WHEN numbers are used without any symbol preceding them, the reference is to the Passus and Line of the C-text. References to the B-text or A-text invariably have 'b.' or 'a.' prefixed to the numbers. References to Richard the Redeles have 'R. prefixed. References to the prologue to the A-text or B-text are indicated by 'pr.' References to which 'n' is subjoined are to words occurring, not in the text, but in the various readings in the foot-notes.
Besides the abbreviations s., adj., adv., for substantive, adjective, adverb, &c., the following are used in a special sense :-v., a verb in the infinitive mood; pr, s., present tense, 3rd person singular; pr. pl., present tense, 3rd person plural; pt. s., past tense, 3rd person singular; pt. pl., past tense, 3rd person plural. Other persons are denoted by the figures 1 or 2.
The etymology of words is given occasionally, in the case of the more difficult words. Languages are cited in the usual manner, as O.F. for Old French, A.S. for Anglo-Saxon, and the like.
My former Glossary (published for the Early English Text Society) is on a larger scale. Space has been saved, in the present Glossary, by giving but few references for common words, and by the omission of some words (such as Abbesse, an abbess) of which the sense is obvious.
When the modern English form is noted (as e. g. mod. E. abash, under Abasched), the etymology is to be found in my Etymological Dictionary. References to 'notes are to the Notes in the present volume.
Proper Names will not be found here, but in the separate Index.
A, adj. one, a single, 2. 27; b. 1.99; b.
17. 39; one and the same, 17. 181.
And see note to a. 2. 43, p. 33.
A, prep. on, in, 20. 192, 21. 62, 21.
352, 22. 236; on, 15. 142; during, b.
II. 330; A bedde, in bed, 8. 26; A
day, in the day, 9. 332; A fure, on fire,
17. 180; A fuyre, a-fire, 8. 52; A
morwe, on the morrow, 4. 310; A
nyghtes, by night, 10. 78; A parceles,
in separate parts, severally, 20. 96; A
reste, in rest, asleep, 7. 237; A slepe,
asleep, 3. 53; A pre, adv. in three
(persons), 19. 199; A worth, ac-
cording to their worth, 15. 66.
A, prep. of, a. pr. 6; a feyrie
fairy origin. See note to I. 7, p. 3. A, interj. ah! 2. 41, 5, 164. A-bane, imper. s. give them disease,
9. 226. See note, p. 114. Abasched, pp. abashed, alarmed, b. 10. 445; ashamed, b. 10. 286; Abasshyd, deterred, R. 1. 110; Abaisshed, ashamed, 16. 163; Abaissed, 7. 17. Mod. E. abash.
Abate, v. soften, assuage, b, 12, 61;
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soften, moisten, a. 7. 171; Abat-
eth, pr. pl. put down, refuse, set
aside, R. 3. 307; Abated, pp.
lowered, R. 4. 81; Abate, imp. s.
reduce, keep under, b. 6. 218.
Abbodesse, an abbess, 7. 128.
A-b-ce, s. alphabet, a. 8. 119; A-b-c,
b. 7. 132. See Cath. Angl. p. 1, n. 7.
Abedde, in bed, b. 5. 395. See A,
prep.
A-begged, in phr. gon abegged
= go
a-begging, 9. 138. See note, p. 111.
Abie, v. pay for, atone for, b. 3. 249.
See Abugge.
Abiggen, v. pay for, b. 2, 127. See
Abugge.
Abit, dress, I. 3. Lit. habit.
Abite, pr. pl. they (i. e. the winds)
bite off, nip off, b. 16. 26; Abite},
pr. s. bites off, nips, 19. 32. A. S.
ábítan.
Ablamed, pp. blamed, a. 5. 75.
Ablende, v. blind, b. 18. 137; A-
bleynte, pt. s. b. 18. 323; Ablente,
21. 371. See below.
Ablyndeth, pr. s. blinds, b. 10. 264.
A-bosted, pt. s. boasted against, de-
fied in a bragging manner, 9. 152, b.
6. 156. Cf. E. boast.
A-bouen, prep. above, before, higher
than, 8, 208, 17. 35; Aboue, b. 9. 14.
A-boute, prep. about, round, 1. 193;
Abouten, b. 1. 6.
A-boute, adv. around, 11. 266; every-
where, a. 8. 30; employed about, in
a busy state, b. 13. 369.
Abouzte. See Abugge.
A-brode, adv. abroad, 16. 264; about,
b. 14.60; Abrod, widely apart, 10. 143.
Abrybep; gon abrybeþ = go a-begging,
9. 246.
See note to 9. 138, p. 111.
Briber, to beg his bread;' Cotgrave.
Abugge, v. atone for, pay for, suffer
for (a thing), b. 6. 83, 168; a. 3.
236, a. 7. 74, 152; Abouzte, pt. s.
11. 233, b. 9. 142, b. 12. 43, b. 13.
376; Abouzte, pt. pl. b. 10. 281;
Abouзt, pp. paid for, 21. 433. See
also Abye, Abygge, Abie, Abigge.
A. S. ábyrgan; corrupted to abide in
the 16th century.
A-bydyng, s. patience, endurance,
Abydynge, pres. part. enduring, perse-
vering, persistent, 19. 136, 23. 143; b.
19. 289.
Abye, v. suffer, atone, atone for, pay
for, b. 9. 88, b. 18. 401. See Abie,
Abugge.
A-bygge, v. pay dearly for, suffer for
(a thing), 3. 141, 9. 41, 17. 220, 21.
448. See Abigge, Abugge.
Ac, conj. but, 1. 62, 191; 2. 42, 4. 115,
10. 330. A. S. ac, Goth. ak. See also
Ak.
A cale, pp. chilled, very cold, 21. 439,
p. 264. Cf. Icel. kalinn, pp. of kala,
to cool. See note. And see Akale.
Accesse, s. an attack of sickness, esp.
of fever, a. 5. 210. See Axes in
Cathol. Anglicum.
Acchett, hatchet, axe, 4. 462.
Accidie, s. a fit of sluggishness, fit
of sloth, 7. 417; b. 5. 366. Lat.
accidia..
Accombreth. See Acombre.
A-cloye, imper. 1 pl. let us embarrass,
encumber, 21. 296. Orig. to lame a
horse by driving a nail into his foot in
shoeing. 'Enclouer vn cheval, to
prick a horses foot in the shooing;'
Cotgrave. See Acloyde in Gloss. to
Fitzherbert's Husbandry (E. D. S.).
Acombre, v. trouble, vex, hinder, clog,
encumber, b. 2. 50, b. 19. 215;
Acombreth, pr. pl. are a hindrance to,
b. 12. 57; Acombrede, pt. pl. encum-
bered, plagued, R. 2. 28; Acombred,
pp. overcome, overwhelmed, b. I. 32;
b. 1. 194; Acombrid, R. 4. 67. See
encombrer in Cotgrave; and Prompt.
Parv. p. 6, n. 4.
Acordaunce, concord, agreement, 4.
339, 398.
Acorden, v. agree, b. 5. 335, b. 13.
121; Acorde, v. 4. 275, 374, 380;
to grant, b. 3. 317; Acordeth, pr. s.
4. 358, 364, 9. 243; A-corden, pr.
pl. agree, come to an agreement, 20.
285; Acorde, pr. s. subj. a. 10. 87;
pr. pl. subj. b. 17. 303; Acordede,
pt. s. held with, 23. 303; agreed, a. 4.
78; Acorded, pt. s. agreed, 12. 311;
agreed to, b. II. 42; Acordeden, pt.
pl. agreed, b. 18. 232; Acordede,
united, 21. 244; A-cordynge, pres.
part. agreeing, a. 10. 89.
A-corse, pr. s. subj. should curse, 1.
127, b. pr. 99; Acorsed, pt. s. 19.
224; Acorsed, pp. accursed, 21. 97.
From A.S. corsian, to curse.
A-corsede, accursed, 20. 254, 23. 263.
Pl. of acorsed, pp. of the verb above.
A-counte, v. go through accounts,
reckon up, 8. 33, 13. 66; give account,
12. 298; esteem, think of, b. 11. 15;
A-countep, pr. s. cares, 4. 396;
Acountep, pr. pl. esteem, 11. 258;
Acountede, pt. s. counted, valued, 22.
414; A-counted, pp. counted, reck-
oned, to. 239; considered, a. 1. 88;
thought anything of, R. 3. 155;
Acountid, pp. counted, R. 3. 157.
Acouped, pt. s. blamed, accused, b. 13.
459. 'Encoulper, to appeach, accuse,
blame for;' Cotgrave. See Coupe,
and see note to the line.
A-day, lit. on or in the day, hence,
at morn, b. 6. 310. See A, prep.
Addre, serpent, 21. 317, 328; Adders,
pl. R. 3. 18.
Adiectif, adjective, 4. 338.
A-do, to do, 6. 164. (Put for at do,
where at is the sign of the infinitive
or gerund in Northern English.) See
note on p. 68.
Adoune, adv. down, 9. 29, 11. 94,
23. 227, b. 10. 330, R. 2. 39; also
Adoun, Adowne, Adown. A.S. of
dúne, lit. off the down or hill.
Adrad, pp. as adj. afraid, greatly afraid,
22. 307, 23. 352; Adradde, pl. b. 19.
A.S. ádrédan, to dread greatly.
A-drenchep, pr. pl. drown (themselves),
II. 162; Adreynten, pt. pl. were
drowned, b. 10. 408; Adreynt, pp. a.
10. 60; drenched (with physic), 23.
377; A-drent, pp. drowned, 11. 245.
A.S. ádrencan.
Afaiten, v. to tame, 7. 7; Affaiten, b.
5. 37; Affaiteth, pr. s. restrains, b.
14. 296; Affeyteth, pr. pl. train, b.
11. 375; Affaite pe, tame for thyself, b.
6. 32. Affaiter, as Affaicter, to trim,
trick, deck, also to tame, reclaim;'
Cotgrave. See note to b. 11. 375, on
p. 178, line 1.
Afaytyng, a-begging, 10. 170. Put
for a faytyng, where a = on.
See A,
prep.; and see Faiten.
A-felde, adv. to the field, a-field, 5.
144; Afeld, 9. 198.
Afere, v. frighten away, 23. 166; b.
20. 165; Afereth, pr. s. frightens,
drives away, 21. 478, b. 18. 430;
A-fered, pp. seized with fear, 5. 66;
afraid, frightened, 9. 179, 16. 165,
20. 80, 21. 125; Aferede, pp. pl. 9.
128; Aferd, pp. 2. 10, 12. 279; Afert,
a. 4. 49; Aferde, pp. pl. b. 6. 123.
A.S. áfæran, to terrify.
A-feynted, pp. enfeebled, 23. 198.
Affaiten. See Afaiten.
Affendid, pp. offended, R. 3. 208.
Afferes, pl. affairs, business, doings, 7.
Affeyteth. See Afaiten.
Affaunce, reliance, trust, 19. 256.
Affoot. See Afote.
Affor. See Afore.
Afforse, adv. perforce, R. 4. 22. 'A
force, with much indeavour;' Cot-
grave.
Affrayned, I pt. s. asked, b. 16. 274.
See Frained.
Afore, adv. before, b. 14. 134; Affore,
R. 3. 246; Afor, prep. b. 5. 12, b. 16.
45; in the sight of, b. 12. 81; Affor,
prep. before, R. 4. 73.
Aforth, v. afford, b. 6. 201. A.S. forð-
ian, to further aid, advance, per-
form. Hence mod. E. afford.
A-fote, adv. afoot, a. 5. 6; Afoot, b. 5.
6; Affoot, R. 4. 65.
Afrontede, pt. s. addressed, confronted,
accosted, 23. 5.
After, prep. according to, like to, like,
3. 27, 4. 272; Aftur, a. 7. 198; After,
according to (the position of), I. 14;
in accordance with, b. 12. 188, b. 13.
94; for, 15. 120; After the dede,
according to the deed, 4. 474; After
person, according to the parson's in-
structions, 15. 124.
After, adv. after, secondly, b. 10. 358;
Aftur, a. 8. 4.
Afurst. See Afyrst.
A-fyngred, pp. as adj. exceedingly
hungry, oppressed by hunger, 12. 43,
50; 17. 15, 18. 67; b. 6. 269; A-
fyngrid, a. 12. 59; Afyngrede, pp. pl.
exceedingly hungry, 10. 85. Put for
of-hyngred, from A.S. ofhyngrian (of-
hingrian), to be excessively hungry.
See Afyrst, and note to b. 6. 269.
Afyrst, pp. as adj. athirst, very thirsty,
oppressed by thirst, b. 14. 162; Afurst,
10. 85, 12. 43, 17. 15. A.S. of þyrst,
(of pirst, of pirsted), pp. very thirsty.
See above, and note to 12. 43.
Agasteth, pr. s. frightens, drives away,
b. 14. 280; Agast, pp. afraid, terrified,
in fear, 3. 221, 22. 300; Agaste, pl.
b. 13. 268. A.S. gæstan, to terrify.
Agayn, Ageyn, Agayns. See Azein,
Azeines.
A-glotye, v. satisfy, fill, 10. 76. Cf.
E. glut.
Agon, v. obtain, b. 9. 106. Cf. A.S.
ágangan, to require; Genesis ix. 5.
A-goo, pp. gone, departed, R. 3. 245.
E. ago.
A-greued, pp. annoyed, troubled, vexed,
17. 209, R. 2. 113.
A-grounde, adv. on the ground, 21.
44 on this earth, b. 1. 60.
Agulten, v. to offend against, offend, b.
15. 385; Agulte, 7. 17, b. 14. 7;
commit sin, be guilty, 18. 44; Agulte,
I pt. s. offended against, 20. 276, b.
17. 294. A.S. ágyltan.
Aier, air, 2. 127, 11. 129. See Eir.
Air, heir, II. 241; Aires, pl. 6. 59.
See Eir, Ayre.
Aither, pron. either. Here aiperes, of
each of them, 13. 137, 138; Aiper
opere, each other, 23 353; Oure aiper
oper each of us (exciting) the other,
7. 188. See Ayper.
Ak, conj. but, a. 5. 254. See Ac.
Akale, pp. chilled, b. 18. 392. See
Aker, acre, 9. 113, a. 7. 4.
Aknowe, pp.; Be aknowe
ledge, confess, 10. 86. A.S. oncná-
wan, to acknowledge.
Al, adv. altogether, 2. 30; entirely,
wholly, b. 1. 31; Al a = the whole of
a, b. 6. 258; Al day, continually, 18.
96; Al so, as, 12. 103.
Alarme, interj. to arms, 23. 92. E.
alarm; see note.
Alay, alloy, b. 15. 342.
Alayed, pp. alloyed, 18. 79, b. 15. 346.
From O.F. aleier (later aloyer), Lat.
alligare, to combine.
Alconomye, alchemy, a. 11. 157. See
Alkenamye.
Alday, adv. continually, b. 15. 352.
See Al.
Ale, s. ale, 7. 159; ale-house, I. 43, 9.
122, 10. 194; Alle (better Ale), ale,
i. e. a feast or ale-house, a. pr. 42.
A-lee, adv. on the lee, to leeward, R. 4.
74.
A-leggen, v. allege, 13. 31; Alleggen,
declare, b. 11. 88; A-legged, pp. a.
Aleyne (?), R. 2. 136. Perhaps for
aleid on-leid, laid upon; hence
aleyne vppon oper one laid upon
another. Lein (lain) and leid (laid)
are frequently confused. Or perhaps
read a leen, i. e. one gift (lit. loan)
upon another.
Aliche, adv. alike, b. 12. 209, b. 16. 57.
Alie, ally, R. 3. 31.
Aliri, adv. across (said of the legs), b.
6. 124, a. 7. 115. Cf. And fond hir
liggyng lirylong,' i. e. and found her
lying with her legs stretched out;
Pardoner and Tapster, 310, in the
Tale of Beryn, ed. Furnivall. From
the A.S. lira, the flesh, muscles, esp.
used of the fleshy parts of the leg, as
in spar-lira, the calf of the leg, oc-
curring as a gloss to sura in Wright,
A.S. Vocab. i. 44, where we also find
'Pulpa, vel viscum, lira,' and 'Nates,
ears-lyre.' It is the same word as the
Platt-Deutsch lurre, the loin, thigh,
in the Bremen Wörterbuch. Hence
a-liri with the calf of one leg rest-
ing on the shin of the other. At least,
such seems to be the sense intended,
See A-lyry.
Alkamye, alchemy, b. 10. 212 (Laud
MS.). See also Alkenamye, and note.
Alkenamye, alchemy, b. 10. 212. See
Alconomye, Alkamye. 'Alcanamye,
corinthium, elixer;' Cath. Angl.
Alkynnes, of every kind; Of alkinnes
craftes of crafts of every kind, b. 10.
177; Of alkynnes siztes of sights of
every kind, b. 12. 130; Of alkynnes
filthe from filth of every kind, b.
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Alle; for Ale, q. v.
Alleggen. See Aleggen.
Aller, of all; 30wre aller, of you all, b.
19. 468; Owre aller, of us all, b. 16.
205. A.S. ealra, gen. pl. of call, all.
See Alre.
Allowaunce, praise, approval, estima-
tion, b. 11. 215, b. 14. 109.
Allowe, v. praise, b. 16. 233; pr. pl.
praise, b. 14. 307; Allowed, pt. pl.
praised, b. 15.4; Allowed, pp. praised,
approved, b. 10. 433, 435.
Allouer,
to allow, advow, approve, like well
of;' Cotgrave. See also Alowe.
Almaries, pl. aumbries, ambries, places
for keeping things, cupboards, 17. 88.
See Ambry in my Etym. Dict.
Almesful, adj. charitable, 7. 48.
Almesse, alms, charity, 9. 133, 10. 141;
Almus, a. 7. 120, 135; Almes, b. 7.
75; Almesses, pl. alms, b. 10. 298;
presents received as alms, b. 15. 306.
A.S. almesse, from Lat. eleemosyna.
Alofte, adv. on high, aloft, high up, up,
in elevation, 1. 175, b. 12. 222; Aloft,
21. 44.
A-longet,pp.filled with longing, greedy,
a. 7. 254. See note, p. 116, 1. 11.
Alose, v. praise highly, 20. 101. Les,
laud, praise ;' Cotgrave.
A-louance, profit, lit. hire, 10. 271.
From F. louer, to hire, Lat. locare.
Aloute, v. bow, bow down, 16. 169.
See Loute.
A-lowaunce, praise, approval, 16. 290.
See Allowe.
A-lowe, v. commend, praise (for it), 19.
252; I pr. s. I approve of, R. 2. 69;
Alowep, pr. s. approves of, 4. 74;
commends, 19. 82; Alowede, pt. s.
praised, commended, 13.138; Alowed,
pp. praised, 8. 96. See Allowe.
Alowe, adv. low down, b. 12. 222;
Alow, b. 12. 234.
Alre, adj. gen. pl. of all, 22. 473. See
Al-so, Also, adv. and conj. as, 17. 298,
22. 440; also, likewise, 21.184; Alse, a.
5.144; Als, also, b. 3. 72; as, b. 4. 195.
Alswythe, adv. as quickly as might be,
b. 3. 101. From als, as, and swithe,
quickly.
Alper-ryghtfulleste, adj. sup. most
righteous of all, 11. 24.
A-lyghte, pt. s. descended, 12. 144; dis-
mounted, 20. 64; alighted, settled,
A-lyry, adv. 9. 129. See Aliri.
Alyue, adv. alive, living, b. 8. 111, a.
2. 14.
Amaistren, v. have power over, con-
trol, compel, keep in subjection, 3.
161, 9. 221; Amaystren, a. 7. 200;
Amaysteren, a. 2. 117; Amaistrye, to
teach, instruct, govern, manage, con-
trol, b. 2. 147; Amaistrien, b. 6. 214;
A-maistrid,pp.mastered, got the power
over, 3. 167; Amaysterd, a. 2. 144.
'Maistrier, to master, govern, rule,
sway, &c.;' Cotgrave. Cf. Shrop-
shire amaister, to teach. 'An old
man near Leintwardine, speaking of
his schoolmaster, said, 'E used to
amaister me, Sir.'-Shrop. Word-
book.
Amanced,pp.excommunicated (a wrong
reading), 14. 104 n. See Mansed.
Amarride, pt. pl. disturbed, vexed, R.
Amorteisede, pt. pl. granted in mort-
main, 18. 54; Amortesed, b. 15. 315.
See note, p. 225.
A-morwe, adv. on the morrow, next
morning, 8. 13, R. 4. 40.
Amounteb, pr. s. amounteth to, signi-
fies, a. 3. 87.
Ampulles, pl. ampullae, small phials
for holy water, b. 5. 527; Ampolles,
a. 6. II. See note, p. 100; and see
Hanypeles.
Amydde, prep. amidst, in the middle
of, b. 8. 30; through the midst of,
14. 43.
A-myddes, prep. amidst, 11. 67.
Amyddes, adv. in the middle, b. 13. 82.
An, conj. and, 23. 72; b. 7. 44. Short
for and.
An, conj. if, b. 2. 132.
An, adj. one, b. 17. 183; An othre, one
other, another, b. 1. 106 (see note).
An, prep. on, upon, 5. 113; in, b. 15.
28; An auenture in case, lest by
chance, b. 3. 72; An hy, on high, 6.
187; An hih, 19. 106; An hiegh, b.
pr. 13; An ydel idly, in an idle
manner, b. 5. 580; in vain, use-
lessly, 15. 7. A.S. an, on, on, in.
Ancre, an anchoress, 4. 141; Ancres,
pl. anchorites, 1. 30, 9. 146. A.S.
ancra, an anchorite, Lat. anachoreta.
And, conj. if, 3, 204, 7. 289, &c.
Anewe, v. renew, R. 3. 24.
Angre, ill-temper, vexation, 7. 79;
trouble, suffering, misery, 13. 207;
violence, b. 13. 336; trial, affliction,
b. 17. 336; Angres, pl. troubles, suf-
ferings, 7. 114; afflictions, b. 12. 11.
(Seldom used in the modern sense.)
Angre, v. annoy, injure, b. 14. 244;
Angrye, v. 17. 86; Angreth, pr. s.
makes angry, b. 5. 117. Icel. angra.
An-heiz, adv. on high, a. pr. 13. See
An, prep.
Anon, adv. immediately, soon, I. 111,
2. 115; presently, soon, b. 9. 130;
presently, soon after, 4. 323. A.S.
on án, in one, i. e. in a moment.
Anoye, v. vex, R. 2.67; Anoyed, pt. pl.
annoyed, R. 3. 71. See Anuyed.
Anuyed, pp. vexed, displeased, a. 2.
144; Anuyzed, a. 3. 182, a. 5. 74;
Anuyzen, pr. pl. annoy, trouble, a. 2.
97. See Anoye.
Any pinge, in any respect, at all, b. 18.
386.
Anyente, v. destroy, annihilate, 20.
267; Anyented, pp. 21. 389.
'Ane-
antir, to abrogate, annichilate;' Cot-
grave. (Anentesch is from the F. base
aneantiss-.)
Apaied. See Apayed.
Apaired. See Apeire.
Aparail, dress, apparel, 7. 30, 11. 116;
Aparaille, b. 13. 278; Apparaille, b.
8. 116; Apparail, a. 9. 111. See
Parail.
Aparaile, v. dress, prepare, a. 7. 53;
A-paraild, pp. dressed, 8. 161; Appa-
raille, v. b. 2. 170, b. 6. 59; Appa-
rayle, v. a. 2. 148. See Parailede.
Apartie, adv. apart, 16. 54; Aparte,
separately, R. 4. 36.
Apayed, pp. pleased, 9. 115; b. 6. 110,
198; a. 7. 101; contented, 10. 178;
With apayet pleased with, a. 10.
126; Apaied, pp. pleased, 16. 63;
Apaiede, pp. pl. pleased, 3. 45. O.F.
apaier, to appease, from Lat. pacare.
Apeel, appeal, accusation, 20. 284; see
note, p. 246. See Apeles.
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