comme autant de pinceaux donnent à la nature ce coloris et cette "fraicheur qui la rendent fi aimable. Il faut donc que malgré les "reproches faits à Dédale, Homère ait trouvé dans fon ouvrage ce gout et ce fentiment, qui feuls font capables d'echauffer l'imagination, parcequ'ils touchent le cœur, peuvent inspirer des idées riantes à "l'efprit par le fouvenir des chofes agréables qu'ils lui rappellent, et "fournir à tous deux les images charmantes dont il a fait ufage."

Antiquités Etrufques, Grecques, et Romaines, tom. iii. p. 96.

I have transcribed these copious remarks, because they seem to place in a very fair and judicious point of view the merits of the early sculptor, whose obscure history I have wished to illuftrate. With fuch a defire, I have particularly to regret one of the loft comedies afcribed to Ariftophanes, which bore the name of Dædalus: yet it is poffible that fuch a compofition might not have afforded that clear light concerning the life and character of the artift, which we might eagerly expect from its title. As it was the favourite amufement of Aristophanes to ridicule the tragic poets of his country, perhaps his Dædalus contained little more than a ludicrous parody on the Prometheus of Efchylus. However this might be, the name of Dedalus appears to have been generally honoured by the poets of Greece; and I haften to conclude this attempt to elucidate and confirm his reputation with the words of a Greek epigram, that reprefent him as a paragon of ex

cellence :

Μωμος, ον εδ'

παντι δεπ' εργω

ηρως Δαίδαλος εξεφυγεν.

Momus will scoff at art, in every shape;
Nor could her hero, Dædalus, escape.

There were two subsequent artists, of confiderable eminence, who bore the name of Dadalus. The first, a native of Sicyon, acquired celebrity by many ftatues that are mentioned by Pliny and Paufanias. The latter was probably a Bithynian, as he is supposed to have executed, at Nicomedia, a wonderful image of Jupiter, the patron of armies *.

The learned Abbé Barthelemy fays, in a note to his elaborate and lively travels of Anacharfis, "Je ne nie pas l'existence d'un Dédale "très ancien. Je dis feulement que les premiers progrés de la sculpture doivent être attribués à celui de Sicyone."-Tom. iii. p. 558.

I am forry to differ from fo accomplished a judge of antiquity; but I confider the sculptural merit of the elder Dædalus as completely proved by the testimony of Homer. The works of Endæus, the Athenian disciple of this early artist, are mentioned by Athenagoras and Paufanias. The latter feems to have examined the works of Endæus with peculiar attention.

NOTE XII. Ver. 290.

And from oblivion fav'd the artift and the bard.

Although the Lacedæmonians were fo little attached to the pacific and elegant pursuits of life, that, according to a bold expreffion of Ifocrates concerning them, they were hardly acquainted with their letters, yet they seem to have paid particular regard to the art of sculpture. Paufanias, with his usual accuracy, has recorded that this early and accomplished artist, Gitiadas, whom he celebrates for the variety of his talents, was a native of Sparta †. The minute and intelligent

* Θαύμαζον αγαλμα Στρατις Διος. ΕυSTATHIUS apud Junium.

...

+ Λακεδαιμόνιοι . τον τε ναον ομοίως και αγαλμα εποιήσαντο Αθηνας χαλκουν· Γιτιαδας δε είργασατο ανηρ επι χωριός εποίησε δε και ασματα Δωρια ο Γιτιαδας, αλλά τε και ύμνον ες την Θεόν. PAUSANIAS, P, 250.

defcriber of his fculptural works fpeaks highly of the figures that he executed in brass, particularly those of Neptune and Amphitrite. That the Lacedemonians had a ftrong paffion for sculpture seems evident, from the magnificence of their Amyclæan Apollo, whofe throne was decorated by Bathycles, an artist of Magnesia, and comprised, as M. de Caylus has juftly obferved, an epitome of ancient mythology. Winkelman fuppofes Bathycles to have lived in the age of Solon. One fingular advantage which the Spartans expected to derive from the poffeffion of fine ftatues was to improve the beauty of their offspring; a fource of their partiality both to sculpture and to painting which Junius has explained in the following paffage: "Lacedæmonii quondam in re"liquis horridiores, pulcherrimas quafque picturas in fummo femper " habuerunt pretio ; dicuntur enim de liberorum fuorum pulchritudine tantopere folliciti fuiffe, ut formofiffimorum adolefcentium Nirei, Nar"ciffi, Hiacinthi, Caftoris et Pollucis, deorumque fpeciofiffimorum "Apollinis nempe ac Bacchi effigies gravidis uxoribus repræsentarent.”

σε

JUNIUS, de Pictura Veterum, p. 71.

On the works of Gitiadas, which confifted of brazen bas-reliefs, in the temple of the Spartan Minerva, D'Hancarville has made the following judicious remark :

"La sculpture dans les ouvrages de Gitiadas étoit auffi avancée, que "l'étoit la peinture dans ceux d'Helotas, faits peu avant lui, fuivant le rapport de Pline: cet art étoit par confequent arrivé en Grèce au point où il parvint en Italie, quand Laurent Ghiberti fit en bronze "les admirables bas-reliefs des portes du baptiftaire de Florence, et par une fingularité remarquable les arts firent dans ces deux pays les "mêmes progrés en des tems à-peu-près egaux."

Gitiadas, according to probable conjecture, lived in the age of Romulus.

NOTE XIII. Ver. 302.

Where hafte infulted his unfinish'd toil.

WOTE

ODLE

ETAN

Dipænus and Scyllis are usually mentioned together as brothers and affociates in their art, which they learnt from Dædalus. Some authors (according to Paufanias) fuppofed them to be his fons. The most ftriking part of their history is contained in the following paffage of Pliny:

"Marmore scalpendo primi omnium inclaruerunt Dipænus et Scyllis, geniti in Creta infula, etiamnum Medis imperantibus, priufque quam "Cyrus in Perfis regnare inciperet : hoc eft Olympiade circiter L. li Sicyonem fe contulere, quæ diu fuit officinarum omnium metallorum patria. Deorum quorundam fimulacra publice locaverant Sicyonii: quæ priufquam abfolverentur, artifices injuriam quefti abierunt in "Etolos. Protinus Sicyonios infanda invafit fterilitas, moerorque di

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rus. Remedium petentibus, Apollo Pythius affuturum refpondit, fi "Dipænus et Scyllus deorum fimulacra perfeciffent: quod magnis mer"cedibus obfequiifque impetratum eft. Fuere autem fimulacra ea Apol"linis, Dianæ, Herculis, Minervæ, quod e cœlo poftea tactum eft." PLIN. lib. 36. c. 5.

Cedrenus has described a very curious Minerva, fuppofed to be the work of these fraternal artists, as preserved at Constantinople :

Ισατο δε και το αγαλμα της Λινδίας Αθηνας τετραπηχυ εκ λίθες σμαραγδέ, εργον Σκυλλίδος και Διποινα των αγαλματεργων οπερ ποτε δωρον επεμψε Σεσως ρις Αιγύπτε τυραννος Κλεοβέλῳ τῳ Λινδίῳ τυραννῳ.-CEDRENUS, p. 254. edit. Venet.

NOTE XIV. Ver. 316.

And blam'd the mean abufe of mental power.

Anthermus, a sculptor in the island of Chios, had two fons of his own profeffion, Bupalus and Athenis. The brothers became famous by works of confiderable merit in their art; and still more fo by their degrading it into an inftrument of malevolence against the poet Hipponax. This animated but ill-favoured bard, diftinguished by mental talents and personal deformity, is supposed to have been in love with the daughter of Bupalus, who, to prevent a connexion that he disliked, is faid to have exhibited a caricatura of the formidable lover. The exafperated poet retaliated by a satire of such severity against the offending sculptors, that, according to tradition, it made them frantic, and impelled them to fuicide-a ftory which, as Pliny juftly obferves upon it, was fufficiently refuted by their fubfequent productions.

Their caricature of Hipponax (perhaps the first caricature upon record) is fuppofed by D'Hancarville to have fuggefted to Thefpis, their contemporary, the idea of furnishing his actors with a mask, instead of colouring their faces with vermilion. The fatire of the vindictive poet, though we may hope it did not produce the horrible effect afcribed to it, appears to have given celebrity to its indignant author. The Greek Anthologia contains no lefs than four infcriptions on this powerful satirift. I have selected the two best of them, for the amusement of my reader :

FF