ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1875,

By BEN: PERLEY POORE,

IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON.

THE CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY was published as a private enterprise from 1820 until 1864, inclusive and copies were sold to Congress and to the Departments. It was sometimes two months after the commencement of a session before the first edition of the Directory was ready for delivery, and the work did not contain much of the varied information given in similar publications at the capitals of some of the States and at the seats of government in Europe.

At the commencement of the second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress, a joint resolution was passed unanimously ordering the compilation and publication of the Congressional Directory, under the direction of the Joint Committee on Public Printing. The joint committee, urged by Senators and Representatives to give additional value to the work, examined upward of twenty publications of a similar nature, and adopted several features-among them statistical sketches of members of Congress. The form of these statistical sketches, which met the approval of the joint committee, was that which they found in a publication entitled the "House of Commons," which has been published annually at London, in its present shape, since 1852, and it has since been used as a model in the compilation of the Congressional Directory. The statistical sketches give the Senator, Representative, or Delegate's full name; home post-office address; place and time of birth; early education; collegiate education, if any, with date of graduating; professional studies; profession or business; all public offices held, with dates of holding them; their vote on their last election to Congress; the name of their opponent; the politics of each, and the vote of each when the election was by the people.

This information has been supplied by the members of Congress, in response to circulars sent them by direction of the Joint Committee on Public Printing, as it could not be obtained in any other way. No biographical work has ever given the politics of Congressmen, the names of their opponents when elected, or the votes given to each, although they have appeared at the close of each year in the valuable newspaper almanacs.

Any person can obtain a copyright for a work by depositing a copy of the title-page with the Librarian of Congress and paying the stated fee. No attempt can be made to defend, under the copyright act, the plan of this Congressional Directory, as it is based on numerous European publications of a similar nature, some of them dating back many years; neither is the collection of biographies of a class of public men an original idea, as scores of such collections have been published within the present century. But for the statistical sketches, obtained from original sources by the compiler, the protection of the copyright act can be claimed. It will, however, only be invoked when this original matter is republished imperfectly for gain. It was to prevent this that the Joint Committee on Public Printing directed the compiler to secure a copyright.

1876..

Corrections are solicited for the second edition, which will be printed about the 20th of January,

CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY.

MEMBERS OF THE FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS.

ALABAMA.

SENATORS.

GEORGE E. SPENCER, of Decatur, Alabama, was born in Jefferson County, New York, November 1, 1836; was educated at Montreal College, Canada; was admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1857; was Secretary of the, Iowa Senate of 1856; entered the Army as Captain, Assistant Adjutant-General of Volunteers, in 1862; recruited and raised the First Alabama Cavalry, United States Volunteers, in 1863; commanded a brigade of cavalry on Sherman's grand march; was brevetted Brigadier-General for " gallantry on the field;" resigned position in the Army July 4, 1865; was appointed Register in Bankruptcy for the fourth district of Alabama in May, 1867; was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, and took his seat July 25, 1868, and was re-elected in 1872. His term of office will expire March 3, 1879.

GEORGE GOLDTHWAITE, of Montgomery, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, December 10, 1809; received an academic education; removed to Alabama; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1826; was on the bench of the Circuit Court, and afterward of the Supreme Court, of which he was Chief Justice for some years; was Adjutant-General of the State of Alabama during the war; was elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat, December 7, 1870, to succeed Willard Warner, Republican, and took his seat January 15, 1872. His term of service will expire March 3, 1877.

REPRESENTATIVES.

FIRST DISTRICT.

Counties.-Choctaw, Clarke, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, and Washington.

JERE HARALSON, of Selma, was born in Muscogee County, Georgia, April 1, 1846, the slave property of John Walker; after his death was sold on the auction-block in the city of Columbus and bought by J W. Thomson, after whose death he became the property of J. Haralson, of Selma, and so remained until emancipated in 1865; received no education until after he was free, since when he has instructed himself; is a farmer; was elected to the State House of Representatives of Alabama in 1870, defeating a Republican and a Democratic opponent by 3,000 majority; was elected to the State Senate of Alabama in 1872, defeating Gen. G. W. Pettus, Jr., and was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican, receiving 19,551 votes against 16,953 votes for F. G. Bromberg, Democrat.

SECOND DISTRICT.

Counties. Baldwin, Butler, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Escambia, Montgomery, and Pike.

JEREMIAH N. WILLIAMS, of Clayton, was born in Barbour County, Alabama, in April, 1829; received a liberal education, graduating at the University of South Carolina; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and has since practised; entered the Confederate Army in 1861 as Major, but was obliged to resign on account of ill health; was elected to the State Legislature of Alabama in 1872, but not permitted to take his seat; and was elected to the Fortyfourth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 20, 180 votes against 19,124 votes for J. T. Rapier, Republican.

THIRD DISTRICT.

Counties.-Barbour, Bullock, Coffee, Dale, Geneva, Henry, Lee, and Russell.

TAUL. BRADFORD, of Talladega, was born at Mardisville, Alabama, January 20, 1835; received a classical education, graduating at the University of Alabama in 1854; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1855, and has since practised; served in the Confederate Army throughout the war; was a member of the State Legislature of Alabama in 1871 and 72; and was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 19,424 votes against 14,076 votes for William H. Betts, Republican.

FOURTH DISTRICT.

Counties.-Dallas, Hale, Lowndes, Perry, and Wilcox.

CHARLES HAYS, of Haysville, was born in Greene County, Alabama, February 2, 1834; was educated at the University of Georgia, and matriculated at the University of Virginia in May, 1864; has devoted himself entirely to agricultural pursuits, and is a cotton-planter; was elected to the Constitutional Convention of Alabama in 1867; was elected to the State Senate of Alabama in 1868, and while a member was elected to the Forty-first Congress; was elected to the Forty-second Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress; and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, as a Republican, receiving 23,900 votes against 18,378 votes for James T. Jones, Democrat.

FIFTH DISTRICT.

Counties. Autauga, Bibb, Chambers, Chilton, Clay, Coosa, Elmore, Macon, and Talla

poosa.

JOHN H. CALDWELL, of Jacksonville, was born at Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama; studied an academic course in his native town, and was for two years at Bacon College, Harrodsburg, Kentucky; was a member of the Legislature of Alabama in 1857-'58; was admitted to the bar in 1859; was elected Solicitor for the tenth judicial circuit by the Legislature at the session of 1859-'60; re-elected at the session of 1863-'64; deposed by the Provisional Governor in 1865; re-elected the same winter, when things were no longer "provisional,” and removed from the office in 1867 by military authority, for refusing to obey military orders; he continued the practice of his profession until he was elected to the Forty-third Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 13,011 votes against 8,969 votes for J. Sheffield, Republican.

SIXTH DISTRICT.

Counties.-Fayette, Greene, Jefferson, Marion, Pickens, Sanford, Sumter, Tuscaloosa, Walker, and Winston.

GOLDSMITH W. HEWITT, of Birmingham, was born in Jefferson County, Alabama, February 14, 1834; received an academic education; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1856, and has since practised; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, and served until severely wounded at the battle of Chickamauga in 1863; was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1870, and to the State Senate in 1872 and '74, but resigned when he was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 15,048 votes against 9,172 votes for J. H. Sloss, Republican.

THE STATE AT LARGE.

WILLIAM HENRY FORNEY, of Jacksonville, was born at Lincolnton, North Carolina, November 9, 1823; received a classical education, graduating at the University of Alabama in 1844; served in the war with Mexico as a First Lieutenant in the First Regiment of Alabama Volunteers; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1848, and has practised ever since; was elected by the Legislature of Alabama a Trustee of the University of Alabama, and served 1851-60; was a member of the State House of Representatives of Alabama 1859-'60; entered the Confederate Army at the commencement of hostilities in 1861 as Captain, and was successively promoted Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, and Brigadier-General; surrendered at Appomattox Court-House; was a member of the State Senate of Alabama 1865-'66, serving until the State was reconstructed, and was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 106,080 votes against 89,909 votes for C. C. Sheets, Republican.

BURWELL BOYKIN LEWIS, of Tuscaloosa, was born at Montgomery, Alabama, July 7, 1838; received a classical education, graduating at the University of Alabama in 1857; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1859, and commenced practice at Montevallo; was a Presidential Elector in 1868, on the Seymour and Blair ticket; served in the Confederate Army as an officer in the Second Alabama Cavalry; was a member of the State House of Representatives of Alabama in 1870, '71, and '72; removed to Tuscaloosa in 1872; has been largely interested in developing the mineral resources of Alabama, and is the principal owner of the Central Iron-Works at Helena; was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 106,023 votes against 90,938 votes for A. White, Republican.

ARKANSAS.

SENATORS.

POWELL CLAYTON, of Little Rock, was born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1833; received a common-school education, and was afterward at Partridge's Military Academy, Bristol, Pennsylvania; studied civil engineering at Wilmington, Delaware, and followed it as a profession; entered the Union Army in Kansas, May 29, 1861, as Captain of the First Kansas Infantry; was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Kansas Cavalry in Feb.