16

BANK ESTABLISHMENT.

XXV. And, whereas I have executed an assignment, in trust, of my banking establishment, to take effect the day before my decease, to the intent that all the concerns thereof may be closed by themselves, without being blended with the concerns of my general estate, and the balance remaining to be paid over to my executors: Now, I do hereby direct my executors, hereinafter mentioned, not to interfere with the said trust in any way except to see that the same is faithfully executed, and to aid the execution thereof by all such acts and deeds as may be necessary and expedient to effectuate the same, so that it may be speedily closed, and the balance paid over to my executors, to go, as in my Will, into the residue of my estate: And I do hereby authorize, direct, and empower the said trustees, from time to time, as the capital of the said bank shall be received, and shall not be wanted for the discharge of the debts due thereat, to invest the same in good securities in the names of my executors, and to hand over the same to them, to be disposed of according to this my

Will.

XXVI. Lastly, I do hereby nominate and appoint Timothy Paxson, Thomas P. Cope, Joseph Roberts, William J. Duane, and John A. Barclay, executors of this my last Will and Testament: I recommend to them to close the concerns of my estate as expeditiously as possible, and to see that my intentions in respect to the residue of my estate are and shall be strictly complied with: and I do hereby revoke all other Wills by me heretofore made.

In witness, I, the said Stephen Girard, have to this my last Will and Testament, contained in thirty-five pages, set my hand at the bottom of each page, and my hand and seal at the bottom of this page; the said Will executed, from motives of prudence, in duplicate this sixteenth day of February, in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty.

STEPHEN GIRARD.
Signed, sealed, published, and declared)
by the said Stephen Girard, as and for
his last Will and Testament, in the
presence of us, who have at his re-
quest hereunto subscribed our names
as witnesses thereto, in the presence
of the said Testator, and of each other.
Feb. 16, 1830.

JOHN H. IRWIN,
SAMUEL ARTHUR,
S. H. CARPENTER.
CODICILS.

[Seal.]

WHEREAS, I, Stephen Girard, the Testator named in the foregoing Will and Testament, dated the sixteenth day of February, eighteen hundred and thirty, have, since the execution thereof, purchased several parcels and pieces of real estate, and have built sundry Messuages all which, as well as any real estate that I may hereafter purchase, it is my wish and intention to pass by the said Will: Now, I do hereby republish the foregoing last Will and Testament, dated February 16, 18.30, and do confirm the same in all particulars: In witness, I, the said Stephen Girard, set my hand and seal hereunto, the twenty-fifth day of December, eighteen hundred and thirty.

STEPHEN GIRARD. [Seal.]

Signed, sealed, published, and declared
by the said Stephen Girard, as and for
a re-publication of his last Will and
Testament, in the presence of us, who,
at his request, have hereunto subscrib-
ed our names as Witnesses thereto in
the presence of the said Testator and
of each other. December 25th, 1830.

JOHN H. IRWIN,
SAMUEL ARTHUR,
JNO. THOMSON.
PEEL HALL.

WHEREAS, I, Stephen Girard, the Testator named in the foregoing Will and Testament, dated February

16, 1830, have, since the execution thereof, purchased several parcels and pieces of land and real estate, and have built sundry Messuages, all which, as well as any real estate that I may hereafter purchase, it is my intention to pass by said Will; And whereas in particular, I have recently purchased from Mr. William Parker, the Mansion House, out-buildings, and forty-five acres and some perches of land, called Peel Hall, on the Ridge Road, in Penn Township: Now, I declare it to be my intention, and I direct, that the Orphan establishment, provided for in my said Will, instead of being built as therein directed upon my square of ground between High and Chesnut, and Eleventh and Twelfth Streets in the City of Ph ladelphia, shall be built upon the estate so purchased from Mr. W. Parker, and I hereby devote the said estate to that purpose, exclusively, in the same manner as I had devoted the said square, hereby directing that all the improvements and arrangements for the said Orphan establishment prescribed by my said Will as to said square shall be made and executed upon the said estate, just as if I had in my Will devoted the said estate to said purpose-consequently, the said square of ground is to constitute, and I declare it to be a part of the residue and remainder of my real and personal estate, and given and devised for the same uses and purposes as are declared in section twenty, of my Will, it being my intention that the said square of ground shall be built upon and improved in such a manIn witness ner as to secure a safe and permanent income for the purposes stated in said twentieth section. whereof, I, the said Stephen Girard, set my hand and seal hereunto, the twentieth day of June, eighteen hundred and thirty-one. STEPHEN GIRARD. [Seal] Signed, sealed, published, and declared, by the said Stephen Girard, as and for a re-publication of his last Will and Testament, and a further direction in relation to the real estate therein mentioned, in the presence of us, who, at his request, have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, in the presence of the said Testator, and of each other, June 20, 1831.

S. H. CARPENTER,
L. BARDIN,
SAMUEL ARTHUR.

Philadelphia, December 31st, 1831,-Then personally appeared Samuel Arthur, and S. H. Carpenter, two of the witnesses to the foregoing Will and the second Codicil or republication thereof, and on their oaths did say that they were present, and did see and hear Stephen Girard the testator in the said Will and second republication thereof named, sign, seal, publish and declare the same as and for his last Will and Testament, and republication thereof, and that at the doing thereof, he was of sound mind, memory and understanding, to the best of their knowledge and belief; and at the same tine appeared Jno. Thomson, one of the witnesses to the first republication of said Will, and on his solemn affirmation did say that he was present, and did see and hear Stephen Girard, the testator in the first republication of said Will, named, sign, seal, publish, and declare the same as and for a republication of his last Will and Testament. And the said Samuel Arthur, another of the witnessess to said first republication of said Will, on his oath did further say, that he was present, and did see and hear Stephen Girard, the testator in the first republication of said Will, named, sign, seal, publish and declare the same as and for a republication of his last Will and Testament, and they both did say that at the doing thereof, he was of sound mind, memory and understanding, to the best of their knowledge and belief. Coram, J. HUMES, Register. December 31, 1831.-Timothy Paxson, and Thomas P. Cope, two of the Executors, affirmed, and Joseph Roberts, William J. Duane, and John A. Barclay, the other Executors, sworn, and letters testamentary granted unto them.

HAZARD'S

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY 14, 1832. NO. 211.

The ASSESSED VALUE of the Borough, in December,National Republican Advocate, commenced 1831, is as follows:

Among the Occupations, and Establishments, in the Lycoming, submitted the following Report and Resolutions. Borough, may be enumerated the following:

5 Male Teachers,

8 Female do.

2 Clergymen,

1 President Judge,

20 Attorney's at Law,

1 Conveyancer, 2 Notaries,

5 Justices of the peace, 4 Physicians,

2 Apothecaries,

4 Confectioners,

1 Brewery,

2 Bakers,

2 Butchers,

15 Stores, of dry goods, gro

ceries and hard ware,

8 Taverns, and a ninth, a splendid new Hotel, nearly finished,

2 Oyster and beer houses, 1 Tobacconist,

1 Pottery,

1 Tannery,

2 Currying shops, 4 Printing offices,

8 Tailors,

6 Boot and shoemakers,
2 Hatters,

3 Saddlers,

2 Coach-makers,

2 Wheel-wrights,

4 Black-smiths,

2 Copper do. & tinplaters,
1 Silver plater,

1 Gun-smith,

In submitting to your notice a proposal embracing so various, important, and durable interests, as seem to be involved in that having in view the construction of a rail-road, to run from Williamsport to Elmira in the state of N. York, your committee have reason to congratulate you, in that the prejudices, with wh ch men, even of the most correct judgment, have, almost uniformly, met those expedients of enlightened mindswhich were new, indeed, and dependent, for the illustration of their practical utility, upon the deductions of science, and the theoretical doctrines of the originators; have, in this enlightened age and country, been dissipated; particularly with regard to the utilty of turnpike roads, canals and rail-roads, by their operation and evident results; and, that in recommending this road to your entire approbation, we are therefore enabled to address you without entering into a discussion of those elementary principles which tend to prove that, as the bridle road of the pack horse is superior to the foot path formed for the accommodation of savage life, so our highways afford greater accommodation to civilized 3 Painters, glaziers &paper man, in his social intercourse, than such bridle roads hangers,

1 Lock-smith,

3 Cabinet-makers,

2 Chair-makers,

2 Cedar coopers,

5 Masons & brick-layers,
2 Plasterers,

7 Carpenters,

3 Watch-makers,

2 Weavers,

2 Brick-yards, and a third,
just without the borough
limits,

2 Lumber & coal yards.

The SIDE WALKS, or foot ways of the Streets, were first paved with bricks, in the year 1823. The two principal streets were McAdumized, in the years 1829

and 1830.

One daily line of Mail Stages passes through the boOne trirough, between Philadelphia and Lancaster. weekly mail stage line passes the same way, between Philadelphia and Baltimore; and two daily lines of stages run between West-Chester and Philadelphia. The mail is also carried on horseback, daily, between West-Chester and Downingtown; and weekly, between West-Chester and Wilmington, Elkton, Chester and Norristown.

A RAIL-ROAD, (commenced in May last, and now more than half completed,) is in progress, from WestChester to the Pennsylvania Rail way; by which, as soon as finished, the borough will enjoy all the facilities of communication, whichthat important improvement is calculated to afford, with the trade of the Delaware, the Schuylkill, and the Susquehanna.

or, that, as our turnpikes are better calculated to afford accommodation to an agricultural people than the natural roads of our country, so our canals are superior, in every way, for promoting the interests of every class of society, to any turnpike road; or, that the canals of our country are inferior in such accommodation, to that which would be yielded by a rail-road, located upon such ground as may be selected for this under our immediate notice.

It may be unnecessary, also, to repeat here the well known test by which the benefit, yielded to the country by all such improvements, is most accurately determined; we mean the price of stocks in those markets which are located in the vicinity of the improvements. Were we to refer to this true standard of the utility of railroads, we could show you that in England (expensive as the construction of their roads has been, from the cost of land, the amount of damages, mode of construction, and other causes combined, which cannot exist here) the price of their stocks, in several instances, has more than doubled since the roads have been in successful operation.

Your committee again have cause to congratulate you, in that it is unnecessary, at this day, to go into an elaborate disquisition to prove the great importance to the country generally, of prosecuting in every practicable mode, such means of intercourse as will extend, invigorate and perpetuate our commercial relations; particularly as those relations tend to unite, by ties of interest, as well as by those of kindness and urbanity, the citizens of our united and sister states. We feel gratified in being able to say, that these results, as necessary consequences of this, and every other great, noble, and very beneficial improvement is fully appreciated; and that our fellow-citizens are now satisfied, that, in extending rail-roads and canals to every practicable point where the trade of the country, or the prospective resulting benefits will afford at all, in their estimation, the means of remuneration to the stock-holder, they will each aid, in its measure, to promote the intercourse and harmony of the states; the equalization of wealth, and of population; the security of our civil, political and religious liberties; an addition to the real value of our property; an equalization among the different sections of At an adjourned meeting of many of the citizens of our country, of the cost of those supplies which are es Lycoming county, held in the court house on the even-sential to every family-together with many others reing of the 6th inst. the committee, upon whom had devolved the duty, in pursuance of the object of their appointment, of preparing and presenting a report on the prospects of connecting the CHEMUNG and PENNSYLVANIA CANALS by a RAIL-ROAD, to run from Elmira in the state of New York, to Williamsport in the county of

N. B. The principal Seminaries, both for girls, and young men, in the borough of West-Chester, are now in "the full tide of successful operation;" and eminently deserving of the patronage they receive.

WILLIAMSPORT AND ELMIRA RAIL-ROAD.

-

sulting local and general benefits, which the present state of information in our country, has, doubtless rendered familiar with all.

It will therefore be necessary to descend to some de tail with regard to this particnlar road; for, unless it can be demonstrated that from its construction, will result

1832.1

WILLIAMSPORT AND ELMIRA RAIL-ROAD.

benefits to society at large, and, as a necessary consequence, liberally renumerate the stockholder for his investment, the attempt to proceed should be arrested, and no man be desired to aid, by pecuniary advances, that purpose which would only reduce his means, and be of real disservice to the community.

In the first place, then, the nature of the ground is such that we question much whether any location, running to the same extent from the margin of our rivers can be found in which so few obstructions are presented. About one third of the distance has been already passed over with a level, carried by an experienced and practical man, (Mr. Wilson,) and the ascent found to be not equal to one half of that which may be overcome by a Locomotive engine 'without difficulty, viz: 22 feet per mile. And, it is presumed, the remaing two thirds, present ground equally favorable, with exceptions at one or two points, at which, even, it is not supposed that stationary power will be required.

Stone and timber for constructing the road, it is known to all, are every where in abundance along the line; and almost without cost, in their rude state, to a company forming the road.

Your committee feel themselves justified in presenting to your view, the most flattering prospects in regard to the amount of tonnage which would, at once, be placed upon this road were it completed. It may be demonstrated that one thousand farms will not yield on an average, annually, as much tonnage for transportation on a railroad, as one coal mine; the farms being of the same size and quality, as those on our West Branch-which we all know are not deficient in either. Then, 300 bushels of wheat is more than an average annual yield for each farm, beyond the consumption of the farmer and his sales at home, to place upon a rail road to be transported These 300 bushels, in wheat, will to a foreign market. weigh about 7 tons; in flour about 5 tons; the average is 64; 100 farms at 6 tons each, will thus yield 6,500 tons; but a single coal mine, in which 12 miners are employed, will yield more than 7,000 tons; and, that there are many veins of coal along the route of the contemplated road, no one doubts; several being already known.

What, then, is it probable, will be the demand for coal, so as to require a large transportation of this mineral upon this road?

In answer, we reply that our blast furnaces consume from 600 to 1000 bushels of wood coal per day; which would perhaps equal a consumption of 1,500 tons of There are, then, severstone coal, in coke per annum. al blast furnaces in the state of New York, so located, that the use of their wood coal being abandoned for that of our stone coal. furnished at the price it may be upon the completion of this road, will, perhaps, be found to result in the benefit of their owners.

In addition to this source of demand, almost every village in the state of New York has its iron foundry; the use of coal in which, in the form of coke, would be found materially to promote the interest of the proprie tors. Indeed, it is now known to be a profitable trade to haul, in the winter season on sleds, our Bituminous coal to that state, and bring a return load of Plaster. Again, every blacksmith's shop will furnish a continued consumption for our coal; and thus steadily promote the It is a well interests of the stockholder in this road. known fact, that, at present, Anthracite coal, with all the present mode of conthe expenses attendant upon veyance, is taken into the state of New York, at least as far as Geneva, to be used in smelting iron, (pig metal) in their foundries. How soon, then, would that coal be abandoned for such purpose, could a supply of coke, from our Bituminous coal be furnished them; not only as it could be had for less than half the price per bushel, but, because in place of burning, and thus imparting a brittle, rotton quality to the iron subjected to the action of the Anthracite, the coke would soften, render tough, and of far superior quality the metal smelted by it.

Again, as our Bituminous coal, so far as yet discovered, is solid in its texture, and free from disagreeable smell, would it not be used as a substitute generally for fuel in private families? As it has been in many instances with us; its low price, and perfect fitness for the purpose, recommending it for many miles along the N. York canals.

The salt works also, in the state of New York have, some of them, as we have understood, been abandoned for want of fuel; here then we have another extensive demand for our coal.

Taking these objects into view, together with many others that might be enumerated, such as the use of coal in distilleries, breweries, &c. &c. would it be exaggerating to say, that coal alone would in its transportation return an adequate remuneration to the stockholders in this road? particularly as we know that many proprietors of mines in this country and in Europe have been, themselves, at the sole expense of constructing rail-roads to them, and have found it a profitable expenditure.

However, permit us to extend our views a little farther. The pig metal of Pennsylvania is known to be equal in quality to any other in the United States, (the Scotch metal is superior, being made with coke,) for casting into stoves, hollow ware, machinery for mills, factories, &c. and large quantities of it are annually hauled to the state of New York, along the superlatively wretched road leading from this place to Elmira. To what amount, then, the demand for this article would arise, upon so great a diminution in its cost occurring, as would necessarily follow so great a difference in the would also furnish a very reduced cost of its transportation, your committee are at a loss to say; but believe material article in the list of tonnage carried upon the road.

Bar iron, large quantities of which are at present, taken from this state to that of New York, by the same way, and mode of conveyance as before described, would also furnish no inconsiderable item among those And as a means of accommoarticles which would yield an advantageous return to the rail-road company. dation for the transportation of merchandize generally, including the heavy articles of Mackarel, Shad, Herrings, &c. to supply a great extent of country northward of us, this road will doubtless be extensively used.

Permit us now to inquire what inducements we can present to you, as furnished by the northern extremity of the road.

We would first, then, draw your attention to those improvements by rail-roads which are either in progress, or contemplated, between this and Philadelphia, and the intervening spaces and distances, which we fully believe, will, before many years shall have clapsed, be filled up. The rail-road from Sunbury to Pottsville is now The in train for construction; the stock has been taken, and a resolution of the holders passed, requiring its commence. ment; this part of the road is 45 miles in length. citizens of Reading are turning their attention seriously, to the construction of a rail-road from their borough to Philadelphia; and which they will, doubtless, shortly effect; this road will be about 55 miles long. Here, then, we have 100 miles of rail-road between Sunbury and Philadelphia; the whole distance being 130, leaves but 30 to be completed. We have what will, we presume be a good canal from Williamsport to Sunbury (40 miles) but which distance, should our contemplated rail-road be completed, will, no doubt, very soon be also Ral-rondized. Thus with 70 additional miles, from Elmira to Philadelphia, we shall have an unbroken communication, by rail-road, from that point (Elmira) to Philadelphia. And who will venture to say that the road from Sunbury shall stop at Pottsville? or, should ours be constructed, that it shall terminate short of Sunbury?

Then, with this project in view, we have a great portion of the trade of the western part of the state of New York; of the inland seas stretching from the falls of Nia

gara, to the lake of the Woods; and, of that extent of empire, which reaches from the St. Lawrence on the east, to the Rocky Mountains on the west.

The grounds upon which your committee have arrived at this conclusion, are these: The plain principles upon which the utility of all improvements, similar to that we now have under our notice, are advocated, are in our favor, viz: time and distance. The trade of the almost boundless country to which we have referred, is now the property of the city of New York, without a rival; but, connect Elmira with Williamsport, Sunbury, Pottsville, Reading and Philadelphia, and the distance thus from Montezuma-which is at the confluence of the Elmira and Seneca lake, (Chemung) and the Erie canals to Philadelphia, will be about 318 miles; whereas from Montezuma, by the Erie canal and North river to New York, is 360 miles; thus making a difference, in our favor, of 42 miles, in point of distance. But 60 miles of our 318 being Rail-road, the gain in point of time, will be immense. The distance by rail-road (260 miles) may be passed in less than one day, at a rate of speed not exceeding 12 miles an hour-which it is well known is less than one-third of that at which Locomotive engines have travelled-whereas Montezuma being 200 miles from Albany, by canal, that distance alone, would require from 6 to 8 days to pass it.

However, should no connection by Rail-road ever be effected between Williamsport and Sunbury, or between Pottsville and Reading, we shall not lose an advantage either in time or distance.

But casting away all such calculations of increased trade from the north, let us see what inducements are offered to construct this road, by the trade from that quarter, a portion of which now seeks an outlet this way for a market.

The article of Plaster or Gypsum, which is furnished so abundantly at the mines, in the state of New York, would form no inconsiderable one on the list. We be lieve that this, as well as all other heavy articles now, sent from the western part of the state of New York, either by land conveyance down Lycoming creek (the contemplated route for this road,) or by water down the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers, would be transported along this road, for these manifest reasons. The distance from Elmira to Sunbury by the river, and North Branch canal, is 170 miles; and by the rail-road to Williamsport, and thence by canal to Sunbury will be but about 115 miles, making the vast comparative difference of 55 miles. And, as the rail-road may be passed, at a very moderate calculation, at the rate of 12 miles per hour, this will require 64 hours on it, and, say 2 days on the canal; whereas, by the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers and canal-all risks from dams, &c. being inclusive -the time consumed in arriving at the same point (Sunbury) would not be less, perhaps, than 8 days; thus making a difference, in point of time-and consequently of expense also--of abont 5 or 6 days.

sheep and swine in them to a distant market. And there also, are preparing wagons for the transportation of horned cattle. Here, then, will be an article of no trifling amount, in point of tonnage; and of much great. er in point of benefit, to the western part of the state of New York. By possessing this mode of conveyance, graziers may prepare their cattle at hum for the knife of the butcher, and the table of the epicure; which they are now unable to do because of the distance from market, and consequent fatigue of the animal, before reaching the place of its destination. Let us then accommodate Broad horn with a wagon to ride in, and save him the accustomed travel, on foot, of from 6 to 10 days; and also the pain of crippled feet; or, perhaps death from eating laurel, or wandering astray in the mountains.

In the transportation of live stock upon this'Rail-road, perhaps as much as in any other particular, the city of Philadelphia, and indeed the inhabitants of the intermediate towns, would be benefited. Pasturage, and coarse grains being low, in the western part of the state of New York, and the cost of taking cattle, sheep, and swine to market very much reduced, the price of beef, mutton, and pork must experience a corresponding reduction. And, that our road could be used for transporting live stock upon, cannot be questioned. 'Who would drive an ox, a sheep, or a hog to market, to remain 6 days on the way, at the expense of 5 or 6 dollars when, for 50 cents, or less, the owner and his animal, may be transported the same distance in 6 or 7 hours?

The conveyance of passengers, also, upon all Railroads yet constructed, for general purposes, has been a very material source of remuneration to the stockholders, And, when we take into view, that this road will form a great connecting link between the eastern and middle, and several of the western states, as the present natural road-on its designated location-does; the revenue to be derived from this source, must be presumed to be very considerable.

Again, the contemplated route of this road was, in part, that selected during the last war, upon which the line of express mails between Washington, Buffalo, Sacket's Harbor, &c. was established; and also, that by which many detachments of the United States' troops then passed, with all their military equipage, to the Canada frontier, this route being the most direct possible, from Washington to the Canadas. May not the United States' authorities be, therefore, induced to use this road in the conveyance of their troops, their cannon, and other military equipments and supplies?

A very great inducement, again, in the estimation of your committee, for the construction of this road, should be, the encouragement that will be thereby given to the erection of iron works along the line of it; such as furnaces, forges, rolling and slitting mills, nail factories, and all other establishments for the manufacture of iron; as steam engines, chain cables, anchors, machinery for We then find that the plaster, salt, pot and pearl ash-mills and factories, and other heavy articles, a first obes, wheat, flour, clover-seed, flax-seed, beef and pork,ject in encouraging the establishment of which is, an &c. afforded by a very extensive and wealthy agricultural district, will, by the unfailing inducements of economy in time, and expense, and also, by those of convenience and profit, be led into this channel in seeking a market, in preference to the comparatively, very circu tous, and expensive courses they have hitherto taken.

It is notorious that the timber and lumber trade, has become an object of much greater interest, within a few years, than it was, which must, mainly, be attributed to its scarcity along the navigable streams. This road, then, would open a country of, perhaps, not less than 4 or 500 square miles-8 or 9 wide, by 60 longin extent, abounding with Pine, Oak, and other valuable forest trees, to this very useful, and to the road, and country, profitable trade.

In England, Rail-road waggons have been constructed, and in use for some time, calculated to transport

abundance of the article used in the manufacture, at a low rate; and a second, and indispensable one is, a cheap, and expeditious mode of conveyance to market. It is notorious that the manufacture of iron, in Eng. land, at so low a cost as to pay a considerable duty, and bear the heavy expense of transportation to this country, and yet be afforded here at a less price, than we can make it, does not so much depend upon the lower rates of wages there than here, for we have in some measure an equivalent for that in the cheaper mode of subsistence-as it does in this, that the English furnaces are erected almost in contact with their Bituminous coal mines; and their ore is found, often, in alternate strata with their coal; so that one single laborer will effect as much in one day, towards furnish ng ore, and fus el, for a furnace, in such a location, as four or five men can in the process we pursue, of chopping timber, cording, hauling, stacking, coaling, and then hauling