which stood on a site now occupied by the Dreifaltigkeitskirche. A faded fresco in this church, exhibiting Luther before the Diet, has neither historic nor artistic value. During his fourteen days' stay in Worms, the great reformer resided at the Johanniterhof, near the Swan.

THE SYNAGOGUE, NEAR THE MAINZER.-This is an interesting, but by no means a sightly building. The Jewish community at Worms is one of the oldest in Germany, and is said to have been founded immediately after the destruction of the first temple by the Babylonians, 588 years before the birth of the Saviour! However this may be, it appears pretty certain that Jews dwelt here before the Christian era. Worms was always regarded by them as a kind of German Jerusalem. The Emperor Ferdinand I. gave the Jews of Worms many privileges and immunities, and commanded that their chief rabbi should take precedence of all others in Germany. The proverb, "Worms Jew, good Jew," is current all over the continent; and the Wandering Jew is said to have been a native of this city.

The Liebfrauenkirche stood about 100 paces from the Mainzer. This is the only remains of the many suburbs destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. It was built by the council and burgesses of Worms, in the fifteenth century. The keystone of its front arch is engraved with the arms of all the guilds. Upon the hill on which the church is built grows a well-known rose, the Liebfraunields, which probably owes its reputation rather to its name than its merit.

Formerly the Rhine flowed round an aue, or island, opposite Worms. The ground still bears its ancient name of the Rosengarten, although now covered with grass; but it is no longer divided from the bank. Here Siegfried, the dragon-slayer, fell, the victim of Hagen's treason; here Chriemhilde enjoyed her revenge; and here Attila overthrew the Burgundians, as is sung in the Niebelungen, the Grosse Rosengarten, and other ancient poems.