EVERY ONE PUTS HIS FAULT ON THE TIMES. stretched in parallel lines up and down the machines; another set, equivalent to the weft, is wound round small bobbins; and the meshes of the net-work are produced by these bobbins twisting in, and around, and among the vertical threads. After being woven or made, the net is gassed or singed, to remove the little hairy filaments; then embroidered or "" run by females, if the better kind of net; then mended if any of the meshes have given way; then bleached; then dyed, if it be black net; then dressed or stiffened with gum or starch; and finally rolled and pressed. Besides the specimens from Belgium, lace formed an important item in the number of 66 things sent over from France to the Great EMINENT FEMALE BIOGRAPHY. GRACE AGUILAR. ONE star differs from another star in glory; but whether of lesser or greater magnitude, all the bright gems that spangle the sky are stars, and we look up to them with reverence, and regard their brighter or feebler radiance alike as "Light from heaven." So of genius-the greater or the lesser lights; some burning with heat and brightness like the noon sun; others shedding benign and genial, though less glaring rays, but still possessing the attributes of heaven, and irradiating the moral atmosphere with rays of holy beneficence, and powers of gentleness, and beauty peculiarly their own. About thirty years have passed away since a star-not of the first magnitude, but still a star-bright and beautiful, began to shine, then quickly disappeared. But the light remained, though its source had departed. We possess the writings of Grace Aguilar: they may not perhaps stand in the first rank, regarded as mere literary productions; still in high principle and purity, in deep feeling and earnest purpose, and in grace and beauty, always associated with genius and goodness, they occupy a distinguished place in public esteem, and have been most decidedly classed by intelligent people among books worth reading.' The story of Grace Aguilar's life is soon told. She was the only daughter of Emanuel and Sarah Aguilar, and was born RUN LACE. at Hackney, in 1816. On account of her fragile health she was removed at four years old to Devonshire, at which early period we are told she commenced collecting and arranging shells and minerals, and manifested her strong predilection for literary studies. At seven she commenced a daily journal, "jotting down what she saw, heard, and thought, with the most rigid regard to truth;" and it was her habit, after visiting any new scene, to ponder what she had seen and heard, and record the result of her thoughts in her tiny journal. Her mother, a highly-educated and talented woman, strove in every way to direct the mind and heart of her gifted daughter in right paths, and to the study of whatever was beautiful and true. In consequence of Mr. Aguilar's infirm health, the family removed to Tavistock, when the mind of Grace began still further to assume the enthusiastic and earnest character which so pre-eminently distinguished both herself and writings. One of the ablest and best of living authoresses has furnished a deeply interesting and genial sketch of Grace Aguilar's brief sojourn-brief in time only-long in performance and accomplished effort. In that elegant and interesting book, "Pilgrimages to English Shrines," Mrs. S. C. Hall thus writes of Grace Aguilar: "It was beautiful to look upon the young and highly-endowed Jewish. maiden, EVERY ONE IS THE ARCHITECT OF HIS OWN FORTUNE. nurtured in the bosom of her own family, charmed and astonished at her extensive the beloved of her parents-themselves reading; at her knowledge of foreign high-class Hebrews, gifted with tastes of literature and actual learning, relieved by the beautiful in Art and Nature, and a a refreshing pleasure in juvenile attainsublime love for the true; leaving the ments. She had made acquaintance with traffic of the busy city, content with mode- the beauties of English nature during a rate competence, soothed by the accom- long residence in Devonshire; loved the plishment, the grace, and the devotion of country with her whole heart, and enriched that one cherished daughter, whose high her mind with the leisure it afforded; she pursuits and purposes never prevented the had collected and arranged conchological daily and hourly exercise of their domestic and mineralogical specimens to a considerduties and services, which the increasing able extent; loved flowers as only sensitive indisposition of her father demanded more women can love them; and with all this and more." was deeply read in theology and history. Whatever she knew, she knew thoroughly; rising at six in the morning, and giving to each hour its employment, cultivating and exercising her home affections, and keeping open heart for many friends. All these qualities were aroused by a fervent enthusiasm for whatever was high and holy. She shunned all envy and uncharitableness, and rendered loving homage to whatever was great and good. It was difficult to induce her to speak of herself or of her own doings. After her death it was deeply interesting to hear from the one of all others who loved and knew her best (her mother), of the progress of her mind from infancy to womanhood; it proved so convincingly how richly she deserved the affection she inspired." Her first work was a translation from the French, entitled "Israel Defended," and she wrote a work in defence of her religious faith; and one of her first general works was "Home Influence"-which is not in any degree controversial, but a book for every reader who can appreciate the true, the beautiful, and good in human character and action. She afterwards wrote the "Women of Israel". -"a work," says Mrs. Hall, "sufficient of itself to create and crown a reputation." At this period (1838), she was attacked with measles, after which she never enjoyed even her former imperfect health and vigour, and change of air was recommended as the only method to prolong her life. Bitterly regretting the necessity of bidding adieu to friends and country, she went to Germany, to enjoy the society of her eldest brother (who has now become a famous musician), and also to derive benefit —if such might be-from the German baths. "At our first introduction to Grace Aguilar," observes Mrs. Hall, "we were struck as much by the earnestness and eloquence of her conversation as by her delicate and lovely countenance. Her person and address were exceedingly prepossessing; her eyes of the deep blue that look black in particular lights; and her hair dark and abundant. There was no attempt at display; no affectation of learning; no desire to intrude 'me and my books' on any one, or in any way; in all things she was graceful and well-bred. You felt at once that she was a carefullyeducated gentlewoman, and if there were more warmth and cordiality of manner than a stranger generally evinces on a first introduction, we remember her descent, and that her love of her studies, as well as her passionate love of music and high musical attainments, had increased her sensibility. When we come to know her better we are "We have seen," continues Mrs. Hall, "her life had in it nothing to render it remarkable; surely we are in error-her patient, industrious, self-sacrificing life was remarkable, not only for its sanctity, its talent, and its high purpose, but for its earnest and beautiful simplicity, and perfect womanliness. "When the period for the departure for Germany had arrived, her friends found it difficult to bid her farewell; for they thought it would be the last time they should ever press that attenuated hand; but the brightness of her eyes, the hopefulness of her smile, made them hope against hope. She left England on the 16th of June, 1847, lingered in the brilliant city of Frankfort for a few weeks, and then went to the baths at Langen Schwalbach. She persevered in the use of the baths and mineral waters, but they afforded no relief; she was seized one night with violent spasms, and the next day was removed to Frankfort. Convinced that recovery was now impossible, she calmly and collectedly awaited the summons of death; and though all power of speech was gone, she was able to make her wants and wishes known by conversing | trious, of Jewish excellence and Jewish on her fingers. Her great anxiety was to liberality and loyalty and intelligence. The soothe her mother; though her tongue re- sling of the son of Jesse was not wielded fused to perform its office, those wasted with more power and effect against the fingers would instruct her to be patient and scorner of his people than was her pen to trust in God. She would name some against the general prejudice. cherished verse in the Bible, or some dearlyloved Psalm, that she desired might be read aloud. The last time her fingers moved it was to spell upon them feebly, "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him;' when they could no longer perform her will, her loving eyes would seek her mother, and then look upwards, intimating that they should meet hereafter. "In conversation, at the mention of her people, she seemed as one inspired; and the intense brightness of her eyes, the deep tones of her voice, the natural and unaffected eloquence of her words, when referring to the past history of the Jews, and the positive radiance of her countenance when she spoke of the gathering of the tribes at Jerusalem, could never be forgotten by those "Her death occasioned deep regret among who knew this young Jewish lady. In the Hebrews, both in this country and time, as we have observed, her own people America; foreign tabernacles poured forth estimated her as she deserved. She retheir lamentations, private friends gave ceived a very beautiful address from some of voice to their grief in prose and poetry, and the women of Israel when she left this the various journals of both hemispheres country for Germany. Among her works spoke of her with the respect and admira- of a more general nature Home Inflution she deserved. But to those who really knew Grace Aguilar all eulogium falls short of her deserts; and she has left a blank in her particular walk of literature which we never expect to see filled up. Her loss to her own people is immense; she was a golden link between the Christian d the Jew; respected and admired alike both, she drew each in charity closer to other; she was a proof, living and illus ence' is perhaps the most popular; and its sequel, 'The Mother's Recompense,' though only recently published, was written so far back as the year 1836. The Vale of Cedars' is a tale of Jewish faith and Jewish sufferings. We are persuaded that had this young woman lived in perilous times of persecution, she would have gone to the stake for her faith, and have died praying for her murderers. And this heroism was EVER SPARE AND EVER HAVE. not only for the great trials of life; she was also a heroine in the endurance of much suffering and petty annoyances, deeming it sinful to manifest impatience, and thinking it right to be afflicted." books so written. Had she lived, it is possible that she would have far excelleà in this respect also any of the admirable performances she has left us. In sincerity and earnest heartedness, high principle, It would be a mistake to suppose that conception and delineation of character, because Grace Aguilar was a believer in the tracing its formation from the earliest im Jewish faith, and enthusiastically attached pressions to its final development and issues to her own people, her writings are in actual life, few writers have excelled generally characterized by her peculiar Grace Aguilar. The perfect naturalness of religious sentiments. Some of them are her descriptions and narratives is a striking so characterized-such as "The Vale of and pleasing feature in her writings. To Cedars," the story of Jewish persecution in women the works of Grace Aguilar possess Spain, and the "Women of Israel" in a a peculiar charm: most of her descriptions few passages; but her writings generally and subjects refer to incidents of domestic are of a thoroughly catholic character: life, and relate to the affections, responsireligious sentiments are brought forward, bilities, hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, but they are the sentiments of both Jew and endearments of the family and home. and Christian. "Home Influence" and They tell of trials of faith and love, and her the "Mother's Recompense," for instance, own genial affectionate character is imbear no trace-no positive trace at least-of pressed upon the scenes she describes, and is Jewish origin, but are distinguished by the continually reflected in her writings; and earnest-hearted, enlightened moral senti- the reader feels conscious of holding interments and purpose of their author. The course with one who speaks from the "Days of Bruce" is a purely historical abundance of her own heart to the springs tale, and one of high character."Woman's of love and hope within ourselves, and not Friendship" reminds us of the delightful less to the good sense of our intellects. She stories of Maria Edgeworth. Certainly the had a mission, and she fulfilled it. Though majority of our so-called Christian writers twelve years have passed since she departed, -including nearly all the past and present her writings have, we believe, become inrace of novelists, and a host of literary stars creasingly popular, and both in this and of every magnitude-are, in regard to correct other lands possess an influence for good religious views and high moral principle, inferior to few productions of our times. very far behind this pious and enlightened "Jewish maiden." She died at the early age of thirty-one, and was buried, "not in the England which she loved so well," but in the Protestant burying-ground at Frankfort. The headstone which marks the spot has upon it a butterfly, and beneath it is the inscription"GIVE HER OF THE FRUIT OF HER HANDS; AND LET HER OWN WORKS PRAISE HER IN THE GATES."-Prov. xxxi. 31. No question but there are writers who excel in literary power and effect any works produced by Grace Aguilar-and there are readers who for these qualities alone read TO FEMALE SERVANTS. 1. RISE early, be active and diligent over your work. 2. Be clean and tidy in your person and clothing. 3. Keep good order, and put everything in its place. 4. Carry out no tales respecting the family. 5. Be good-tempered, civil, and obliging to all. 6. Waste neither food, fire, candles, nor any other article. 7. Be strictly honest and trustworthy in all things. 8. Live in peace with your fellowservants and all the family. 9. Try to make yourselves contented in your situation. 10. Respect and obey your master and mistress. 11. Always speak the truth as in the sight of God. 12. Fear God, and love all mankind. HAVE NOT THY CLOAK TO MAKE WHEN IT BEGINS TO RAIN. THE YOUNG WOMAN'S GARDEN COMPANION. CULTIVATION OF THE TULIP. that has a dark, pointed spot, somewhat in shape like the flame of a candle, in the centre of each sepal. Though it has become almost conventional among amateurs and gardeners to speak, and write too, of a tulip's petal, yet the word is a gross botanical misnomer. A tulip has neither corolla nor petal, but merely a calyx of coloured sepals. A feathered tulip has a darkcoloured edge round it, gradually becoming lighter on the margin next the centre of the sepal; the feathering is said to be light, if narrow; heavy, if broad; and irregular, if its inner edge has a broken outline. In some instances a tulip may be both feathered and flamed. THE Tulip is a native of Persia, and was These classes are still further divided into first introduced into Europe at Constanti-flamed and feathered. A flamed tulip is one nople, where it was, and still is, a great favourite with the worshippers of Allah. In 1554, Auger Gislem Busbec, better known as Busbequis, being at the Porte as ambassador from Ferdinand I., Emperor of Germany, procured some seeds and bulbs, which he transmitted to Vienna, with the remark that "the Turks charged a high price for them." Several amusing stories are related about these bulbs; how they were at first eaten as onions, but found unpalatable; how they were then made into a Conserve with sugar, but their flavour not improved; and how at last, being thrown out on a manure-heap as worthless, a few bloomed, revealing the true use of the plant. This was its first introduction into Western Europe. In the first half of the seventeenth century occurred that remarkable historical episode, the "tulipomania." It commenced in Holland, from thence it spread to France, and no doubt would have invaded England if the inhabitants of this country had not been fully engaged with the more sanguinary mania of civil war. The peculiar habit of the tulip not permitting it to be freely and quickly propagated, is no doubt the reason why some particular varieties have been so highly esteemed. From the time of sowing the seed, five years at least must elapse before the flower appears, and this first bloom is almost invariably a self, or mere ground colour. In this state the plant is termed a breeder; and when in the course of a few years, more or less, the petals become striped and variegated, it is then termed broken. There are two species of tulips extensively cultivated in England, the earliest of which is the Van Thol. The lateflowering variety is the garden tulip-the T. Gesneriana, the prize flower, and tulip par excellence. English florists divide this species into three classes, viz., roses, byblomens, and bizarres. The roses are marked by crimson, pink, scarlet, or cherry colour on a white ground. The byblomens are marked with black, lilac, or purple on a white ground. The bizarres are marked with purple or red on a yellow ground. To display tulips to the best advantage, they must be grown in beds, situated in an open, airy part of the garden. The exact size of a bed is, as the reader will presently see, easily determined by the number of plants it is intended to contain. The required dimensions being marked out, the soil should be removed to the depth of twenty inches; and a layer of sound fresh loam, ten inches thick, placed in the bottom of the excavation. Over the loam must be laid twelve inches in depth of thoroughly rotten two-year-old cow-manure; and over this last another layer of loam, two inches deep at the sides and three in the centre, thus leaving the centre slightly convex. The bed should be prepared in the beginning of October, so as to allow it to settle before the time of planting, which is from the 1st to the 10th of November; and at this time the bed will be about two inches higher than the circumjacent walks. Mr. Groom, of Clapham, one of the first tulip-growers in the world, and who, no doubt, possesses the best collection extantthe Dutch having completely lost their preeminence in the finer varieties-cultivates these plants in beds of four feet in width. When the bed is ready to receive the bulbs, its surface is brought to an accurate convex curve by means of a piece of board in the required form, termed a strike. This being done, the places of each and every bulb are exactly marked by the same implement, which is divided into eight spaces of six inches each. On the flat side of the strike, |