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be even destroying the happiness of the families around us, are all, however melancholy in themselves, on the side of the Christian philanthropist!" And this reflection may be extended from our own parish, or our own country, to the wide surface of the globe. As wars and rumours of wars gather around us as storms darken upon whatever point of the political horizon we cast our eye-it is indeed cheering to hope that these storms are carrying on their wings the seed of the Gospel, to scatter it over the dark mountains of Mohammedanism

and idolatry. Little seems as yet, indeed, to be done. And yet the world has probably made more moral progress in the last thirty years than in the three centuries which preceded them. And every day gives us larger promise that the Christian minister at home and abroad, with affection in his heart and the Bible in his hand, will be making more and more successful inroads on the strong places of the human heart, and bringing back larger and larger spoils to cast at the feet of his Heavenly Master.

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE,

&c. &c.

GREAT BRITAIN. PREPARING for publication :-The Miscellaneous Tracts of Dr. Withering, by W. Withering;-Europe, by a Citizen of the United States; - History and Manners of Japan, by M. Titsinghi; Au Atlas of Ancient Geography, by Dr. S. Butler;-Memoirs of the Life of the Rev. Joseph Benson, Author of "Notes on the Holy Scriptures," and other Theological Works; by the Rev. James Macdonald.

In the press :-A Tour through Belgium, by the Duke of Rutland, embellished with plates after drawings by her Grace the Duchess;-Elements of Self-knowledge, by the Rev. T. Finch; -A Celestial Atlas, by A. Jamieson;A Mother's Portrait sketched for the Study of her Children, by their sur viving Parent.

The excellent❝Sunday-school Tracts" originally published separately, may now be had in three volumes, to form part of Kitchen and Cottage Libraries. Seventyfive of these tracts were entirely original, from the pen of the Rev. H. G. Watkins; the remainder were curtailed or enlarged, and in a great measure rewritten, by the same author, with a view to fill a half sheet, and to make the style uniform. There have been already 286 editions of the 108 tracts, most of them consisting of 6,000 copies, so that nearly one million and a half have been printed. Ten, also, of a new

series of Tracts have been since written by Mr. Watkins, for the St. Swithen's Association; suited for distribution by country clergymen, at marriages, bap tisms, deaths, sickness, &c. They are sold very cheaply, and subscribers to the above association may have twothirds of their subscriptions returned in tracts.

OXFORD.

The following subjects are proposed for the Chancellor's Prizes, for the ensuing year; Latin Verses-“ Alpes ab Annibale snperatæ." English Essay"On the Study of Moral Evidence." Latin Essay-" An re vera, prævaluerit apud Eruditiores Antiquorum Polytheismus." Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize for the best composition in English Verse, not con. taining either more or fewer than fifty lines, "Palmyra.”

Shortly will be published, several different sized editions of the Holy Bible, with three hundred engravings, copied by Mr. Craig, from the designs of the great masters in the different schools of painting. For Pocket Bibles, impressions of one hundred and fifty, or upwards, of the best subjects, will be taken on India paper as proofs. Also, Ornamental Testaments, and Common Prayer-books will be prepared of every size, from the large octavo to the small 32mo, illustrated with engravings.--For reign booksellers and Missionary So. cieties may be supplied with sets of

the engravings with inscriptions in any language for the ornament and illustration of Bibles and Testaments. The advance of price above common Bibles, Testaments, and Prayer-books will be from one to five or six shillings.

ITALY.

The sculptor Canova has been employed on a statue of General Washington, representing him as writing his farewell address. He is seated in an ancient Roman chair, holding in one hand a pen and in the other a scroll. The costume is Roman; consisting of a close vest and bracæ, with a girdle, upon which are displayed classical emblems.

NORTH AMERICA.

In the Arctic Land Expedition, Lieutenant Franklin proceeded from York Factory towards the intended wintering ground at Cumberland, a distance of about 900 miles from the coast. Lieutenant Franklin, Dr. Richardson, Mr.Back, and Mr. Hood, attended by some Orkneymen who had been engaged to man the boats in the rivers of the interior, and who understood the language of many of the Indian tribes, left the factory on the 7th of September, 1819. As the travellers advanced, the mild season not having yet begun to disappear, vast herds of grey decr were observed passing the rivers towards the Esquimaux lands. They entered upon Lake Winnipie, at the farther side of which they had to encounter the grand rapid, extending nearly three miles, and abounding in obstructions quite insurmountable. Here they were obliged to drag their boats on shore, and carry them over the land. The woods along the banks were in a flame, it being the custom of the natives, as well as of the traders, to set fire to the trees, for

the double purpose of keeping off the cold and the wolves. The expedition passed several other rapids and falls, along a flat, woody, and swampy country, across which the eye could not see five miles. After a tedious journey of forty-six days, the dangers and distresses of which rather increased than dimi nished as they advanced, the expedition arrived at Cumberland, a post situated on the banks of a beautiful lake, and fortified against the incursions of sawages, the attacks of wolves and bears, and the more ferocious assaults of rival traders. Here the winter of 1819 was passed. In June 1820 they set forward in canoes manned by Canadians. On the 29th of July they arrived at the north side of Slave Lake. A party of Copper Indians was engaged to accompany them, and they commenced the work of discovery. On the 1st of September they reached the banks of the Copper Mine River, in lat. 55°. 15'. N., long. 113°. W., a magnificent body of water two miles wide. They had penetrated into a country destitute of wood, and the men were exhausted with the labour of carrying their canoes, cargoes, &c. amounting to three tons, from lake to lake. Their broken spirits were revived by success; but the season was too far advanced to make farther progress. They therefore returned to a small wood of pines, and erected their winter residence of mud and timber, which they named Fort Enterprize. By Indian report, the above river runs into the Northern Sea, in west longitude 110°, and in in lat. 72o. In June, 1821, they proposed to re-embark, and it was supposed that the river would enable them to reach the sea in a fort. night.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THEOLOGY.

A Treatise on the Covenant of Works; by John Colquhoun, D. D. Minister of the Gospel, Leith. 4s. 6d.

Six Discourses preached before the University of Oxford; by T. Linwood Strong, D.D. 8vo. 6s.

MISCELLANEOUS.

A Grammar of the Sunscrit Language on a New Plan; by the Rev. W. Yates; printed at the Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, 21. 10s. or royal 41.

No, I. Vol. II. of Gothic Architecture, selected from Edifices in England; by M. Pugin, 4to. 17. 18.

Architectural Antiquities of Rome, in 130 engravings; by G. L. Taylor CHRIST. OBSERV, No. 241.

and E. Cresy, to consist of 12 Numbers, imperial folio, 17. 11s. 6d. each.

Architecture, from the Earliest Times; by J. Elmes. 8vo. 12s.

Account of the Borough of Preston; by M. Tulket, six engravings. 12mo. 10s. 6d.

Two Voyages to New South Wales and Van Dieman's Land; by Thomas Reid, Surgeon, R. N. 1 vol. 8vo.

A Catalogue of Scarce Books in Theology and Metaphysics; by W. Clark, Aldersgate-street.

Baldwyn's Catalogue of Second-hand Books. 1s. 6d.

Part. I. of Longman and Co.'s Cata logue of curious and scarce Books.

H

Lackingtou and Co's. Catalogue for Schoolmasters, &c.

Star Tables for the year 1822. by T. Lynn, royal 8vo. 10s.

Solar Tables; by the same. 10s. Annual Biography and Obituary for the year 1822. 8vo. 15s.

Rational Amusement; or two hundred Puzzles in Arithmetic, Geometry, Geography, &c.; by J.Jackson, 12mo. 4s. 6d. History of Lithography, 4to. 11. 6s. New Edinburgh General Atlas; con. sisting of 48 Plates, Including every New Discovery, or recent Alteration. 31. 3s.

The World in Miniature; by F. Shoberl. 6 vols. 18mo. coloured plates, 21. 2s.

History of Greece, by E. Baldwin, Esq. 58.

Memoirs of Scotland, from the Restoration of King Charles II.; by Sir G. Mackenzie of Rosehaugh.

The Naval History of Great Britain, from 1793 to 1820; by Wm. James, 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 16s.

The Geometrical Analyses and Geometry of Curve Lines: by J. Leslie, Esq. 8vo. 16s.

A Course of Mathematics; by Hoené Wronski. 4to.

A Practical Treatise on Propelling Vessels by Steam. 8vo. 11.

Time's Telescope for 1822; 12mo. 98. Anecdotes, accompanied with Observations, to furnish Entertainment and Instructions; by J. Thornton. 2 vols. 88. Zoological Illustrations; by W. Swainson, F. R. S. Vol. I. 21. 18s. 6d.

The Shell Collector's Pilot; by J. W. Mawe. 18mo. 5s.

A Natural History of Lily-shaped Animals, by J. S. Miller. 4to. 21. 12s. 6d.

May you like it. 12mo. 6s.

Happiness: a Tale for the Grave and the Gay, 2 vols. crown 8vo. 12s. Poetical Essays on Pope; by C. Lloyd. 12mo. 3s.

Specimens of the German Lyric Poets. 10s. 6d.

The Sunday School; a Poem; by A. Watmough. 3s. 6d.

Prize Poems of Trinity College, Dublin, on the Coronation of George IV.; by F. Morrison, A. B. 8vo. 2s.

Elements of Political Economy; by J. Mill, Esq. 8vo. 8s.

A Collection of the Treaties at present subsisting between Great Britain and Foreign Powers; by L. Herslet, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Eight Missions of the Society, passing

THE Committee of the Church MissionarySociety commenced theirTwenty-first Report with a few pages of remarks; in which, among other points, they acknowledge the services of various friends of the institution; they urge the formation of new associations, wherever practicable and expedient, and the donation of standard books to the libraries of the Society's Missions; they state that the receipts for the year had been 31,0001., and the disbursements 32,0001.; that two hundred persons were employed by the Society in its benevolent objects, and not less than ten thousand children were under instruction under its auspices; that out of many persons who had offered their services to the Society, eleven had been accepted, three of whom were studying at Trinity College, Dublin; and that William Bowley, of Chunar, and Abdool Messeeh, of Agra, had been ordained Lutheran ministers. The Committee then proceed to survey the

from Western Africa, by the Mediterranean, to the Northern, Southern, and Western Missions of India; and returning, by Ceylon and Australasia, to the West Indies. Our abstract in the present Number, will be confined to the first of these stations; namely,

THE WEST-AFRICA MISSION. In reference to this sphere of the Society's exertions, the Committee allude to an Act lately passed, to abolish the African Company, to vest its possessions in the Crown, and to annex these possessions, and all others which may belong to his majesty between the twentieth degree of North Latitude and the twentieth degree of Sonth Latitude, to Sierra Leone. All the British possessions on this coast, scattered throughout forty degrees of latitude, will be thus placed under the colonial administration of the Governor of Sierra Leone, at present Sir Charles MacCarthy, who has manifested a uniform determination to em

ploy his power for the destruction of

the Slave Trade, and the melioration of conceive the difficulties which have Africa.

The Banana Islands, which lie off the south-western coast of Sierra Leone, have been transferred to the British Crown. The family of the Caulkers, the native chiefs to whom they belonged, have considerable possessions and influence in the Sherbro, and are ready to give their best assistance to the improvement of Africa, and would willingly receive and countenance Christian teachers. An opening for the extension of the Society's labours much further down the coast had also been suggested; namely, at Fernando Po, an island a little north of the line, and on the neighbouring shores of the conti

nent.

Colony of Sierra Leone.

This colony had made considerable advances in population and strength. Its cultivation and its commerce are rapidly increasing; and it bids fair, from its augmenting intercourse with the interior, to afford the best opportunities for ascertaining the condition of those unexplored regions, and for communicating to them Christianity and its attendant blessings.

The

From the returns it appeared that to the 9565 inhabitants at the beginning of 1919, there were added, up to July the 8th of 1820, 2944; making a total of 12,509, exclusive of the military and their families. This increase consists of liberated Negroes, and discharged native soldiers with their families. The addition of four settlements of Negroes to those previously formed in the colony was stated in the last Report. number of parishes was, at the last returns, fourteen. The object of the Governor, in this increase of settlements, was not only the accommodation of the new inhabitants, but the extension of cultivation. It was his design also to make provision for the reception of those natives, whom the vigilance of his majesty's navy seemed likely to rescue, in increasing numbers, from their oppressors. From January 1, 1819, to July 6, 1820, there were in the colony, 455 marriages; 571 births; and 1261 baptisms of adults and infants; and, at the latter date, there were 2097 children and adults under education. The total number of marriages celebrated in the colony amounts to 1374.-Sir George Collier bears strong testimony to the great improvement of the colony. "It is hardly possible," he remarks," to

been surmounted in bringing the colony of Sierra Leone to its present improved, Roads and still very improving, state.

are cut in every direction, useful for communication: many towns and villages are built; and others, as the Black population increases, are building: more improvement, under all circumstances of climate and infancy of colony, is scarcely to be supposed. I visited all the Black towns and villages, attended the public schools, and other establishments; and I never witnessed in any population more contentment and happiness. The manner in which the public schools are here conducted reflects the greatest credit on those concerned in their prosperity; and the improvement made by the scholars proves the aptitude of the African, if moderate pains be taken to instruct him. I have attended places of public worship in every quarter of the globe; and I do most conscientiously declare, never did I witness the ceremonies of religion more piously performed, or more devoutly attended to, than in Sierra Leone."

The Chief Justice also expresses the delight with which he had witnessed the worship of the liberated Negroes at their establishments in the interior of the colony; and congratulates the Society on the success of its exertions to diffuse the light of the Gospel over the darkness of Africa.

The influence of religion is also widely extending itself within the colony. We shall extract a few particulars on this subject, from the reports received from different parishes in the colony in which the Society's agents are located.

From Freetown, the late instructress wrote, a short time before her death;"We have now 137 girls in the school. I never found children in England more teachable, or so anxious to learn. They seem much attached to me, and I feel great love to them." The whole number of scholars in the schools at this place, was about 500. The attendance during the rains was more regular than usual; there being occasion to omit school only three days on account of them. A Sunday-school had been opened, and about 120 boys, girls, and adults, attended. A Missionary Association had been formed among the boys, who had begun to collect about 10l. per annum.

At Kissey, another station for recaptured Negroes, the number of boys in

the schools had varied from 60 to 66, and that of girls from 55 to 60. Some of the boys had been put to trades, and several of the elder girls had married. Cultivation is rapidly advancing in this parish. Sir Charles MacCarthy states, that the whole of the country round Kissey is in a state of very good cultivation. There are, in every direction, extensive fields of rice, in a very for ward state. The cassada and ground. nut fields also promised an abundant harvest. The parish would not only supply sufficient produce to meet its own wants, but would furnish its neighbours, it was expected, with every description of produce at present cultivated in the peninsula. The church, school rooms, and rector's house were in a state of forwardness: the church is a handsome building, and will afford accommodation to one thousand persons. We must pass over many pleasing statements from Waterloo, Kent, Charlotte, Leopold, Gloucester, and Wil. berforce, to collect a few particulars respecting the state of Regent's Town.

The native assistants of the mission at this place, William Tamba and William Davis, improve themselves in the day, and in the evenings and on Sundays visit their countrymen in the neighbourhood. David Noah renders great assistance to Mr. Johnson in the schools and in visit ing the sick.

A connected view of the progress of this mission during the last year, is given in Mr. Johnson's reports to the meetings of chaplains and missionaries, The following are a few passages from these reports.

"The communicants are going on better than perhaps could be expected, As far as I can ascertain, they are generally growing in grace, and in the know. ledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. There are some whose conduct is not altogether consistent; but there is nothing unaccountable in that. When a child first begins to walk, it will frequently stumble. There is, however, not one of these people but will, when detected in his weakness, express deep sorrow on account of his inconstancy. Three have been excommunicated, until their conduct shall agree with their profession. One died in the faith last Sunday: the last words which I heard him speak were, 7 I depend on nothing else save the blood of Jesus!'"

A few months after, Mr. Johnsou writes

"It has pleased the God of all grace' to carry on the work of mercy, which demands our praise and gratitude.

"The number of communicants, which amounted to 254 on the 26th of March, has increased to nearly 300. On the first Sunday in July, I baptized 16, and on the first Sunday of this month, 23 adults; who, so far as I can judge, are partakers of Divine grace. Since then, about 80 persons have made application for baptism: these I examined, and received 36 of them, who are now under a course of instruction, and will, if it please God, be baptized at a future period.

"The whole of the inhabitants of Regent's Town attend Divine worship very regularly, except two or three families, which still reside at a distance on their farms, and live in their country fashion but it is to be hoped that they, like many others, will, through the grace of God, come and hear the Gospel. They have promised to build at Regent's Town, when the rains have abated.

"All the communicants continue to attend the Lord's Supper every first' Sunday of thẻ mónth, unless sickness prevents them. Their general conduct is more consistent: more peace and harmony are exercised and experienced. A few were reported by me as having backsliddeu; and three or four have since fallen into errors and sin; but I am happy to say, that most of them have returned with deep humility."

"Three communicants have put off this mortal, and have put on immortality. I trust I can say that they died in the faith. When the hour of dissolution drew nigh, they expressed their firm belief in the Lord Jesus Christ.

"Last month the half-yearly meeting of the Benefit Society was held. This Society consists of none but communicants. The contributions and donations for six months amounted to 11. 7s. 11d. of which 117. 4s. 6d. were expended for the sick and for women in their confinement.

"The school-house for the girls (a stone building, two stories high, 73 feet by 30, the piazza included) is finished; and one of the same size, for the boys, is in a state of forwardness. The inside of the church, and part of my house, are also finished.

"As respects cultivation, much has heen done. Cassada, cocoa, Indiancorn, &c. we have in great abundance: 8352 bushels of cassada were sold to

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