Minds behind the Brain : A History of the Pioneers and Their Discoveries: A History of the Pioneers and Their DiscoveriesOxford University Press, USA, 2000年3月2日 - 384 頁 Attractively illustrated with over a hundred halftones and drawings, this volume presents a series of vibrant profiles that trace the evolution of our knowledge about the brain. Beginning almost 5000 years ago, with the ancient Egyptian study of "the marrow of the skull," Stanley Finger takes us on a fascinating journey from the classical world of Hippocrates, to the time of Descartes and the era of Broca and Ramon y Cajal, to modern researchers such as Sperry. Here is a truly remarkable cast of characters. We meet Galen, a man of titanic ego and abrasive disposition, whose teachings dominated medicine for a thousand years; Vesalius, a contemporary of Copernicus, who pushed our understanding of human anatomy to new heights; Otto Loewi, pioneer in neurotransmitters, who gave the Nazis his Nobel prize money and fled Austria for England; and Rita Levi-Montalcini, discoverer of nerve growth factor, who in war-torn Italy was forced to do her research in her bedroom. For each individual, Finger examines the philosophy, the tools, the books, and the ideas that brought new insights. Finger also looks at broader topics--how dependent are researchers on the work of others? What makes the time ripe for discovery? And what role does chance or serendipity play? And he includes many fascinating background figures as well, from Leonardo da Vinci and Emanuel Swedenborg to Karl August Weinhold--who claimed to have reanimated a dead cat by filling its skull with silver and zinc--and Mary Shelley, whose Frankenstein was inspired by such experiments. Wide ranging in scope, imbued with an infectious spirit of adventure, here are vivid portraits of giants in the field of neuroscience--remarkable individuals who found new ways to think about the machinery of the mind. |
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內容
A Voyage Across Time | 1 |
The Dawn of Neurology | 7 |
The Brain as the Organ of Mind | 21 |
The Birth of Experimentation | 39 |
The New Human Neuroanatomy | 53 |
The MindBody Problem | 69 |
The Functional Organization of the Brain | 85 |
Electricity and the Nerves | 101 |
Clinical Neurology Comes of Age | 177 |
From Nerve Nets to Neuron Doctrine | 197 |
The Integrated Nervous System | 217 |
Coding in the Nervous System | 239 |
The Discovery of Neurotransmitters | 259 |
From Neural Growth to Split Brains | 281 |
18 Pioneers and Discoveries in the Brain Sciences | 301 |
Notes | 311 |
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acetylcholine anatomist anatomy Andreas Vesalius animals autopsies axons began body brain Broca C. S. Sherrington Cajal century cerebellum cerebral cortex Charcot chemical clinical corpus callosum cortical localization David Ferrier Descartes described discoveries disease disorder dissections dogs E. D. Adrian electricity experimental experiments Ferrier fibers FIGURE findings frontal functions Galen Gall Gall's Galvani Gasser Golgi Greek H. H. Dale heart Hippocrates Hippocratic Hitzig human idea Imhotep important Jean-Martin Charcot Journal of Physiology laboratory later learned lectures left hemisphere lesions Levi-Montalcini lobes Loewi London medicine mind monkeys motor cortex movements muscle nerve cells nervous system Neurology neurons organs Otto Loewi Oxford papyrus Paris patients Paul Broca phrenology physicians pineal gland R. W. Sperry reflex René Descartes right hemisphere Royal Society Salpêtrière scientific scientists sensory showed skull soul speech spinal cord spirits Spurzheim stimulation sympathetic synapse theory thought tions University Press ventricles Vesalius wrote