of the Spanish House of Bourbon and to prevent future Carlist outbreaks. But a great part of the people of Spain regard the experiment as a dangerous one, and look upon it as reactionary in the most extreme sense. The Republicans are more formidable in Spain than the Carlists; and this attempt to propitiate the medieval element can only result in stirring up to greater activity the modern and liberal masses. It became necessary, in order that the wedding might go on, to suspend civil government in Madrid and put General Weyler and his soldiers in full charge, under strict military law. A large part of the membership of Parliament made its disapproval

PRINCE CHARLES OF BOURBON AND HIS BRIDE.

of the wedding plainly manifest; and mobs and riots were innumerable throughout Spain. Wey. ler enforced a close censorship of the Madrid press. The trouble in Spain is by no means due to this royal wedding alone, but is connected with widespread industrial disturbances. The labor movement has taken on great activity, and strikes have been prevailing everywhere. There promises to be a working political alliance between the Socialists and the Liberals, and the outlook is not a calm one. There is intense feeling against the Jesuits, and Clericalism in general.

THE NEW CANOVAS MONUMENT AT MADRID.

Thus, if Carlism is no longer an immediate danger to Spain, socialism and republicanism are becoming a distinct menace to the existing order. In spite of political disquietude in Spain, there has of late been a fresh awakening of interest in matters of an artistic nature; and the monumental in architecture and sculpture continues to appeal strongly to the Spanish taste. As instances, we publish herewith small pictures of two statues recently erected, one in honor of the great statesman, Canovas, whose assassination is fresh in the American memory, conspicuously placed in Madrid; while the other is a statue in the quadrangle of the old university at Seville, in honor of a great educator, Rodrígo de Santaella, the founder of the university.

Austria's Chronic Troubles.

NEW STATUE OF RODRIGO DE SANTAELLA AT SEVILLE.

Conditions in the Austro-Hungarian empire have not been so turbulent as in Spain; but the new parliament, recently elected amid scenes of disorder and riot, has proved to be even more of a Babel and a bear-garden than its recent predecessors. Everything in Austrian politics seems to be tending toward violent extremes. The only thing upon which there is any semblance of agreement is a certain measure of loyalty and regard for the venerable emperor, Francis Joseph. In his address from the throne the Emperor intimated with a good deal of bluntness that if parliamentary institutions could not work better in the future than they had been working in the recent past, Austria might have to dispense with them. In other words, the throne itself is threatening Austria with a resumption of the absolutism of church and state that prevailed before the middle of the nineteenth century. The new election resulted in gains by the radical opponents of the clerical party, and in the relative growth of those "pan-German" cliques that more or less openly predict the break-up of Austria, and that are prepared to advocate union with the German empire. Hungary has been experiencing violent strikes.

by the German Emperor, was thoroughly distasteful to the German public and press. Some extreme expressions of this feeling were punished as lèse majesté with prompt rigor. An important German paper remarked last month that one reason for the Emperor's new cordiality toward England was to be found in the fact that whereas France, Russia, and the United States had wholly failed to live up to German expectations in the matter of accepting Count von Waldersee as unrestricted commander-in-chief in China, the English troops had obeyed the German Field Marshal implicitly by special instruction from Lord Salisbury, but for which von Waldersee's position would have been bitterly humiliating. German land-holding is largely that of the powerful aristocratic class; and this so-called Agrarian interest is now successfully demanding protection against the importation of food from Russia, America, and elsewhere. The great and rising Socialist party represents the manufacturing interest in the demand for free food from whatever source. The government, a good deal of the time, has been in the illogical position of trying to cater to both interests by self-contradictory policies. The German Emperor's

There was a roy

Other Topics al funeral at Viof the Month.

enna last month,

but outside of Southeastern Europe it attracted little attention. Milan, who had eleven years ago abdicated the throne of Servia, and who had recently been driven from the little kingdom by his own son and successor Alexander, died at the Austrian capital. The fickle Servians mobbed the palace at Sofia and objurgated the young King because he would not go to his father's funeral. The Emperor Francis Joseph and all the officers of his court and the high officials of the Austrian Government joined in paying funeral honors to the memory of Milan, who was buried at a convent in Hungary. Negotiations in China have not been making rapid progress, and little that is favorable can be reported for the month that comes under our survey. The Boers were active last month in guerrilla attacks on British soil in Cape Colony. The mortality among the British troops is great, and continues to average about 200 a week from disease. Numerous small engagements have not resulted in great loss on either side. On February 6 it was announced that the government would send 30,000 additional mounted troops to the aid of General Kitchener. In France the foremost topic has continued to be the pending law against the religious orders, which has been undergoing elaborate debate in Parliament, with very strong anti-clerical majorities. In Italy the Ministry of General Pelloux resigned on February 7, having been defeated in Parliament by test vote on the previous day. The rock on which it split was its arbitrary action in dissolving the labor exchange at Genoa. The new Cabinet, more in sympathy with the advanced labor movement, was announced on February 14, with Signor Zanardelii at its head.

PROCEEDINGS IN CONGRESS. January 21.-The Senate, in executive session, confirms the nomination of James S. Harlan as AttorneyGeneral for Porto Rico....The House refuses to concur in the Senate's amendments to the army reorganization bill; a conference committee is appointed.

January 22.-Both branches adopt resolutions of sympathy with the British people on the death of Queen Victoria....The Senate, in executive session, ratifies the treaty with Spain for the cession to the United States of the islands of Sibutu and Cagayan, of the Philippine group, at a cost of $100,000....The House passes the bill to send to the Court of Claims the Cramp claims, amounting to something over $1,300,000, for alleged damages on account of the Government's failure to furnish materials used in the construction of war-ships with sufficient promptness; the Senate bill to extend the placer-mining laws to saline lands is also passed.

January 23.-The Senate resumes consideration of the ship-subsidy bill....The House passes the District of Columbia appropriation bill.

January 24.-The war-tax-reduction bill, with many changes from the House schedule, and effecting a reduction of nearly $50,000,000, is reported in the Senate....The House votes down an amendment to strike out from the naval appropriation bill provision for two battleships and two cruisers.

January 25.-The Senate receives a message from President McKinley transmitting a report of the Taft Philippine Commission and recommending legislation....The House adopts the conference committee's report on the army reorganization bill and passes the naval appropriation bill.

January 26-The Senate considers the Indian appropriation bill ... The House considers the bill for the revision and codification of the postal laws.

January 28.-In the Senate, a petition is presented from leaders of the Federal party in the Philippines, praying for the establishment of civil government; Mr. Towne (Dem., Minn.) speaks in favor of granting independence to the Filipinos, and at the close of his speech his successor, Moses E. Clapp (Rep.), is sworn in as Senator....The House passes the bill to revise and codify the postal laws.

January 29.-The Senate passes the Indian appropriation bill and debates the ship-subsidy bill....The House debates the agricultural appropriation bill.

January 30.-The Senate continues debate on the shipsubsidy bill....The House passes the agricultural appropriation bill.

January 31.-The Senate, by a vote of 33 to 25, adopts the conference report on the army reorganization bill, which goes to President McKinley for his signature.... The House passes the fortifications appropriation bill. February 1.-In the Senate, amendments to the shipsubsidy bill are offered by its opponents....The House passes a bill to pay claims for property taken by the Union army in the Civil War.

February 2.—The Senate considers the ship-subsidy bill....The House debates the post-office appropriation bill.

February 4.-Both branches unite in the celebration of the centenary of John Marshall's inauguration as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court; addresses are made by Chief Justice Fuller and the Hon. Wayne MacVeagh....The House passes the Senate bill to create a commission to adjudicate the claims of United States citizens against Spain, so amended as to refer the claims to the Court of Claims; a bill is also passed to extend national bank charters for twenty years after 1902.

February 5.-The Senate passes the District of Columbia appropriation bill and begins consideration of the Military Academy appropriation bill, agreeing to the House amendment for the suppression of hazing....The House debates the post-office appropriation bill.

February 6.-The Senate passes the war-revenue-reduction bill, amended so as to levy a tax on so-called "bucket-shop" transactions, and the Military Academy appropriation bill.

February 7.-The Senate passes the pension appropriation bill....The House passes the post-office appropriation bill.

February 8.--In the Senate, Mr. Spooner (Rep., Wis.)` offers an amendment to the army appropriation bill vesting in the President power to govern the Philippines.... The House passes 184 private pension bills.

February 9.-In the Senate's consideration of the naval appropriation bill the provision for the construction of two battleships and two cruisers is stricken out ....The House debates the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill.

February 11.-The Senate passes the naval appropriation bill and, in executive session, confirms the nominations of General Miles to be lieutenant-general and Generals Young, Chaffee, and MacArthur to be majorgenerals....The House passes the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill and sends the war-revenuereduction bill to conference; Representative Babcock (Rep., Wis.) introduces a bill placing steel products on the free list.

February 12.-The Senate considers the agricultural appropriation bill....The House passes the army appropriation bill ($117,094,649).

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-AMERICAN. January 21.-The State Department at Washington issues a warrant for the surrender to the Cuban authorities of C. W. F. Neely, charged with embezzlement....Governor Odell transmits to the New York Legislature the report of the New York City charter revision commission, with a message advocating municipal economy.

January 23.-United States Senators are elected, or reëlected, as follows: Arkansas, James H. Berry (Dem.); Illinois, Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.); Kansas, Joseph R. Burton (Rep.); Minnesota, Knute Nelson (Rep.) for full term, and Moses E. Clapp (Rep.) for short term ; New Jersey, William J. Sewell (Rep.); North Carolina, F. M. Simmons (Dem.); South Dakota, Robert J. Gamble (Rep.); Tennessee, E. W. Carmack (Dem.); Texas, J. W. Bailey (Dem.); Utah, Thomas Kearns (Rep.); West Virginia, Stephen B. Elkins (Rep); and Wyoing, Francis E. Warren (Rep.).

January 29.-The bill providing for a single police commissioner in New York City, removable by mayor or governor, is passed by the Senate at Albany, by a vote of 31 to 14, after the defeat of an amendment striking out the clause giving power of removal to the gov

ernor.

January 30.-The Cuban Constitutional Convention votes to insert a clause in the constitution providing for universal suffrage....The Delaware Senate ratifies the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States....Sing

Sing Prison is condemned by the New York State Board of Health, on account of its unsanitary condition. February 2.-The army reorganization bill becomes law by President McKinley's signature; the War Department takes measures to put it in effect at once.

February 3.-Eighteen Creek Indians are placed in jail at Muskegee, Indian Territory, charged with trea

son.

February 4.-The Cuban Constitutional Convention, by a vote of 15 to 14, declares in favor of changing the method of electing the President from the popular vote to the system of an electoral college like that of the United States.... In execution of the army reorganization law the War Department orders the sale of beer, wine, and intoxicating liquors to be discontinued on all military reservations and army transports.

February 5.-The Assembly at Albany, by a strict party vote of 101 to 43, passes the bill for a New York City single-headed police commission, and the bill is sent to Mayor Van Wyck for his consideration....As lieutenant-general under the army reorganization law, President McKinley nominates Nelson A. Miles; as major-generals, Samuel B. M. Young, Adna R. Chaffee, and Arthur MacArthur; and as brigadier-generals, John C. Bates, Loyd Wheaton, George W. Davis, Theodore Schwan, Samuel S. Sumner, Leonard Wood, Robert H. Hall, Robert P. Hughes, George M. Randall, William A. Kobbé, Frederick D. Grant, and J. Franklin Bell....Henry E. Youtsey is sentenced in Kentucky to

MR. BALFOUR ANNOUNCING A MESSAGE FROM THE KING TO

THE COMMONS.

life imprisonment as a principal in the killing of William Goebel; he protests his innocence.

February 9.-The Cuban Constitutional Convention adopts the article of the proposed constitution refusing to recognize any debts contracted in the name of Cuba, except those contracted by the revolutionary party subsequent to February, 1895.

February 11.-The clause making Gen. Maximo Gomez eligible to the Presidency of the Cuban Republic is adopted by the Cuban Constitutional Convention, by a vote of 15 to 14.

February 12.-The Michigan Supreme Court holds that public franchises are taxable.

February 14.-President McKinley nominates Admirals Sampson and Schley and the other naval officers who took part in the battle of Santiago for advancement, and recommends that the thanks of Congress be voted to them.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-FOREIGN. January 21.-The debate on the proposed law governing associations continues in the French Chamber of Deputies, Premier Waldeck-Rousseau making an important speech on the measure.... .... King Oscar of

Sweden and Norway resumes the reins of government, which during his recent illness were intrusted to the Crown Prince.

January 22.-Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, dies at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, at 6:30 P.M.... The Bulgarian Cabinet resigns.

January 23.-The Prince of Wales arrives in London, and holds his first council as King, at St. James' Palace; the King takes the oath, and the councilors all swear allegiance; the British Parliament assembles; in the House of Lords the Lord Chancellor and the Peers take the oath to the new King, Edward VII., and in the Commons the Speaker and members do the same.

January 24.-The Prince of Wales is proclaimed King Edward VII. of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India, etc.

January 25.-In the British House of Lords, Lord Salisbury announces a message from the King; Lord Salisbury moves that an address of sympathy be presented to the King on the death of the Queen; in the Commons Mr. Balfour brings in the message from the King, which is read from the chair; Mr. Balfour moves the address to the King; the address is passed in both houses.

January 26.-Chancellor von Bülow announces in the Prussian Diet the government's intention to protect agricultural interests by raising duties.

January 29.-In the French Chamber the religious orders are defended by two priests; the amendments proposed by them are rejected by large majorities.

January 31.-The French Chamber passes clause 1 of the associations bill by 353 votes to 93.

February 1.-The body of Queen Victoria is taken from Osborne House, Isle of Wight, to Portsmouth, amid a great military and naval display.

February 2.-The body of Queen Victoria is conveyed from Portsmouth to London, and thence to Windsor Castle.

February 4.-The body of Queen Victoria is entombed at Frogmore Mausoleum. Windsor, beside that of the Prince Consort.... The Austrian Reichsrath is opened.

February 6.-In the Italian Parliament the government is defeated on a test vote.

February 7.-The wedding of Queen Wilhelmina of Holland and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin takes place.... The Italian ministry resigns.

February 8.-The British Government invites tenders for an issue of £11,000,000 of exchequer bonds, with interest, at 3 per cent.

February 14.-King Edward VII. opeus the British Parliament in person, reading his speech from the throne....The Princess of the Asturias is married at Madrid to Prince Charles of Bourbon....Martial law is proclaimed at Madrid because of popular disturbances aroused by the royal wedding....New Liberal Italian ministry formed under Signor Zanardelli.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.

January 27.-The German Emperor is appointed to be a field-marshal of the British army, the occasion being the anniversary of his birthday.

January 30.-The organization of The Hague Court of Arbitration for the adjustment of international disputes is announced.

February 2.-The Emperor of Germany, the kings of

January 22.-The foreign ministers meet in Peking and agree on a reply to the Chinese note.... The Russians finish handing over the Shan-hai-kwan Railway to the Germans.

January 23.-Admiral Alexeiff addresses a letter to Admiral Seymour complaining of the dispatch of a British gunboat to the Elliot and Blonde islands, on the ground that these are Russian territory.

January 25.-The Russians refuse to take any share in the fortifications of Ching-wan-tao.... Prince Ching and Li Hung Chang request the transfer of the Forbidden City to the Chinese, in order to prepare for the Emperor, but the powers refuse.

January 29.-Li Hung Chang and Prince Ching request the appointment of Shêng and Chang-fu to assist them in the negotiations. Count von Waldersee's plan for the evacuation of China by the foreign troops is submitted to the various governments.

January 30.-Missionaries at Peking ask the Ameri can and British representatives to see that aedquate protection is assured them in the negotiations.

February 2.-The Russian minister at Peking states that his government will refuse to consent to the execution of Prince Tuan.

February 6.-A list of twelve Chinese officials whose execution is demanded by the foreign ministers is made public at Peking.

MILITARY OPERATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA.

January 21.-The Boers attack the electric-light works at Brockpan and seriously damage the plant....A party of fifty Boers, unopposed, carry off eighty horses and other goods at Aberdeen, in Cape Colony.

January 22.-A special body of police, in number about twenty, surrender to the Boers at Devondale, fourteen miles north of Vryburg; the Boers take all the horses, saddles, and rifles, and then release the men.

January 23.-A train with Lord Kitchener and a number of troops going toward Middleburg is fired upon by the Boers; the British drive the Boers off.