網頁圖片
PDF
ePub 版

Cardinals and reformers, statesmen and scholars, disported themselves in heroics, elegiacs, sapphics, iambics, and ĥendecasyllabics; the doctrines of natural philosophy were embodied in didactic poems, theological triumphs were celebrated in verse, the historical facts of Scripture formed the groundwork of epics and tragedies, the animosities of hostile critics vented themselves in satire, and the births and marriages of princes, and the great events of the age, regularly called forth a tribute of classical dolour or exultation. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries may be esteemed the great age of modern Latin poetry. Its cultivation, through causes which will easily suggest themselves to the reader, has declined; and while England and France, Holland, Italy, and Scandinavia, send forth poets, historians, philosophers, and theologians, in their native languages, Latin prose has become, in a great measure, confined to the commentaries and treatises of classical scholars, and Latin verse to prize poems and school exercises.

We do not intend here to speculate either upon the causes or the consequences of this decadence. That Latin composition will cease to be cultivated in the modern nations of Europe, we do not apprehend; circumstances appear to render it impossible; and certainly it would not be desirable. But we have no time to dwell on the various topics which the subject suggests to us.

Daniel Heinsius, best known as a critic, was, in his own time, of no small repute as a Latin poet. He was acquainted with many, or most of the great scholars of his time; and the small closely printed volume containing his poems, has at the end, by way of colophon, a gay pendant of laudatory verses by the Grotiuses, Dousas, and Scaligers of that age. He imitated almost all the Latin poets in turn, and seems more formed for a kind of free imitation than for original composition. His excellence consists in a small, but visible portion of talent, which pervades his verses, and gives to their best parts a pleasing and equable, though never a surpassing, beauty. Like some others, he seems every now and then to be for a moment on the verge of excellence, but disappoints the reader by forthwith sinking. There is a sprinkling of individual feeling in some of his pieces, which makes them not uninteresting.

His largest work is a didactic poem, in four books, " De Contemptu Mortis." The subject was a noble one, and it has in some degree elevated the writer. A solemnity pervades his expositions of the Platonic and the Christian tenets concerning death and the soul, which operates as a charm to those who are sensible to the grandeur of the subject.

The following lines, on the exalted nature of the soul, may be quoted as a fair specimen.

66

Ergo, non stellarum orbes, non lucidus æther,
Nec Lunæ albentes radii, aut Titanius orbis,

Quamquam igni illustris formoso ac cornibus aureis,
Et picturatum toties decurrit Olympumi,

Quantum animus, possunt, nec se illi aut sedula tellus
Audeat, aut vasti facies componere ponti.

Nec verò, immensus quanquam in se vertitur orbis
Ætheris aurati, terramque amplectitur omnem,
Quamquam tot populos urbisque ingentibus ulnis
Continet, includit meditantem assurgere, supra
Cœlum omne, & proprium naturæ accedere fontem,
Eternum cœli regem, vitæque parentein.
Præcipue, quoties altæ penetralia mentis
Ascendit, quoties in se divertitur ipse,

Aversatus opum splendorem, & commoda vitæ,
Et quos ambitio mendax suspirat honores."

p. 264.

The first lines of the following passage remind us strongly of a description of Young:

66

Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne,

In rayless majesty, now stretches forth

Her leaden sceptre o'er a slumb'ring world.
Silence, how dead; and darkness, how profound!
Nor eye, nor list'ning ear, an object finds;
Creation sleeps," &c.

"Nonne vides, quoties nox circumfunditur atra
Immensi terga Oceani terramque polumque,
Cum rerum obduxit species obnubilus aër,
Nec fragor impulsas aut vox allabitur aures,
Ut nullo intuitu mens jam defixa, recedit
In sese, & vires intra se colligit omnes ?
Ut magno hospitio potitur, seque excipit ipsa
Totam intus ceu jussa Deûm discumbere mensis.
Nam neque sic illam solido de marmore tecta,
Nec cum porticibus capiunt laquearia centum
Aurea, tot distincta locis, tot regibus apta,
Quæsitæque epulæ, Tyrioque instructus ab ostro:
Ut gaudet sibi juncta, sibique intenditur ipsa,
Ipsa sibi tota incumbens, totamque pererrans,
Immensa, immensam spatio, longeque patentem.
Seu dulces inter latebras Heliconis amœni,

Et sacram Phoebi nemorum divertitur umbram,
Fœcundum pleno exercens sub pectore numen :
Seu magno qui jam in populo dicturus, inerteis
Explorat voces, & verba decentia nectit,

Cuncta animo sæpe explorans, cuncta ante pererrans,
Quam linguæ temere officio committit, & oris.
Seu causas rerum occultas & semina volvit,
Et queis fœderibus conspiret maximus æther,
Neptunusque pater, tellusque, atque omnia giguant :
Siccaque concurrant liquidis, frigentibus ignea,
Quæ nunquam passa interitum volvuntur eodem

:

Ex aliis eademque manent, mutataque surgunt,
Sive altum virtutis iter subducit, & almas

Molitur leges, queis fortunata juventus

Pareat, ac pace imperium tutetur & armis."

The same book (the first) contains a happy imitation of Virgil's "Primus ego," &c.

clausæ

"Hoc opus, illustres animæ, dum corpore
Degitis, exercete, hoc jam considite portu,
Huc versam pelago è medio subducite puppim:
Heic supra populorum undas, & inertia vota,
Et regum solia, & dominorum assuescite sceptra,
Ire viam, terræ ignotam, & mortalibus ægris.

Primus ego, magna ingrediens sacraria vates,
Arboribus clausa, & circum obnubentibus umbris,
Aoniam qua nulla notant vestigia rupem,
Instituam lustrare animos rationis egentes,
Et secum exortam cœlo secedere mentem,
Præcipiam, licet in media tellure vagantem.
Atque heic depictæ facies in limine primo
Astabunt, fractis immanes cornibus amnes,
Cocytus, tristisque ardor Phlegethontis avari,
Et leti tremor, & nigri vis pallida leti.

Tum pulchri quæcunque animos sub nomine ducunt
Intexam, dum vita manet, dum corpus

inane

Volvimus, & primo ignari deflectimus ortu ;

Clari ingens operis vixque enarrabile textum."

The following description of Paradise is from Book IV.

"Illic sub tremulis argutæ frondibus auræ

Assidue suspirabant, & odoriferum ver
Spargebat tellus, spargebat lacteus aër.
In medio, fons purus aquæ, niveæque videri

[ocr errors]

Crystallo similis, formoso natus in horto;
Quatuor hinc totas atque hinc obeuntia terras,
Flumina fundebat, latis solatia campis.
Quippe illinc, musco virides, interque lapillis
Distincti niveis, certabant currere rivi,
Et tutos summo suadere in margine somnos.
Quorum temperie madidasque aspergine ripas,
Herbarum partu assiduo ridere putares.
Ridebant ripe, ridebat roscida tellus.

Nec pictæ florum facies, cantusque volucrum,
Usquam aberant, vallesque cavæ, collesque supini.
Ipsi autem, nullo contacti corda dolore,

Et vacui curarum, aut circum in gramine læto
Plaudebant choreas, aut fontes propter opacos,
Ignaros operum condebant carmine soles:
Aut rerum perculsi animo novitate, recentem
Naturæ genium, & magni primordia mundi,
Lustrabant, pictosque oculos flammantis Olympi:
Quotque dies, tanto surgentem corpore Solem,
Quantus cœlo ardet, flagrantem lampada volvens
Per spatium mundi immensum, vultumque comantem.
Necnon & terras animalia sparsa per omnes
Tum primum, primaque omnes ab origine causas.
At nimbos segetum, quos terra inculta ferebat,
Ambrosia tinctos succo & vitalibus auris,
Afflabant Zephyri errantes, messemque perennem,
Non sulco genitam, non curvæ falcis egentem,
Et sponte ex ipso manabant aëre mella."

p. 325.

The work concludes with an address to Christ, which

we will extract.

"Nam quamquam neque Tarpeias bellator ad arces

Ibis ovans, procul augusto comitante Senatu,

Murali neque tormento Mavortia rumpes
Moenia, nec clusas perrumpes ariete portas :
At raucum tonitru, quo fractus dissilit orbis
Terrarum pontusque tuum est. Tu, ardentibus astris
Transfixum, multo percurris fulmine mundum.
At Boreas tibi servit, at igni armatus & auro
Orion. At Pleïades, septemque Triones,
Nocte atra, sedesque tuas & limina servant.
At vero quacunque pedum vestigia figes,
At tua perculsi cessabunt nomina morbi,
Et cœco Pluton animas dimittet Averno.
At te, terribilis lethi Ditisque potentem,

Aërias equitantem auras, nubesque secantem,
Circum acies fusa aligerûm, atque exercitus omnis
Coelorum, qui nascenti se junxerat ante,
Eterna evectum Capitolî in sede locabit.
Excipietque iterum venientem, & nube serena
Fulgentem, nostrosque humeros, nostrosque lacertos.
Tum, simul horrisono fremitu tua buccina Gangen
Percurret gelidamque Helicen, mors tota remittet
Pallentes populos, & dulci luce carentes.

Salve autor, salve omnipotens, qui sanguine nobis
Effuso patriam peperisti, & munera vitæ.
Salve ingens lethi domitor: quem corpore toto,
Tertia lux nigris venientem excepit ab umbris.
Continuo fractam senserunt omnia mortem,
Jamque triumphatum penitus penitusque subactum
Audacem colubrum, morti qui vincula primus
Laxavit, totumque Erebo dimisit in orbem.

Hinc, lethi immemores, venturo incumbimus ævo,
Et vitæ egressi tenebris, donamur Olympo." p. 330.

His minor poems present a variety of metres and subjects, through part of which alone we have made our way— a book of satires in iambic metre, several books of elegies, poems on the nuptials of Grotius, the death of Turnebus, &c. &c. &c. The following ode is a pleasing imitation of Horace. Ad Reinerum Bontium, amicorum suavissimum, hospitem suum, discessurus: invidiam pasci in vivos, mortuis parcere. "Jam ter benignum ver aperit caput,

Et ter nivali sidere Jupiter

Ex

Decussit arbustis honorem,
Et viridem foliis juventam ;
quo beatis otia ducimus
Inscripta Musis, optime Reineri,
Et dura curarum perosi, et
Carnifices animi dolores.

Sæpe innocenti lætitia diem
Et non severi munera Liberi

Traxisse tecum, sæpe totas
Dulcibus eloquiis recordor
Junxisse noctes; candidus ingenî,
Et si quam amica fata dabunt viam,

Nec inclytæ pulchræque laudis,
Nec decoris moriturus expers.
Sed livor altis ceu comes additus
Incumbit ausis, nec timet igneas

« 上一頁繼續 »