mitted of; and Watt struck out in an entirely new line, and invented an entirely new machine, when he produced his condensing engine.

II. JAMES WATT.

There are few places in our country where human enterprise has effected such vast and marvellous changes within the century as the country traversed by the river Clyde. Where Glasgow now stretches far and wide, with its miles of swarming streets, its countless mills, and warehouses, and foundries, its busy ship-building yards, its harbour thronged with vessels of every size and clime, and its large and wealthy population, there was to be seen, a hundred years ago, only an insignificant little burgh, as dull and quiet as any rural market-town of our own day. There was a little quay at the Broomielaw, seldom used, and partly overgrown with broom. No boat over six tons' burden could get so high up the river, and the appearance of a masted vessel was almost an event. Tobacco was the chief trade of the town; and the tobacco merchants, who were the great magnates at that time, might be seen strutting about at the Cross in their scarlet cloaks, and looking down on the rest of the inhabitants, who got their living for the most part by dealing in grindstones, coals, and fish-"Glasgow magistrates," as the herrings are popularly called, being in as great repute then as There were but scanty means of intercourse

now.

with other places, and what did exist were little used, except for goods, which were conveyed on the backs of pack-horses. The caravan then took two days to go to Edinburgh-you can run through now between the two cities in little more than an hour. There is hardly any trade that Glasgow does not prosecute vigorously and successfully. You may see any day you walk down to the Broomielaw, vessels of a thousand tons' burden at anchor there, and the custom duties which were in 1796 little over £100, were no less than £718,835 in 1856.

Glasgow is indebted, in a great part, for the gigantic strides which it has made, to the genius, patience, and perseverance of a man who, in his boyhood, rather more than a hundred years ago, used to be scolded by his aunt for wasting his time, taking off the lid of the kettle, putting it on again, holding now a cup, now a silver spoon over the steam as it rose from the spout, and catching and counting the drops of water it fell into. James Watt was then taking his first elementary lessons in that science, his practical application of which in after life was to revolutionize the whole system of mechanical movement, and place an almost unlimited power at the disposal of the industrial classes

When a boy, James Watt was delicate and sickly, and so shy and sensitive that his school-days were a misery to him, and he profited but little by his attendance. At home, though, he was a great reader,

es, and what did exist were little rods, which were conveyed on the The carian then took two

Agar a pations boyhora! used t

more than an hour.

Glasgow does not ssfully. You may see the Broomielaw, vesse'. at anchor there, and the in 1796 little over £160, 55 in 1956.

d, in a great part, for the ch it has 1 ade, to the nius, : ¿verance of a man sho, in 1 more than a brne years ago,

"Rather more than a hundred years ago, Watt used to be scolded by his aunt for wasting his time, taking off the lid of the kettle, putting it on again, holding now a cup, now a silver spoon, over the steam as it rose from the spout, and catching and counting the drops of water it fell into."-Page 48.