run for cover. For outside the divine Guidebook which she has brought with her down the ages, and outside the historic record of the holy work she has been constantly doing for individuals and for nations, the Church of this twentieth century has no more convincing credentials of her divine origin, no truer friend, no more valiant helper or defender, than modern science has at last become in spite of those busybodies who have so long sought to keep these sisters apart by slandering the one to the other.

The bell of time has struck. The door of the Church's opportunity is wide open, and it leads to a platform already illuminated by a thousand lights from which she may again deliver her Master's message to an attentive world. Instead of vainly trying to learn a new language, and to translate her good tidings into the terms and style of the modern Gnosticism, how cheering for her to awake to the fact that the tongue of Pentecost is still the language best understood by the multitudes awaiting her, and the only effective language with which to reach the hearts of men! And as in obedience to her commission to preach the gospel to every creature she again steps forward into the focus of the world's gaze, let her remember that the promise of her Master's presence is as far reaching and as long enduring as the command.

APPENDICES

Appendix A

THE writer has so great a dislike for geological speculations that only the entreaty of friends has induced him to try his hand at this usually very unprofitable business. But as some seem still to have difficulty in forming a mental picture of how a universal Deluge could possibly take place, the following facts are enumerated to show that such a thing accords perfectly with possibility, and even probability. Further than this we cannot go. The facts here given are scientifically established; but the reader should beware of saying that the cause or the manner of the Deluge of the Scriptures is hereby demonstrated. As the writer has shown in his "Fundamentals of Geology," the general fact of there having been a great world catastrophe is now as well established as is the destruction of Carthage or the burning of Moscow; but the exact cause and manner of this event are matters of hypothesis.

The earth's axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, but is inclined about 2311⁄2 degrees from the perpendicular. The astronomical cause of this position is not known; but this astronomical habit of the earth being once established, it is difficult to conceive of a cause competent to change it, save the direct will of the Being who established it. But if we may suppose such a change to be possible, if we may suppose that the earth's axis was formerly perpendicular, or even less inclined than now, and that some external cause changed it to its present position, and changed it suddenly,— that change would let loose forces sufficient to do an inconceivable amount of geological work, far more than our problem requires.

Calculations have been made on the supposition of a far less disturbance than the maximum indicated above; and it

has been shown that the earth, like a huge top, would "begin to wabble, and it would continue to wabble as a top does when going to sleep" (Houghton), and until it had adjusted itself to its new position of rotation. In the meantime its surface would be shattered and dislocated beyond all conception, and twice each day the oceans would roll a mighty tidal wave around the globe, the latter attaining a maximum every 150 days, as Twisden has calculated, or about six miles in height at the equator. As tidal waves are true translation waves, as first explained by Russell and Hopkins, and involve a movement of the whole mass of the water bodily to the very bottom, irrespective of the depth, and as the tide tends to travel at the equator at the rate of 1,000 miles an hour, we again have energy vastly more than we require for our problem. For the transporting ability of moving water varies as the sixth power of its velocity; so that if the velocity is doubled, a current or translation wave would be capable of moving bodies sixty-four times as heavy. As a current of 100 miles an hour and of sufficient volume would almost dig out the mountains by the roots, we need not speculate as to what one of 1,000 miles an hour could do.

Let us now consider the quantity of water on the globe. About 72 per cent of the earth's surface is water, and 28 per cent land (Wagner). The average depth of the ocean is now considered to be about what Murray first made it, namely, 13,000 feet, while the average height of the land is only about 2,250 feet. Hence the ocean is about six times as deep as the land is high; and as its surface is about 2.5 times that of the land, there is about fifteen times as much water below the sea level as there is land above it. It follows that if all the present dry land were to sink beneath the ocean, it would raise the water only a few hundred feet, probably only about five or six times as much as the tide now sometimes rises in the Bay of Fundy. Furthermore, if all the inequalities of our globe could be smoothed out, so that the entire surface would be