Beyond Rationality: The Search for Wisdom in a Troubled TimeOxford University Press, 2007年1月4日 - 368 頁 With Beyond Rationality, Kenneth R. Hammond, one of the most respected and experienced experts in judgment and decision-making, sums up his life's work and persuasively argues that decisions should be based on balance and pragmatism rather than rigid ideologies. Hammond has long focused on the dichotomy between theories of correspondence, whereby arguments correspond with reality, and coherence, whereby arguments strive to be internally consistent. He has persistently proposed a middle approach that draws from both of these modes of thought and so avoids the blunders of either extreme. In this volume, Hammond shows how particular ways of thinking that are common in the political process have led to the mistaken judgments that created our current political crisis. He illustrates this argument by analyzing penetrating case studies emphasizing the political consequences that arise when decision makers consciously or unconsciously ignore their adversaries' particular mode of thought. These analyses range from why Kennedy and Khruschev misunderstood each other to why Colin Powell erred in his judgments over the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. For anyone concerned about the current state of politics in the U.S. and where it will lead us, Beyond Rationality is required reading. |
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第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 55 筆
第 xii 頁
... cognitive activity, surely we have developed ways of coping with it—and indeed we have, when we don't turn our backs on it. The most prominent method of coping, the method that has achieved the most respect, is to turn to the cognitive ...
... cognitive activity, surely we have developed ways of coping with it—and indeed we have, when we don't turn our backs on it. The most prominent method of coping, the method that has achieved the most respect, is to turn to the cognitive ...
第 xv 頁
... Cognitive Process by Which We Are Judged I must now say something about judgment, also a concept with its own ... processes was one of the boldest and most significant events in human history, and because judgment is the cognitive ...
... Cognitive Process by Which We Are Judged I must now say something about judgment, also a concept with its own ... processes was one of the boldest and most significant events in human history, and because judgment is the cognitive ...
第 xxi 頁
... cognitive activity—our reason— and why that new phase developed. I have ... process change but also had their faith in our ability to reason diminished. If ... processes. But as an adult he suddenly found that without “feelings,” life ...
... cognitive activity—our reason— and why that new phase developed. I have ... process change but also had their faith in our ability to reason diminished. If ... processes. But as an adult he suddenly found that without “feelings,” life ...
第 6 頁
... cognitive—processes that produce wisdom. It will take a theory of cognition—or better, of judgment—to do that. But if we do not wish to rely on peer judgments of wisdom, where do we turn? Turning to a New Discipline Clearly, the ...
... cognitive—processes that produce wisdom. It will take a theory of cognition—or better, of judgment—to do that. But if we do not wish to rely on peer judgments of wisdom, where do we turn? Turning to a New Discipline Clearly, the ...
第 7 頁
... cognitive system, and, second, in discovering how to improve it. One of the reasons we focus on the cognitive processes is that is where psychology has always placed its focus—on the internal forces that drive the organism. This ...
... cognitive system, and, second, in discovering how to improve it. One of the reasons we focus on the cognitive processes is that is where psychology has always placed its focus—on the internal forces that drive the organism. This ...
內容
Strategies of Human Judgment | 27 |
Tactics of Human Judgment | 121 |
Themes Guiding Research | 197 |
Looking Backward | 243 |
Notes | 297 |
Bibliography | 319 |
Index | 321 |
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