college. The graduating class in 1891 numbered 29. The total number of graduates in arts was 1,157, of whom 50 are women. The whole number graduated from the medical school was 1,486.1

The following table shows the attendance of students in the various departments:

The effect of the provision for State scholarships on the freshman class of 1889-90 was very marked and suggestive. The class was the largest in numbers and one of the best in quality that ever entered the university. It has thus become apparent, as the friends of education have always anticipated, that an appropriation by the legislature in aid of university education naturally awakens a new interest in the institution throughout the State, encourages students seeking a collegiate education to resort to the college of their own State, and enables young persons of limited means to acquire an education which would not otherwise be within their reach. Apart from the benefit of the very moderate sum appropriated by the legislature, the recognition of the claim of the university upon State patronage and the expression of interest and confidence in its university by the State have given a decided impetus to the progress which the institution has been making in recent years. It is an unfortunate circumstance that appointments to State scholarships, affording free tuition and incidental expenses to 30 students upon the nomination of senators, become available only once in four years, unless in case of vacancies. The necessary expenses are as follows:

Room rent, with care of rooms, suites accommodating 2, 3, or 4, for each student..
Single rooms, with care, $18 to $23.

1 Whole number graduates in arts from 1804 to 1889, 1,101. Of these, 56 received the degree of C. E.; 1, M. E.; 41, Ph. B., and 3, B. S. Total of degrees other than A. B., 101. Of the above, 381 became lawyers, 217 clergymen, 75 physicians; 41 (1875-1889) were women. Names of graduates in arts not living, 404; graduates in medicine, 1823-1836, 116; graduates in medicine, 1854-1889, 1,252; whole number of graduates in medicine, 1,368; whole number graduates in course, 2,469; honorary graduates, 368; graduates in arts who became professors in colleges and theological seminaries, 64; other college instructors, 16; college presidents, 11.

college. The graduating class in 1891 numbered 29. The total number of graduates in arts was 1,157, of whom 50 are women. The whole number graduated from the medical school was 1,486.1

The following table shows the attendance of students in the various departments:

The effect of the provision for State scholarships on the freshman class of 1889-90 was very marked and suggestive. The class was the largest in numbers and one of the best in quality that ever entered the university. It has thus become apparent, as the friends of education have always anticipated, that an appropriation by the legislature in aid of university education naturally awakens a new interest in the institution throughout the State, encourages students seeking a collegiate education to resort to the college of their own State, and enables young persons of limited means to acquire an education which would not otherwise be within their reach. Apart from the benefit of the very moderate sum appropriated by the legislature, the recognition of the claim of the university upon State patronage and the expression of interest and confidence in its university by the State have given a decided impetus to the progress which the institution has been making in recent years. It is an unfortunate circumstance that appointments to State scholarships, affording free tuition. and incidental expenses to 30 students upon the nomination of senators, become available only once in four years, unless in case of vacancies. The necessary expenses are as follows:

Room rent, with care of rooms, suites accommodating 2, 3, or 4, for each student..
Single rooms, with care, $18 to $23.

1 Whole number graduates in arts from 1804 to 1889, 1,101. Of these, 56 received the degree of C. E.; 1, M. E.; 41, Ph. B., and 3, B. S. Total of degrees other than A. B., 101. Of the above, 381 became lawyers, 217 clergymen, 75 physicians; 41 (1875-1889) were women. Names of graduates in arts not living, 404; graduates in medicine, 1823–1836, 116; graduates in medicine, 1854–1889, 1,252; whole number of graduates in medicine, 1,368; whole number graduates in course, 2,469; honorary graduates, 368; graduates in arts who became professors in colleges and theological seminaries, 64; other college instructors, 16; college presidents, 11.

The students' rooms are furnished at the expense of the university. The finances of "The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College" at that time are set forth in the following exhibit from the reports of the treasurer:

The above statement does not include the receipts and expenditures of the medical department or of the experiment station.

In 1886 the total value of property, exclusive of Congressional fund, was estimated at $520,000; value of lands, $130,000; value of buildings, $200,000; value of collections, $60,000; trust funds, $120,000.

Of the above, the only item which includes any gift or grant from the State to the university is "value of lands." The reservation of lots for the benefit of the university in the later grants to townships resulted in securing to the university about 29,000 acres of land scattered thoughout the State, mostly wild mountain land of little value. From the "public lands" included in the above item, an annual rental of about $2,700 is received, making the gift to the university from the State to be of the value of about $45,000.

MILITARY INSTRUCTION.

In accordance with an act of Congress, an officer of the United States Army is stationed at the university as professor of military science and tactics, and all male students, except those in the medical department, are required to take part in military drill and instruction two hours each week. The military exercises are so ordered as not to interfere materially with other college duties, and are sufficiently attractive to inspire interest and enthusiasm in a body of young men. The United States Government furnishes breech-loading rifles, with ammunition, for infantry drill, and two 3-inch guns, with ammunition and equipments, for artillery practice; so that the student, while

pursuing the usual college curriculum, has an opportunity to become familiar with the practical details of organizing and drilling troops and manipulating firearms. A simple uniform, costing about $15, is worn during drill.

What sort of discipline the university gives, what kind of men it sends out, may be seen by scanning the roll of its alumni: Dr. Shedd, now of Union Theological Seminary; Dr. N. G. Clark, of the A. B. C. F. M.; Dr. George B. Spalding, of Syracuse, N. Y.; Dr. Ebenezer Cutler, of Worcester, Mass; Dr. 1. E. Dwinell, of Oakland, Cal.; Dr. J. H. Hopkins, of Wilkesbarre, Pa.; Bishops Bissel, of Vermont, and Howe (since deceased), of South Carolina, are living specimens from the long list of preachers and theologians whom it has helped to equip. What it has done for law and statesmanship may be suggested by the names of Collamer, Culver, Aldis, Kasson, Eaton, Gilbert, Hale, Benedict, Bennett, Jameson, Palmer, Powers, Smith-a list that might be greatly extended. Among the graduates who have been presidents or professors in other colleges may be mentioned Marsh, Herrick, and Ferrin, of Pacific University; Williams, Weed, Kent, Wells, Dennison, and Dewey, of Michigan University; Peabody, of Illinois Industrial University; Allen, of the University of Pennsylvania; Tuttle, of Cornell; Woodruff, of Bowdoin; Worcester, of Union Theological Seminary; but we will not complete the roll. As to those who have done yeoman's service in other departments of educational work, they are too many for separate mention.

And the university has done something for journalism. In the person of Henry J. Raymond it founded the New York Times; in that of James R. Spalding, of the same class (1840), it created the New York World. It was Alexander Mann, of the class of 1838, who made the Rochester American a power outside the State of New York as well as within it. Dr. Simeon Gilbert, in his conduct of the Chicago Advance, has both done good battle for religion and morals and won himself a good report.

A list of the men of business who have received the diploma of the university would include railroad kings, manufacturers whose wares are sold on other continents, and publishers whose imprint is familiar wherever English books are read. And we have given these few names merely to show by living examples that the institution at least does no harm to such earnest and capable young men as seek from it a practical training for their life work. And some, as the record shows and as we are glad to add, go back again from the college to that oldest and most honorable of all professions-agriculture-and so give practical demonstration that Greek and science and philosophy are no disqualification or damage even to the farmer.