DAILY ROUTINE OF DUTY.

Forenoon. Reveille, first call, 6.05; reveille, 6.15; inspection of rooms by officer of day, 6.40; breakfast call, 6.45; prayers, first call, 8.30; prayers, 8.45; recitation and study hours, 9 to 12; dinner call, 12.

Afternoon.-Roll call, first call, 1.30; roll call, 1.35; recitation and study hours, 1.45 to 3.45; fatigue call, 3.45; drill, first call, 3.55; inspection of rooms by adjutant; drill, 4 to 5; recall, 5.10; recreation from recall until retreat; retreat at sunset, except when sun sets before 7, then at 7; call to quarters fifteen minutes after retreat, except when retreat is at sunset, then immediately after retreat; study hours from call to quarters until tattoo; tattoo, 9.30 in spring and fall, at 9 in winter; taps, thirty minutes after tattoo. Taps are followed by an inspection by the officer of day, who will see that cadets are in quarters, lights are out, and fires are secured.

On Fridays, retreat is five minutes after drill, and permits will be granted to leave quarters during early evening. Saturdays and Sundays there is no 1.35 roll call nor recitations.

REQUIREMENTS OF ADMISSION.

All candidates for admission to the college must be at least 15 years of age, and must present satisfactory evidence of good moral character.

To the courses in civil engineering, architecture, chemistry, and science and literature, candidates will be examined in the following studies: Mathematics-arithmetic, algebra to quadratics, plane geometry; English language-grammar, composition, with special attention to punctuation and the use of capitals; geography-physical and political geography; history-history of the United States.

To the course in arts, in addition to the examinations in mathematics, English language, geography, and history laid down for the course in science, examinations will be as follows: Latin-Caesar's "Commentaries," 4 books, or Sallust's "Catiline;" Virgil's "Eneid," 6 books; Cicero, 4 orations. Greek-Xenophon's "Anabasis," 4 books, or 100 pages of Goodwin's Greek reader; Homer's "Iliad," 2 books.

Graduates from approved high schools will be admitted upon certificates. Candidates not fully prepared in all the requirements will be conditioned for a limited time or placed in a preparatory class. Candidates for advanced standing will be examined in all the previous studies of the course; and if they come from another institution will present certificates of honorable dismission.

UNIFORM.

In 1841 the uniform required to be worn by cadets is described as follows: A coat of dark-blue cloth with 3 rows of white bullet buttons in front, the 2 outside rows terminating a little past the top of the

shoulder; the intervals between the buttons of each row to be threefourths of an inch; standing collar, to rise as high as the tip of the ear, with a button on each side; cuffs indented on the outer side, with 4 buttons extending longitudinally, set at the same distance apart; the skirts to have 2 buttons behind at the bottom of the waist and 2 at their lower extremity; then 4 set on the center, extending up and down; also, at the half distance between the buttons at the bottom of the waist and the buttons of the skirt, to be 2 buttons placed close together near the edge of each fold. Pantaloons, dark blue for winter, white for summer. Vests, dark for winter, white for summer. Caps and trimmings can be obtained at the university.

In 1890 the uniform is thus described: A single-breasted dress coat of dark blue cloth, university buttons; trousers, dark blue, with red stripe; black cravat; United States regulation helmet with usual gilt ornaments; forage cap; boots or high shoes of black, unglazed leather. The State of Vermont has made the corps of cadets a part of the State militia, and they are organized as a company of heavy artillery. They were first received into the militia on the application of General Ransom and others in July, 1845, and made a company of the Twentythird regiment under Col. William E. Lewis.

COLLEGE EXPENSES.

In the years from 1838 to 1841 the expense, per quarter of twelve weeks, for tuition, room rent, board, and incidentals, was $31.83. In the year 1845-46 the expenses at the university were-

Tuition per quarter........

Room rent per quarter....
Incidental expenses per quarter
Board and washing per week..

$6.00

1.50

1.00

1.25-1.50

The entire expense for three terms of eleven weeks each was thus $75 at the most. But this annual cost could be greatly reduced by boarding in clubs where board could be had for 50 cents per week. "In no case need they exceed $1," the catalogue of that year tells us. In the year 1891 the expense is as follows:

Tuition for college year.

Room rent for college year..

Library and contingent expenses .
Board and washing, $3 per week..

$45.00

15.00

5.00

108.00

The cost of living is greater than it was forty-five years ago, but when a cadet enjoys a State scholarship his expenses are thereby lessened $50 per year, bringing them down to the very moderate sum of $123 per year.

ATTENDANCE.

The first person to receive the diploma of the university was Alonzo Jackman, who graduated in 1836. In 1837 it graduated a class of 10; in 1838 a class of 6; in 1839 a class of 11; in 1840 a class of 9; 1841 a

class of 17. All these received the degree of A. B., showing that in the early years of the university the classics were not neglected. The catalogue of 1841 gives the names of 119 cadets in attendance; in 1844 there were 104; in 1850, 59; in 1857-1860, 57. This was just before the breaking out of the civil war, and among these 57 youths there were in the Union army 1 general, C. B. Stoughton; 1 colonel, Thomas O. Seaver; 1 colonel in the Confederate army, William J. Clarke; 1 lieutenant-colonel in the Union army, Edmund Rice; 1 major, Henry E. Alvord; and two captains, S. W. Shattuck, afterwards vice-president, and Charles A. Curtis, afterwards president of the university. Many others of this number may have held commissions in the Union army, and doubtless did do so. But it is known that in 1861 the undergraduates so promptly responded to the call of their country that for two years there was no commencement. All of the senior class and

many from the other classes went into the army.

PRESIDENTS.

Capt. Alden Partridge, a native of Norwich, Vt., was born January 12, 1785, and died in Norwich, January 17, 1854. He graduated from West Point in 1806 and received an honorary degree from Dartmouth College in 1812. From the rank of first lieutenant of engineers he was promoted to the rank of captain in 1810. In 1813 he was appointed professor of mathematics at West Point, having been assistant professor for a year previous, and in September following became professor of engineering. He was afterwards superintendent of West Point Academy (the third who held that office) till 1818, when he resigned and established the American Literary Scientific and Military Academy, afterwards chartered as Norwich University. In 1819 Captain Partridge also went out as leader of the surveying party sent to the northwest frontier of the United States to determine the boundary line. In 1822 he was appointed surveyor-general of Vermont, and was several times a member of the legislature. At different times he gave lectures on military topics in the leading cities of the country, and established schools for military instruction in Portsmouth, Va., in 1840; in Reading, Pa., in 1850; at Brandywine Springs, Del., in 1853. His published works were, "An excursion." "Letters on education," "National defence," "Journal of a tour of cadets," etc. The school which he established at Norwich in 1819 was very successful. An old catalogue of 1824 gives the number of cadets as 160. When this school was discontinued, Norwich University took its place, and was the first military college established in the United States after the founding of West Point. Captain Partridge was elected president of the institution at the first meeting of the trustees, December 2, 1834. He held this position till 1843, when he resigned.

Captain Partridge was succeeded in the presidency by Gen. Truman B. Ransom (the former vice-president), who continued in office four

years when he resigned to take command of the ninth New England regiment, for the Mexican war. He fell, gallantly leading his men, at the storming of Chapultepec, September 13, 1847. His name is written high upon the roll of Vermont's heroes.

General Ransom was born in Woodstock, Vt., in 1802. He was educated in Captain Partridge's military school at Norwich and taught in several of the schools subsequently established by Captain Partridge. On the incorporation of the university he became vice-president and professor of natural philosophy and engineering. He was also, at one time, instructor in mathematics in the United States Navy. He did much to reorganize the Vermont militia, in which he was majorgeneral from 1837 to 1844. He was candidate for Congress in 1840 and for lieutenant-governor in 1846, but in each case failed of election. His political hopes shared the same fate with those of his predecessor, who was also an unsuccessful candidate for Congress.

General Ransom resigned May 7, 1847, and Rev. Prof. James D. Butler was appointed to act as president until the next annual meeting. At the annual meeting, August 18, 1847, he was elected president of the university. He was a graduate of Middlebury College and held the office of president for about two years.

Henry S. Wheaton, A. M., who succeeded, was president for only a few months, and resigned August 16, 1849. Rev. Edward Bourns, LL. D., was made president January 8, 1851. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, October 29, 1801. He was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, July 9, 1833. He passed the theological examination June, 1834. He landed in this country in August, 1837, and soon after opened an English and classical school in Philadelphia, but in 1838 removed to Geneva, N. Y. In 1839 he received the degree of M. A. from Geneva College (known as Hobart College since 1852); in the same year was made adjunct professor of Latin and Greek. In 1841 he received the degree of LL. D. from the same college, and on the 7th of March, the same year, was ordained deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1845 he resigned the professorship and went to Brooklyn, Long Island, where he taught the languages until he was called to the presidency of Norwich University. He held this office till 1865, about fifteen years. He was also professor of Latin and Greek during this time and up to the time of his death, which was caused by paralysis, at Northfield, Vt., July 14, 1871. He was a fine classical scholar, a good theologian, and an excellent preacher. He was distinguished by a ready and keen wit, which those who knew him will well remember. He was nearly 6 feet 3 inches in height, with a breadth of frame in proportion, and mentally and physically he was a strong man. He won the esteem and confidence of those who knew him, and by the genial kindness of his nature greatly endeared himself to many. The trials of Norwich

University in his time arose chiefly from the lack of endowment-a lack which still holds her back from the highest usefulness-but for twenty years he stood perseveringly and stanchly by her and gave her his loyal but poorly requited service.

In March, 1866, the building known as the "South Barracks" burned down. In this crisis the institution received an invitation to remove to Northfield. The invitation was accepted and the university met with a warm and generous welcome by the citizens of Northfield. Fine grounds were obtained just south of the village, and on a handsome eminence overlooking the village and affording a magnificent view of country both north and south 2 beautiful brick buildings, costing about $30,000, have been erected to be used one as barracks and the other as class rooms, office quarters, and other college purposes. The faculty which came to Northfield consisted of Dr. Bourns, Gen. Alonzo Jackman, Prof. Henri Louis Delescluze, with Capt. S. W. Shattuck as president pro tempore. Additions were made to the faculty the following year, viz, Philander D. Bradford, M. D., and Maj. Thomas W. Walker, U. S. A.

November 10, 1866, the act of incorporation was so amended by the legislature, in section 5 of that act, that it became possible to make the university a church college and it consequently came under the control of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the bishop of the diocese being made a member of the board of trustees. It retained this character until 1880, when it again became nonsectarian.

Maj. Thomas W. Walker, U. S. A., became president in 1867 and continued in office two years. He was a graduate of West Point.

In 1869 the Rev. Roger S. Howard, D. D., became president. He was a graduate of Dartmouth and was admirably fitted for the position he assumed, being of commanding presence and a scholarly man. held the office three years.

He

The Rev. Malcolm Douglass, D. D., was chosen president in 1872. He was born at West Point, N. Y., July 19, 1825, graduated from Trinity College in 1846, and from the General Theological Seminary in 1849. He was ordained by Bishop De Lancey, of New York, deacon in 1849 and priest in 1850. He remained president three years, resigning in 1875. He died in the Church of the Good Shepherd, at Wareham, Mass., Sunday, September 25, 1887. His ability won him respect, and his many charms of character made him beloved by all. His name is an honored one in the history of the university.

The Rev. Josiah Swett, D. D., was elected president August 12, 1875, and resigned in February, 1877. He was not resident in Northfield any of the time and was only nominally president. The active duties of the office were performed by Charles Dole, A. M., who had been assistant commandant and professor since 1869. Dr. Swett was a graduate of Norwich University in 1837 and was professor of ancient 3177-13