FACSIMILES, DIAGRAMS, AND MAPS . . PAG. Republican Government Fifty Years Ago . 24 Republican Government To-day 25 Map of the Thirteen Independent States and Their Claims in 1783 Opposite 33 Stones in the Monument to Union 37 Four Ways of Amending the Constitution of the United States 49 Diagram Illustrating the Division of Powers 51 Principal Floor of the Capitol 55 Hall of Representatives 57 Diagram Representing Congressional Districts 58 South Carolina Gerrymandered, 1890 59 The Original Gerrymander 60 Senate Chamber 62 Official Presidential Ballot of Princeton, New Jersey 108 The Value of the Gold Dollar in Goods at Wholesale 147 Map Showing the Twelve Federal Reserve Districts 185 Judicial Districts of the Third Judicial Circuit. 194 Judicial Circuits of the United States 197 Map of Hawaii . 216 Map of Alaska 218 Map of Porto Rico 220 Map of the Philippines 221 Map of the Panama Canal Zone 223 State Senatorial Districts of New York State 251 Number of Assemblymen in New York Counties 252 Plan of a Court Room 290 Meridians and Base Lines of Geographical Townships 322 Ranges East and West of the Second Prime Meridian (Fig. 1) 323 Township Subdivided into Sections (Fig. 2) 324 Section Subdivided (Fig. 3) 324 An Economic Waste in Distribution of Milk in Rochester, New York 347 Woman Suffrage Map of the United States 356 Republican Primary Ticket for Princeton, New Jersey 370 . . . . . PAGE 373 376 377 Official Ballot for Princeton, New Jersey Short Ballot 378 401 459 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT CHAPTER I IMPORTANCE OF GOVERNMENT 1. Creation of a Government. The Pilgrims found a spot“fit for situation" and landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 22, 1620. No civilized government1 existed on these new shores, and the Pilgrims, although a religious people, realized that they would be unable to preserve order among themselves and maintain protection against the Indians without government and laws. In fact, dissensions on the Mayflower had already impressed them with the necessity of establishing a government. Accordingly, while lying off Cape Cod, the forty-one male adults signed the following agreement: “We whose names are under-written ... doe . . . combine ourselves together into a civill body politick . . . to enact . . . such just and equall laws ... from time to time as shall be thought most meete and convenient for ye generall good of ye Colonie, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.” Thus a new government came into existence. 2. Why Government is Important. — Government is important because through coöperation we are able to maintain peace, security, justice, and public services more easily than if individuals acted singly. Each individual may not directly assist in maintaining peace, security, justice, and public services; but every person 1 A government is the agency through which the purposes of a state are formulated and executed. 2 By “new shores” is meant the New England shores. A government had existed in Virginia since 1607. |