What is the Matter with Communicative Competence?: An Analysis to Encourage Teachers of English to Assess the Very Basis of Their TeachingLIT Verlag Münster, 2005 - 343 頁 This book integrates recent findings of linguistic research into ELT. Its aim is - to introduce (future) teachers to the complex concept of communicative competence - to critically analyse learners' teaching/learning deficiencies in the light of the requirements they are expected to meet at the school-leaving exams or at university-entry - to offer suggestions about how to remedy these shortcomings and also to provide teaching and testing materials. |
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第 v 頁
... Strategic competence III Requirements grammar school - leavers are expected to meet at their English finals 1 Written tasks 2 Oral tasks 3 Special topic in English : dossier 2222 21 21 23 4 Synopsis of skills and strategic components ...
... Strategic competence III Requirements grammar school - leavers are expected to meet at their English finals 1 Written tasks 2 Oral tasks 3 Special topic in English : dossier 2222 21 21 23 4 Synopsis of skills and strategic components ...
第 vi 頁
... strategies 46 1.2.2 Implicit teaching strategies 1.2.3 The role of explicit knowledge in the acquisition of implicit knowledge 52 54 1.3 An Integrated Theory of Instructed Language Learning 1.4 Conclusions for teachers to draw from the ...
... strategies 46 1.2.2 Implicit teaching strategies 1.2.3 The role of explicit knowledge in the acquisition of implicit knowledge 52 54 1.3 An Integrated Theory of Instructed Language Learning 1.4 Conclusions for teachers to draw from the ...
第 vii 頁
... strategic competence 286 6.1 ' To teach or not to teach compensatory communication strategies ' 286 6.2 Bachman's model of strategic competence re - visited : a framework of cognitive operations 289 6.3 Another dimension of strategic ...
... strategic competence 286 6.1 ' To teach or not to teach compensatory communication strategies ' 286 6.2 Bachman's model of strategic competence re - visited : a framework of cognitive operations 289 6.3 Another dimension of strategic ...
第 xiii 頁
... ) with each other , allowing for a great degree of flexibility in teaching . ( Cf. Stern's five strategies of in- tegration ( 1992 ; repr . 1993 : 357-60 . ) See also below pp . 63 , 301 . [ w ] hether or not a notional syllabus will XIII.
... ) with each other , allowing for a great degree of flexibility in teaching . ( Cf. Stern's five strategies of in- tegration ( 1992 ; repr . 1993 : 357-60 . ) See also below pp . 63 , 301 . [ w ] hether or not a notional syllabus will XIII.
第 xiv 頁
... strategic competence which result from my synthesis of subcomponents found in Canale / Swain ( 1980 ; 1983 ) , Færch / Kasper ( 1983 ) , Bachman ( 1990 ) and Bachman / Palmer ( 1996 ) and from my integration of concepts from L2 skill ...
... strategic competence which result from my synthesis of subcomponents found in Canale / Swain ( 1980 ; 1983 ) , Færch / Kasper ( 1983 ) , Bachman ( 1990 ) and Bachman / Palmer ( 1996 ) and from my integration of concepts from L2 skill ...
內容
1 | |
3 | |
9 | |
10 | |
12 | |
15 | |
21 | |
22 | |
3 More efficiency in vocabulary acquisition | 142 |
4 Enhancing textual competence | 200 |
5 Integrating pragmatics | 233 |
6 On the teachability of strategic competence | 286 |
Conclusion | 299 |
Appendices | 305 |
Examples of tasks set by me at schoolleaving exams Reifeprüfungen at the Bundesrealgymnasium Linz Hamerlingstraße | 306 |
Examples of teaching materials used in my university language courses in English for business | 310 |
23 | |
24 | |
29 | |
31 | |
32 | |
41 | |
2 The significance of valence grammar | 111 |
Questionnaire about grammar school pupils behaviour in lexical acquisition | 318 |
PART THREE | 325 |
Bibliography | 326 |
Index | 337 |
Acknowledgements | 343 |
常見字詞
acquisition addition adjective adverb analysis approach Austrian Bachman's basic Bialystok certainly classroom COBUILD collocations communicative competence components comprehension concept concerned context conversation conversation analysis course deixis dictionary discourse dossier Ellis English example exams expected explicit explicit knowledge express formal German give grammar school grammatical competence his/her hyponym implicit knowledge instruction interaction kind L2 learners language teaching learning lexemes lexical items lexicon linguistic markedness meaning native speakers noun OALD object organisation paragraph pedagogic placement papers pragmatics preposition pronoun pupils question readers refers relative clauses relative pronoun repr result seems semantic features semantic field semantic roles sememes sentence sociolinguistic strategic competence strategies structure SunTi syllabus syntactic tasks teachers teaching materials text form text grammar Text linguistics text production textbooks textual competence theory topic upper forms valence verb vocabulary Werlich Widdowson words writing
熱門章節
第 10 頁 - We have then to account for the fact that a normal child acquires knowledge of sentences, not only as grammatical, but also as appropriate. He or she acquires competence as to when to speak, when not, and as to what to talk about with whom, when, where, in what manner. In short, a child becomes able to accomplish a repertoire of speech acts, to take part in speech events, and to evaluate their accomplishment by others. This competence, moreover, is integral with attitudes, values, and motivations...
第 9 頁 - A distinction must be made between what the speaker of a language knows implicitly (what we may call his competence) and what he does (his performance}.
第 9 頁 - The competence of the speaker-hearer can, ideally, be expressed as a system of rules that relate signals to semantic interpretations of these signals. The problem for the grammarian is to discover this system of rules ; the problem for linguistic theory is to discover general properties of any system of rules that may serve as the basis for a human language, that is, to elaborate in...
第 xiii 頁 - The advantage of the notional syllabus is that it takes the communicative facts of language into account from the beginning without losing sight of grammatical and situational factors.
第 10 頁 - Hymes provides us with a much broader definition of competence which is intended to account for the fact that a normal child acquires knowledge of sentences, not only as grammatical, but also as appropriate.
第 9 頁 - A grammar, in the traditional view, is an account of competence. It describes and attempts to account for the ability of a speaker to understand an arbitrary sentence of his language and to produce an appropriate sentence on a given occasion. If it is a pedagogic grammar, it attempts to provide the student with this ability; if a linguistic grammar, it aims to discover and exhibit the mechanisms that make this achievement possible.
第 147 頁 - the essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another
第 128 頁 - Since any event takes place in time, any event sentence can contain a time adverbial; since many kinds of events take place in specific locations, sentences representing such events can contain locative adverbials; and so on. Now when I say that meanings are relativized to scenes, what I mean is that we choose and understand expressions by having or activating in our minds scenes or images or memories of experiences within which the word or expression has a naming or describing or classifying function.
第 307 頁 - Let there be respect for the earth, peace for its people, love in our lives, delight in the good, forgiveness for past wrongs, and from now on a new start.