Abacus, in primary schools, 111
Academy, imperial, see Hanlin Acad-
Action, social, develops morality, 143
Actions, six praiseworthy (Book of
Rites), 18
Administration, educational:
Chou dynasty, 26; Han, 36;
intermediate, 38, 39; T'ang, 40;
Sung, 45-47; Mongol, 52; Ming,
54, 55; Manchu, 59, 61; new Min-
istry of Education, 87-89; sub-
sidiary authorities, 89, note; regu-
lations of 1906, 90; national educa-
tional survey, 90; national inspec-
tion, 92; provincial and local sys-
tems before 1906, 94; 1906-11,
94-96; statistics (1911), 107-109;
control of text-books, 106; tempor-
ary policy of Republic, 111-113;
reorganization, 115-118; system
still provisional, 118; present status,
121-127, 133-135; suggestions for
future, 136-140, 144-162. See al-
so Age, school; Admission to
schools; Bureau, of education;
Bureau, educational; Centraliza-
tion; Conferences; Maintenance
of schools; Missions, educational,
Number of schools.
Admission to schools, Chou dynasty,
22-24:
first modern system: higher
primary, 80; middle and higher,
81; university and school of re-
search, 82; industrial schools, 84
system of 1912: primary, 102;
higher primary, middle, industrial,
normal, 118; girls' normal, 104;
preparatory department of higher
normal, professional school, univer-
sity, 118
Advisers, four kinds created by Min-
istry of Education, 88
Age, school, Chou dynasty, 24; Man-
chu, 60
Age-scale, system of 1912, 119
Aged, of the people, entertained in
college for lower education, 10,
and note, 16; of the state, in col-
lege for higher education, 10, and
note, 16
Agitators in India, a warning to
China, 164
Agricultural training schools, 84
Agriculture, treatises on, mentioned,
50; colleges of, 66;
first modern system: higher prim-
ary, 80; university, 82; industrial
teachers' training school, 84;
system of 1912: primary schools,
127, 173; normal, 129, 130, 174;
university, 123, 124; professional
school of, 124. See also Gardening
Aim of education, ancient, 14; in
Chou dynasty, 18; of primary
school, 80, 101; middle and higher,
81; normal, 83; industrial schools,
84; modern educational system of
China, 89; "language-made-easy"
school, 102; half-day school, 102;
as published in 1906 and in 1912,
114
Almanac, governmental, 116
Alphabet, Mongol, constructed, 51
America, number of Chinese students
(1910), 107. See also Missions,
educational; Students abroad.
Ancient education, aim, 14, 18; con-
tent, 10-13; method, 13-14; resem-
blance to that of the Renaissance,
163. See also Educational system
Ancient writings, burned, 30; sought
for, 32, 34
Anhui, inspected in 1909, 92; number
of modern schools and students
(1910), 156; in third inspectorial
division (1913), 116
Anthem, national, adoption discussed,
114
Appointments, official, of graduates
of higher schools, 89, note. See
also Degrees; Examination system.
Apprentice schools, 79, 84, 89, note,
119, 126
Archery, 13, 17; and a liberal educa-
tion, 18; studied in spring and
summer, 24; as preparation for
office, 27; examination in, 51, 56;
encouraged by T'ai Tsu, 54; in
school course, 59, 60
Architecture, in first modern school
system, 82; naval, 82
Arithmetic, use of abacus, 111; time
allotment in primary schools, 173.
See also Mathematics
Arms, technology of, in first modern
school system, 82. See also Arch-
ery; Military arts; Military science
Art, experts in Ministry of Educa-
tion, 115; professional school of,
124
Arts, six, corresponding to Trivium
and Quadrivium, 18; in encyclo-
pedia, 54
Association for
examination and
certification of teachers, origin
and growth, 158; for middle schools,
122; for normal schools, 126
Associations:
educational: unified and regu-
lated by Ministry of Education,
90; total number, 107; number in
certain provinces (1910), 108
teachers': needed, 170
Astronomy, schools of, Mongol dyn-
asty, 52; Ming dynasty, 56; in
encyclopedia, 54; in first modern
school system, 82; in system of
1912, 124
Athletics, and moral character, 143
Attitude, past and present, toward
education, 6
Aurore, a Catholic university, 137
Austria, number of Chinese students
(1910), 107. See also Missions,
educational; Students abroad
Authority, need for habits of sub-
mission to, 165
Bacteriology, in first modern school
system, 83
Banking, taught in first modern
school system, 82; in system of
1912, 124
Bannermen, 58, note; schools for
their children, 58, 60
Baron I, first minister of religion, 9
Bashpa, and Mongol alphabet, 51
Beginnings, of educational effort, 7;
of modern schools, 64-66
Belgium, educational bureau of Chi-
nese legation, 97; number of Chi-
nese students (1910), 107. See
also Missions, educational; Stu-
dents abroad
Bell, Chinese monitorial system re-
sembling that of, 37
Bibliography, 177-178. See also Data
Biology, in middle schools, 81; uni-
versity, 82; normal, 83. See also
Nature study
Biot, on school age in Chou dynasty,
24
Blind, administration of schools for,
121
Board of Civil Offices, 98
Board of Education, metropolitan,
duties, 89, note; 158; and social
education, 113
Boards, local, for the promotion of
education (1906), 90
Boards of Education, provincial,
before 1906, 94; in regulations of
1906, 90; organization and duties,
95; number (1910), 107
Board of Rites, and examinations,
75, 98. See also Ministry of Rites
Book of Rites, 11, 16, 17, 18-21;
on examinations, 23; on school
officers, 25; silent on education of
women, 20
Books, form of earliest Chinese, 8,
note
Books in English on Chinese educa-
cation, v
Botanical works, spoken of, 50
Botany, 123, 124. See also Biology
Boxer outbreak, effect on modern
education, 72; indemnity fund and
Shansi University, 73; scholarships,
97; 98, note
Boy's training and man's life, Chou
dynasty, 19
Bureau, of education, district, re-
places board of education, (1913)
118; of general education, duties,
116; of social education, duties,
112, 116; of technical or profession-
al education, duties, 116; educa-
tional, of Chinese legations in
foreign countries, 97; educational
exhorting, 96: number in certain
provinces and total number (1910),
108; of textbooks, 88. See also
Missions, educational; Students
abroad.
Bureaus (three) of Ministry of Edu-
cation under Republic, 115; duties
of each, 116
Buddhism, and education, Sung
dynasty, 48; and philosophy, 49;
in encyclopedia, 54
Buddhist temples, and modern schools
70, 72, 73, 147
Buddhists and classical education, 39
Building, course in, 124
Calendar, revised under Mongols, 51;
western, adopted by Republic, 132
Calligraphy, college of, 40; school
of, 46
Canton, school of languages, 89, note;
schools crippled by Revolution of
1911, 110
Career of boy and man, dynasty of
Chou, 19
Career of girl, dynasty of Chou, 20, 21
Catalog of Imperial Library, 59
Catholic missionary statistics (1912),
136, 137
Centralization, the policy of the
Chou dynasty, 28; discussed at
Emergency Conference, 114. See
also Decentralization
Ceremonial Rites of Chou, 11; on
education of women, 21; school
officers mentioned in, 25; on num-
ber of schools, 26
Certification of teachers, before and
after the Revolution, 158. See
also Teachers
Chang An, western capital, 43
Chancellor, literary, his duties and
assistants, 94; supervises certain
examinations, 62
Chang Chih Tung, introduces West-
ern education in Wuchang, 66;
his book advocating modern schools
70; sends students to study abroad,
76; advises sending older students
abroad, 77; member of Commis-
sion to plan national public school
system, 78; advocates gradual
abolition of examination system, 86
Chang Pai Hsi, advises sending
older students abroad, 77; member
of Commission to plan national
public school system, 78; advo-
cates gradual abolition of examina-
tion system, 86
Chang Tsai, philosopher, 49
Character, Chinese, effect on insti-
tutions, 34; moral, school devel-
opment of, 141-143
Chart, showing first modern school
system, 70; showing school system
as reorganized in 1913, 119
Charioteering, and a liberal educa-
tion, 18
Chefoo Naval Academy, 89, note
Chekiang, inspected in 1909, 92;
number of modern schools and
students, (1910), 156; in third
inspectorial division of 1913, 116;
sends many students abroad, 107
Chemistry, plea for its emphasis in
Hanlin Academy, 75; in first
modern school system, 81-83; agri-
cultural, 82
under the Republic: in middle
schools, 128, 129, 174; in normal,
129, 130, 175, 76; in university,
123; agricultural, 124; industrial,
124
Chemical engineering, 82
Chen Kuang Sheng, students of
highest standing, 61
Cheng brothers of Sung dynasty, 49,
Cheng Chien, college of perfection
and equalization, 15, 16, 17;
amalgamated with new Ministry
of Education, 88. See also Kuo
Tzu Chien
Cheng Hao, philosopher, 49
Cheng Hsüan, on monitorial schools
of Han dynasty, 37; re-interprets
the classics, 48
Cheng I, philosopher, 49
Cheng Wu Ch'u, and creation of
Ministry of Education, 87
Chentu, schools crippled by Revolu-
tion of 1911, 110
Ch'i and li, matter and force, 49
Chien Sheng, students of Imperial
Academy, 60
Chien Sung, patron of letters, 59
Chien Ting Wei Yüan Hui, certi-
ficating authority in provinces
under Republic, 158
Chih Chü, form of selecting officials,
41
Child life, dynasty of Chou, 19, 20
Chili, meaning as applied to ting
and chou, 95
Chili, viceroy asks for physical
science in examinations, 66; sends
many students abroad, 107; educa-
tional progress, 108; proportion
of children of school age in school
(1909), 149; number of modern
schools and students (1910), 156;
in first inspection division of
1913, 116
Chin dynasty, 15-32
Chin Lan Pin, and first educational
commission to America (Yale), 67
Chin Shih, promoted scholar, quali-
fications for, 27, 42; conferred by
military examination, 44; qualifi-
cations for, under Sungs, 47;
given in Chin language, 50; re-
lation to other degrees, 62; awarded
to graduates of modern schools,
75; modern school for holders of,
85; conferred upon students return-
ed from abroad 98; its present
meaning, 99
Ch'in Shih Huang, becomes emperor,
30; orders burning of classics, 30;
his other acts, 32; his decrees
reversed, 34
Chin Shih Kuan, school of doctors,
79, 85
Chin T'ien Chien, imperial obser-
vatory, 52, 61
Chinese, reason for long delay in
their development of science, xi;
summary of their achievements, xii
value of a history of their educa-
tion, 1; Chinese abroad, and Emer-
gency Educational Conference, 113
Chinese education, recent books in
English on, v
Chinese language, see Language
Chinese Maritime Customs, educa-
cational duties, 89, note
Ching, 27
Ching Tu Hsüeh, dynasty of T'ang,
41
Ching Wei Wu Hsüeh, school for
sons of military officers, 55
Chino-Japanese war, effects upon
educational reform, 69
Chins, educational conditions among,
50
Chio Lo, Manchu nobles, 60
Chio Lo Hsüeh, schools for Manchu
nobles, 60
Cho, dance, dynasty of Chou, 19
Chou, district, 17, and note; depart-
ment, instituted by Wu-ti, 35,
note; relation to other adminis-
trative units, 95, note
Chou dynasty, 15-32; examination
means appointment, 44
Chou Hsüeh, departmental schools,
55, 61
Chou-li, see Ceremonial Rites of Chou
Chou Kung, one founder of Chou
dynasty, 15
Chou Tun I, philosopher, 49
Chou-tzů, officer with educational
duties, 25
Chu Hsi, influence of, 49, 57
Chü Jen, relation to other degrees,
62; given in Chin language, 50; to
graduates of modern schools, 75;
to students returned from abroad,
98
Chu River, Confucius's school on, 30
Ch'uan Hsüeh P'ien, and its wonder-
Ch'uan Hsüeh So, educational ex-
horting bureau, 96; district board
of education, abolished in 1913, 117
Ch'uan Hsüeh Yüan, educational
promoter, 96
Chuang Tzu, philosopher, 42
Chun, prefecture, 35, note
Chun Ti, emperor, 52
Chung Cheng, officers to select candi-
dates for office, 39
Chung Huan Hsüeh, Taoist colleges,
42
Chung Wen Kuan, educational insti-
tution, 40
Circuit schools, 52
Civics, in middle schools, 81, 128,
174; normal, 129, 130, 175, 176.
See also Civil government
Civil engineering, 82
Civil government, and earliest mod
ern colleges, 70; and the examina-
tion system, 71; and Hanlin Acad-
emy, 75. See also Civics; Econo-
mics; Government, courses in;
Political economy; Political science
Civil service examination system,
see Examination system
Civilization of China, zenith of, 15
Clan schools, 102
Classics, early admiration of, 6;
whole content of education, 31, 34;
and Ch'in Shih Huang, 30, 32;
professors of, 36; and the candi-
dacy for degrees, 42, 51; enthusias-
tically studied, 45; re-interpreted
and unified, 48; translated into
Chins, 50; translated into Mongol,
51; new edition of the thirteen Con-
fucian, 59; in first modern school
system, 80-83; in primary schools,
94, 100; still dominating in the edu-
cational system, 100; comparison
with western struggle against, 100;
emphasized in one course of middle
schools, 103; to be entirely elimi-
nated from primary schools, 111,
127, 128; time allotment in revised
curriculum, 100, 101, 175, 176;
moral effects of training in, 141
Co-education debated, 94
College, for lower education, 9, 15-18,
36, 37, 55; for higher education,
9, 15-18, 36, 37, 55; of the
east, 9; of the west, 9; of the
left, 9; of the right, 9; of perfec-
tion and equalization, 15-18, 25;
Pau Kung, in capital cities, 17;
of philosophy, 38; of scholars, 38;
for sons of the state, 38; of history,
38; of graduate scholars, 38; of
literature, 38; having professors
of the five classics, 38; national,
38, 45; Taoist, 42; imperial, the
nursery of high functionaries, 43;
professors poorly paid, 43; of
four gates re-established, 45; of
medicine, 52; medical, for the
army, 66; provincial, 52; of tele-
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