ENTREPOT (ang-tre-po', the a as in father, the e as in her), a warehouse for the deposit of goods. EPHEMERAL (e-fein'eral). This is from the Gr. ephi, for, and ¿mēra, a day; perishing with the day; short-lived. EPIC (Gr. épos, a word), a poem of the narrative kind, describing generally the exploits of heroes.

EPICURE, one given to luxury; so called from Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, whose doctrines did not, however, authorize the sensual construction which was wrested from them.

EPITOME (e-pit'-o-me), an abridgment, an abbreviation, or compendious abstract. EPOCH (p-ok or e-pok). This is from the Gr. epecho, I stop, and means a certain fixed point of time, made famous by some remarkable event, from whence ensuing years are numbered.

ERA differs from epoch in this

era is a point of time fixed by some nation or denomination of men; epoch is a point fixed by historians and chronologists. ERE (ar), before; sooner than; supposed to be from the Saxou er, signifying the morning. Being pronounced like E'er, this word is sometimes mistaken for it. ES'SAY, in literature, a short treatise, or tract. Lord Bacon first used it in this sense.

EUREKA (eu-re-ka) a Greek word, meaning, I have found. See p. 275. EURIPIDES (U-rip'i-dēs), a Grecian tragic poet, b. 480 B. C. He was torn in pieces by the dogs of King Archela'us, whose guest he was. Soph'ocles, who survived him, publicly mourned his loss. EVAN DER is said to have built on the Tiber, at the foot of the Palatine Hill, a town which was incorporated with Rome. He taught the arts of peace. EVAN GEL (from two Gr. words, meaning to tell well, to announce good tidings), the Gospel; the history of Christ's life and resurrection.

EVERETT, EDWARD, b. in Massachusetts, 1794. Quoted pp. 185, 187, 249. EXAMINE; said to be from the Latin, examen, the tongue or beam of a balance. EXCEL'SIOR, the comparative degree of the Latin adjective, excelsus, high; so that it means higher. 285. EXCOMMUNICATE, to expel from the com

munion of the church. EXILE, THE POOR, 82.

EXIT, the third person of the Latin verb exeo, I go out; literally, he or it goes out; hence the departure of a player from the stage; a way of departure, passage out of a place.

EXODUS, a way, or passage out; egress, departure; the title of the second book of Moses, which describes the journey from Egypt.

EX'PLETIVE, a word not necessary to the sense; one used to fill a space. EXTEMPORE (ex-tem'-po-re), on the spur of the moment, at the time; from the Lat. words ex, from, and tempore the time.

Avoid the blunder of pronouncing this word (extempore) in three syllables. EXTRAORDINARY (eks-tror-de-na-ry). EXTRINSIC, external, outward.

FABLE (Lat. fari, to speak). In Englisn it is applied to any feigned thing; generally a story inculcating a moral precept. See pp. 67, 71, 72, 92, 130, 286, 412. FALL OF A MOUNTAIN, 105. FAME. The root of this word meaning simply to speak or talk (good or ill), fame may be either favorable or the contrary. We often find that both praise and detraction are much exaggerated in men's mouths; hence the proverb, "common fame is a common liar," 64, 309. FAUST. The au pronounced like our in how. FEBRUARY is from the Lat. februo, I cleanse; because on the fifteenth of this month the great feast of purification, called februa, was held among the Romans, FENELON, Archbishop of Cambray, in France, a great writer, and most amiable man, was b. 1651, d. 1715.

Fidelity in Little Things, 85.

Cicero and Demosthenes, 243. FERDINAND AND ISABELLA, 281. FERRA'RA, an ancient and famous city of Italy; once the capital of a sovereign duchy.

FEUDALISM. The feudal system was that form of government anciently subsisting in Europe, under which a victorious leader allotted considerable portions of land, called fiefs, or feuds, to his principal offi cers, who, in their turn, divided their possessions among their inferiors; the condition being that the latter should render military service both at home and abroad.

FIELD. This word (says Trench) properly means a clearing where the trees have been felled, or cut down, as in all our early English writers it is spelled without the i, "feld," and not "field." FIJI (fe-jee), one of the S. Pacific islands. FIRE-WATER, the appropriate name given by the Indians to intoxicating liquors. FLEECY TROOPS. By a figure known as periphrasis (circumlocution), the poet thus designates sheep, 136.

FLINT, TIMOTHY, an American writer, and a missionary to the Mississippi valley. He died in 1839. See pp. 299, 302. FLORENCE, capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and one of the finest cities in the world. The present population is 106,899.

FLUKES, the broad triangular plates at the extremity of the arms of an anchor. The fins of a whale, from their resemblance, are sometimes thus called. FLYING FISH, THE. 217. FOLIO (Lat. folium, a leaf), a book of the largest size, formed by once doubling a sheet of paper.

FOOLSCAP, a kind of paper, usually about seventeen inches by fourteen. The derivation of the word is uncertain.

FORD, JOHN, an English dramatic writer, b. 1586, d. 1670. See p. 295. FORECASTLE (fore-kas-sl), that part of the upper deck of a ship forward of the foremast; also, in merchant vessels, the forward part, under the deck, where the sailors live.

FOREST, from the root of the Lat. word foras, meaning out of doors.

FORM CLA, a prescribed form or order; a model.

Fо'RUM, a Latin word, meaning literally,

what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in Rome a public place where causes were tried, and orations made. FOSTER, JOHN, a much-esteemed English writer, b. 1770, d. 1843. See pp. 104, 331.

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, distinguished as an essayist, a philosopher, and a statesman, was born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 17th, 1706, and died in Philadelphia, the city of his adoption, April 17th, 1790. He discovered the identity of lightning with electricity, and obtained a lasting scientific reputation thereby.

Remarks on his Character, 331. Turning the Grindstone, by, 103. Dialogue with the Gout, 355. FRATZEL, The Silent Teacher, by, 286. FREDERICK, generally called the Great, King of Prussia, was born in 1712, and died 1786; a strict military disciplinarian, and friendly to literature.

FRIAR, from the French frère, a brother; in a restricted sense, a monk who is not a priest.

FRIDAY, the sixth day of the week.

The

name is derived from Freya, a Saxon goddess.

FROWARD (fro-ward), peevish, perverse; its radical meaning being, turned or looking from.

FULTON, ROBERT, an American engineer and projector, born in Pennsylvania, in 1767, died 1815. His first steamboat was put upon the Hudson (as described by Judge Story, p. 324) in 1807. The merit of a prior invention was claimed by John Fitch, also an American.

GALAXY (Gr. galak tes, of milk), the Milky Way; the long, white, luminous track visible across the heavens at night, from horizon to horizon. It consists entirely of stars, scattered by millions, like glittering dust, on the black ground of the general heavens.

GALEN, one of the greatest physicians of ancient times, b. in Asia, 256. GASTRIC JUICE, the peculiar fluid secreted by the stomach, and essential to digestion. GE-NE'VA, the most populous and industrious town of Switzerland, on the Rhone. GENIUS. The Latin root of this word means to produce, to bring forth, 147, 214. GEN'OA (Jen'oa), a famous seaport city of northern Italy, on the Mediterranean.

designated all not professing their religion as "the nations; hence the word Gentile came to mean any person not a Jew or a Christian, a heathen.

GIBBON, EDWARD, the celebrated English historian, was b. 1737, d. 1794.

In his

great work, "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," he does not always do justice to his Christian characters. The same energy and virtue which, appearing in a heathen or a Mahometan, fills his heart with fervor, and his lofty periods with a swelling grandeur, leaves him cold and impassible, or cavilling and contemptuous, when it is exhibited in the cause of Christianity. 144. GIBRALTAR, a strongly fortified seaport town and colony, belonging to G. Britain, near the southern extremity of Spain, where it occupies a mountainous promontory. The Strait of Gibraltar, between Spain and Morocco, is about fifty miles long, and from nineteen to twenty-three

French history, the Gironde were, during the revolution, a celebrated politi cal party, termed Girondins, from La Gironde (the department in which Bordeaux is situated), which sent to the legislative assembly of 1791 three of the chief leaders of the party, 291. GITTERN. See Arion.

GLADIATOR (Lat. gladius, a sword), a sword-player, a prize-fighter, 94. GLASS. "Looks in a glass," &c., p. 321. The allusion here is to the imposition practised by fortune-tellers, who pretended to see future events in a beryl, or crystal glass.

GLOAMING, the twilight; probably the word is a corruption of glooming. GNOMON (no-mon), a Greek word, meaning one who knows; in a dial, the pin which by its shadow tells the hour. GOLDAU (Gol-do'), a village of Switzerland, which was overwhelmed by the fall of part of the mountain of Rossberg, Sept. 3d. 1806. The account (p. 106) is substantially true.

GOLDSMITH, OLIVER, a celebrated poet, historian, and essayist, was born in Ireland in 1731; died 1774. He was one of the most genial and elegant writers of his day; but, notwithstanding his great reputation, activity, and success, his life was embittered by perpetual debts and difficulties.

The Village Preacher, 218.
The Discontented Miller, 222.
Retirement, 256.

GOOSE-QUILL. The proverb, p 64, indicates

the superiority of mental force over phys- | ical; that "the pen is mightier than the sword."

GORGON, a fabled monster, the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. GOSPEL (Saxon, godspell; god, good, and spell, history), the Christian revelation. GRATTAN, HENRY, one of the most eloquent of Ireland's orators, b. 1746, d. 1820. Un Lord Chatham. 246. GRAHAME, JAMES, a Scottish poet, b. 1765, d. 1811. Winter Sabbath, by, 433. GRAVITATION (from the Lat. gravis, heavy) is a force which binds the universe together. It causes the falling of heavy bodies to the earth's surface, and, by a wonderful balancing of the same force, the heavenly bodies are kept within their proper paths. See Newton.

GRAY, THOMAS, an English poet, b. 1716, d. 1771. His Elegy (p. 272) is the most celebrated of his poems. It is related by Lord Mahon, that the evening before the capture of Quebec (1759) Gen. Wolfe, while on the St. Lawrence in a boat with some of his officers, repeated this elegy, then new, aloud, and said, "Now, gentlemen, I would rather be the author of that poem than take Quebec." See Curfew. GREECE. The effects of Grecian art, literature, and philosophy, upon the world, promise to be as enduring as its civilization. They can hardly be estimated. GREGA'RIOUS (Lat. grez, a herd), going in flocks or herds; not liking to live alone. GRIFFIN, GERALD, an Irish poet and miscel laneous writer, who died young, about the year 1840.

Love due to the Creator, 179. GUATEMALA, pronounced Gwa-te-ma'la ; the a in the first and third syllables like that in father.

GUILLOTINE (gil-lo-ten'), a machine for be heading in France, named from its inventor, Dr. Guillotin.

GUINEA, a piece of money, so called because

it was originally coined of gold brought from the coast of Guinea.

GUTTIEREZ, pronounced Goot-ti-a'reth. JYGES (jy'jes), according to Plato, was a shepherd of Lydia, who had a ring, with which, by turning a stone in it, he could| become invisible.

GYMNASTIC, pertaining to athletic exercises. The Greek root gymnos means naked, the ancients being naked in their exercises.

HABITATION. The root of this word is the Latin habeo, I have.

HALFPENNY, pronounced haf-penny (the a as in father), or hā'pen-ne. HALL, JAMES, Prairies, The, 203. HALL, ROBERT, an eloquent Baptist preacher and theological writer, b. in England 1764, d. 1831. His sermon on Modern Infidelity established his fame. See p. 315.

HALLECK, FITZ-GREENE, an American poet, born 1795.

On a Friend's Death, 358

HAMLET (believed to be from the same Saxon root as home, anciently written hame), a small village; a little cluster of houses in the country.

HAMPDEN, JOHN, one of England's best patriots, was born in London in 1594. He strenuously resisted the impositions of the royal government. Being mortally wounded in the civil war against the king, he died, after six days of great suffering, in 1643. He was a devout Christian; and his last words were, "O, Lord, save my country. 0, Lord, be merciful " and here his speech

to

failed him, and he fell back and expired. HARVEY, WM., a celebrated physician, b. in England 1578, d. 1658. He discovered the circulation of the blood, of which he published an account in 1628.

HASTINGS, WARREN, born in England in 1733, d. 1818. He was appointed by the East India Company governor of their possessions: but, being accused of having governed tyrannically, and extorted large sums of money, he was impeached by the British House of Commons, but finally acquitted, 268.

HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL, an American author, born about 1809; in 1853 appointed consul to Liverpool by President Pierce.

A Rill from the Town Pump, 231. HAZLITT, WM., an English critic and essay ist, who died in 1830. He was a vigorous writer, but apt to be borne away by violent prejudices.

HEBREWS, Literature of the, 389.

HECTOR, the chief hero of the Trojans in their war with the Greeks. He was slain by Achilles.

HEMANS, FELICIA DOROTHEA, the most popular poetess of England, was born at Liverpool in 1795, died 1835. She married young, but her marriage was infelicitous She wrote much for the magazines of the day; and many of her lyrics are of a high order of merit.

The Graves of a Household, 105. Hymn of the Mountaineers, 239. The Captive's Dreams, 310. HENDERSON, JOHN, Account of, 167. HENRY, PATRICK, an American orator and statesman, born in Virginia 1736, died 1799. His early opportunities of education were very limited, but he rose above all impediments into great distinction as one of the most eloquent men of any age. He was a strenuous advocate for American independence. Extract from, 271. HERSCHEL, SIR JOHN, born in England 1790, a son of the celebrated astronomer, Wm. Herschel, and eminent for his mathematical and literary attainments.

On a Taste for Reading, 399. Wonders of the Universe, 406. HES'PERUS, a name given to the planet Venus when she follows the sun or appears in the evening; when she appears in the morning before sunrise, the same planet is called Lucifer.

HET-E RO GENEOUS (Gr. eteros, other, and

genos, kind), unlike or dissimilar in kind; opposed to homogeneous. HEXAGONAL, having six angles. HEYWOOD, THOMAS, an English dramatic writer, said to have written 220 plays between the years 1596 and 1640. Of these plays only twenty-four have been preserved. Extract from, 294. HIGGINSON, FRANCIS, an eminent preacher, born in England, but who emigrated to Salem, Mass., in June, 1629, when there were but seven houses in the place. He died in 1630. He had a son also named Francis.

HILLARD, GEORGE S., an accomplished American writer, author of "Six Months in Italy."

The Colosseum, by, 386.

On a Literary Taste, 399. HIPPOCRATES (Hip-poc'rates), the most famous among the Greek physicians, b. 456 B. C. In his method of cure, precepts as to diet take the first rank. HISTORY (Gr. istoreo, I know by inquiry), an account of facts; not only of such as relate to the political annals of nations and states, but to their manners and customs, literature and great men. Natural history treats of the works of nature generally.

HISTORICAL CHARACTERS, 144, 243. HOLMES, OLIVER WENDELL, an American physician and a gifted poet, 265, 337. HOMER, the great poet of the Greeks. He flourished in the ninth century before the Christian era, and is supposed to have been a strolling bard, poor and blind. His Iliad is a poem descriptive of the siege of Troy, in Asia Minor; and his Odyssey describes the wanderings of Ulysses. These poems have been translated by Pope; but Cowper's version of the Iliad is the most faithful. HOMILY, a discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience. HO-MO-GENEOUS (Gr. omos, the same, and genos, kind), of the same kind. See Heterogeneous.

HOOD, THOMAS, an English poet, comic and pathetic, b. 1798, d. 1845.

Ode to his Son, by, 45.

Retrospective Review (abridged), 127. The Lee-shore, 359. HOODED BELL. By this striking image of a bell covered with a hood, Grahame describes the effect of the snow in hiding it. HORACE, one of the most popular Latin poets; b. 65 B. C., d. 9 B. C. HORIZON (Gr. orizo, I limit), the line which terminates the view on all sides. HORNE, GEORGE, an English bishop; b. 1730, d. 1792. The Government of the Thoughts, 97.

HOUSEWIFE. By Walker and Worcester pronounced hüz'wif; by Webster, as spelled.

HOUSEHOLD. Used (p. 426) as an adjective, in the sense of familiar. HOWARD, JOHN, a celebrated English philanthropist, b. 1726, and d. 1790, from a malignant fever caught in visiting a suf

ferer. He did much to reform the prisons and hospitals of Europe. His deathhour was so serene, that he said to a friend who tried to divert his thoughts from the subject, "Death has no terrors for me it is an event I have always looked to with cheerfulness, if not with pleasure; and be assured that it is to me a more grateful subject than any other." See Burke's eulogy, 146. HoWITT, MARY, Lines by, 297. HUDSON, or NORTH RIVER, a river of New York, rising in a mountainous country west of Lake Champlain, and flowing into the Atlantic below New York city. The tide flows up as far as Troy. Its scenery is very beautiful.

HULKS; old, dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons in England.

HUME, DAVID, author of a celebrated history of England, b. at Edinburgh in 1711. d. 1776. In his history he generally favors the side of power against the people; and his insidious hostility to the Christian religion leads him to undervalue the labors and sufferings of many illustrious martyrs, religious and political. Extract from, 145.

HUMILITY. The root of this word is the Latin humus, the ground. HURRICANE, THE, by Bryant, 211. HUSBAND, according to the Saxon derivation, is house-band, the binder of the household by his labor and his government of love. HYDROSTATICAL, relating to the science of weighing fluids.

HYPERBOL'ICAL (Gr. uperballo, I throw beyond, overshoot), in rhetoric, exagger ated, tumid. The hy-per bo-le is a figure, which may be extravagant either from its expressing too little or too much. HYPOTHESIS (Gr.), a supposition. Pl., ses.

IBID, or IB, a contraction of the Lat., ibidem, meaning, in the same place, or also there.

IDEA, & Gr. word, from idein, to see; liter

ally the image or resemblance of any object conceived by the mind.

IDES, one of the three epochs or divisions of the ancient Roman month. The calends were the first days of the different months; the ides, days near the middle of the months, and the nones, the ninth day before the ides. Brutus reminds Cassius of the ides of March (43 B. C.) as the time when Julius Caesar fell beneath their daggers and those of the other conspirators. "Tu quoque Brutë!" (tho 1, too, Brutus!) was Cæsar's exclamation on seeing Brutus stab. Cassius was married to the half-sister of Brutus. ILIAD. See Homer. IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL, Thoughts on the, 150, 314, 315, 412. IMPEACH, to accuse; to bring charges against a public officer Defore the proper tribunal.

IMPRESS', to compel to enter the public service as a seaman.