Foreign nations-Congress to regulate commerce with, Art. 1, Sec. 8, Foreign powers-State prohibited from entering into compact with, Formation of new States-provisions for, 4, 3, 1. Form of government-States in Union to be guaranteed republican, 4. 4. States to be protected from invasion and domestic violence, 4, 4. Freedom of speech and of the press-guaranteed, Am. 1. from service or labor to be delivered up, 4, 2, 3. General welfare-purpose of Constitution to secure, Preamble. Gold and silver coin-restriction on States as to tender in payment, Government of States-republican form guaranteed, 4, 4. of protection of States from invasion and domestic violence, 4, 4. Habeas corpus-writ not to be suspended, unless, 1, 9, 2. Heads of departments-may be vested with power to appoint officers, President may require written opinions from, 2, 2, 1. High crimes and misdemeanors-removal of officers on impeach- House of Representatives-composed of members chosen every qualification of electors, 1, 2, 1. qualification of member, age, and residence, 1, 2, 2. State executives to issue writs of election, 1, 2, 4. shall choose speaker and other officers, 1, 2, 5. shall have sole power of impeachment, 1, 2, 5. shall judge elections, returns, and qualifications of its members. a majority to constitute a quorum, 1, 5, 1. less, may adjourn from day to day, 1, 5, 1. may determine its rule of proceeding, 1, 5, 2. may punish for disorderly behavior, or expel a member, 1, 5, 2. restriction on power to adjourn, 1, 5, 4. members not to be questioned for speech or debate, 1, 6, 1. members ineligible to offices created during their membership, 1, 6, 2. bills for raising revenue to originate in, 1, 7, 1. votes for President and Vice-President to be counted in presence when and how to choose President, Am. 12. vote to be taken by States, Am. 12. quorum in such case, what to constitute, Am. 12. House of Representatives-Continued. majority of States necessary to choice, Am. 12. disability to membership by participation in rebellion, Am. 14, 3. Congress may remove disability, Am. 14, 3. Immunities-privilege of member of Congress from arrest, 1, 10, 3. soldiers not to be quartered in time of peace, 3. no person to be twice in jeopardy for same offense, 5. who are citizens of United States, Am. 14, 1. privileges and immunities of citizens not to be abridged, Am. 14, 1. State not to deprive of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, Am. 14, 1. nor deny the equal protection of the law, Am. 14, 1. Impeachment -House to have sole power of, 1, 2, 5. Senate the sole power to try, 1, 3, 6. to be on oath or affirmation, 1, 3, 6. judgment, not to bar indictment and punishment, 1, 3, 7. Importation of slaves-restriction on power of Congress, 1, 9, 1. tax may be imposed, 1, 9, 1. Imports or exports-State shall not lay without consent of Congress, 1, 10, 2. of land by State, for use of Treasury, 1, 10, 2. shall be subject to revision of Congress, 1, 10, 2. Imposts and excises-Congress shall have power to lay and collect, 1, 8, 1. to be uniform throughout States, 1, 8, 1. Indian tribes-Congress to regulate commerce with, 1, 8, 3. Indictment, or presentment-essential to trial for capital or infamous crime, Am. 5. except in cases in land and naval forces and militia, Am. 5. Inferior courts-power of Congress to establish, 1, 8, 9. judicial power vested in, 3, 1. judges to hold office during good behavior, 3, 1. compensation not to be diminished during official term, 3, 1. Inferior officers-Congress may invest appointment of where they think proper, 2, 2, 2. Insurrections-Congress to provide for suppression of, 1, 8, 15. Inventors-Congress to pass laws to secure rights to, 1, 8, 8. Jeopardy of life and limb-person not to be twice subject to, Am. 5. Judges-of United States courts to hold office during good behavior, 3,1. compensation not to be diminished during term, 3, 1. in every State bound by Constitution, laws, and treaties of United States, 6, 2. Judgment in impeachment cases to extend only to removal from office, Art. 1. Sec. 3, ¶ 7. not a bar to indictment and trial at law, 1, 3, 7. Judicial power-Congress may constitute inferior tribunals, 1, 8, 9. lodged in Supreme and inferior courts, 3, 1. judges to hold office during good behavior, 3, 1. compensation not to be diminished during continuance in office, 3, 1. to extend to cases in law and equity, 3, 2, 1. to cases arising under Constitution, laws, and treaties, 3, 2, 1. to all cases affecting ambassadors, ministers, and consuls, 3, 2, 1. to all admiralty and maritime cases, 3, 2, 1. to controversies to which United States is a party, 3, 2, 1. to controversies between States, 3, 2, 1. to controversies between a State and citizens of another State, 3, 2, 1. or between a State or its citizens and foreign States or citizens, 3, 2, 1. in cases affecting ambassadors, etc., Supreme Court to have original jurisdiction, 3, 2, 2. in all other cases to have appellate jurisdiction, 3, 2, 2. trial of crimes, except in cases of impeachment, to be by jury,3,2,3. trial to be held in State where crime committed, 3, 2, 3. when not committed within State Congress may direct, 3, 2, 3. not to extend to cases against a State by citizens of another State or a foreign State, Am. 11. Judicial proceedings-of States, full faith and credit to be given to, 4, 1. manner of proving may be prescribed by Congress, 4, 1. Judicial officers-to be bound by oath to support Constitution, 6, 3. Jurisdiction-of Supreme Court, appellate and original, 3, 2, 2. of inferior tribunals, 1, 8, 9. Jury-trial of crimes except on impeachment to be by jury, 3, 2, 3. accused to have speedy and public trial by, Am. 6. suits at law where value over twenty dollars shall be tried by, Am. 7. fact not to be re-examined except by rules of common law, Am. 7. Just compensation-property not to be taken for public use without, Am. 5. Justice-purpose of Constitution to establish, Preamble. Labor-fugitives from, to be delivered up, 4, 2, 3. Land and naval forces-Congress may govern and regulate, 1, 8, 14. Law of the land-Constitution, laws, and treaties constitute, 6, 2. judges in every State bound by, 6, 2. Law of nations-offenses against, Congress may provide punishment for, 1, 8, 10. Laws-Congress may provide for execution of, 1. 8, 15. and of powers vested in Government or any department or officer, 1, 8, 18. judicial power to extend to all cases arising under, 3, 2, 1. Legal tender-State shall not make anything but gold and silver coin a, 1, 10, 1. Legislation-exclusive in Congress over District of Columbia, 1, 8, 17. and over places purchased for forts, arsenals, etc., 1, 8, 17. Congress to make laws necessary for operation of powers of Government, 1, 8, 18. may enforce article prohibiting slavery, Am. 13, 2. Legislation-Continued. may enforce Fourteenth Amendment, Am. 14, 5. Legislative power-to be vested in Congress, 1, 1. Letters of marque and reprisal-Congress may grant, 1, 8, 11. Liberty-purpose of Constitution to secure, Preamble. person not to be deprived of without due process of law, Am. 5. Loss of slave-claim for illegal and void, Am. 14, 4. Magazines, arsenals, etc.—Congress to have special legislation, 1, Majority of each House to constitute a quorum, 1, 5, 1. smaller number may adjourn, and compel attendance, 1, 5, 1. Members of Congress-and of State legislatures to be bound by oath, 6, 3. shall provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, 1, 8, 16. to execute laws, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, appointment of officers and training reserved to States, 1, 8, 16. right of people to bear arms not to be infringed, Am. 2. Money-Congress may borrow on credit of United States, 1, 8, 2. to be drawn from treasury only in consequence of appropriations, 1,9, 7. statement of receipts and expenditures to be published, 1, 9,7. Nations-power to regulate commerce with, 1, 8, 3. power to punish offenses against law of, 1, 8, 10. citizens by, to be citizens of United States and States where Naval forces-Congress shall make rules and regulations for, 1, 8, 14. New Hampshire-Representatives in first Congress, 1, 2, 3. New Jersey-Representatives in first Congress, 1, 2, 3. New States-may be admitted by Congress, 4, 3, 1. Art. 4 Sec. 3, ¶ 1. nor be formed by junction of two States without consent, 4, 3, 1. Nobility-titles of not to be granted by United States, 1, 9, 8. North Carolina-Representatives in first Congress, 1, 2, 3. Oath of office of President-form of, 2, 1, 7. Oath or affirmation-warrants to be supported by, Am. 4. religious test not to be required as a qualification for office, 6, 3. Objections by President-on return of bill, 1, 7, 2. Obligation of contracts-no State shall pass laws impairing, 1, 10, 1. Ofenses-against law of nations, Congress may provide punishment President may grant reprieves or pardons, 2, 2, 1. no person to be put twice in jeopardy, Am. 5. Office-who ineligible for member of Congress, 1, 6, 2. Senator or Representative not eligible for other office, 1, 6, 2. holder of not to accept present or emolument from foreign king, term of, of President and Vice-President, 2, 1, 1. of President, when to devolve on Vice-President, 2, 1, 5. who precluded from office of elector, 2, 1, 2. vacancy in, when may be filled by President, 2, 2, 3. who ineligible as Senator, representative, or Presidential elector, Officers-Congress may vest appointment of inferior officers where it removal on impeachment for certain crimes, 2, 4. of House of Representatives to be chosen by itself, 1, 2, 5. Opinion of officers-of Executive departments, may be required by Orders-resolutions and vote to be presented to President, 1, 7, 3. Pardons-President may grant except in cases of impeachment, 2, 2, 1. People-Constitution formed by, Preamble. right of peaceable assemblage shall not be abridged, Am. 1. to be secure in person and property from unreasonable seizures |