follows: Master of Arts, Master of Science, Civil Engineer, and Doctor of Philosophy. To these were added in 1872-73 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, and Architect. The latter disappears in 1875-76. Doctor of Science appears in 1876-77. Only nine doctor's degrees were conferred down to 1885.

With the increase of the faculty and facilities for instruction the amount and character of graduate work was steadily raised. The establishment of fellowships and graduate scholarships led to an increase in the number of students pursuing graduate courses. During 1897-98 there were 154 students in the graduate department, and in that year advanced degrees were conferred as follows: Master of Arts, 10; Master of Science, 1; Master of Science in Agriculture, 5; Master of Civil Engineering, 3; Master of Mechanical Engineering, 2; Master of Laws, 5; Doctor of Philosophy, 23. Hereafter the following degrees will be conferred: Master of Arts, Master of Science in Architecture, in Civil Engineering, in Mechanical Engineering, and in Agriculture; Doctor of Philosophy.

The graduate department is now under the jurisdiction of the university faculty and the personal supervision of its dean.

B. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION TO COURSES.

The requirements for admission to the university have varied widely among the different courses. In arts the requirements have been from the first as high as at any other university. In philosophy and literature they were, until about 1881, lower than in arts by the omission of Greek. After that date a requirement in modern languages or mathematics was adopted as an equivalent for Greek. In letters (and science and letters) and in science the requirement, down to 1876, was primary. After that date there is a requirement of a modern language or advanced mathematics, and in 1888 there is a requirement of two modern languages or one language and advanced mathematics. In 1895-96 the requirement in these courses was (in addition to primary subjects) two of the following subjects: Advanced French, advanced German, advanced mathematics. In 1896-97 a uniform requirement was adopted in the department of arts and sciences as follows: The primary subjects; one of the following groups: (1) Latin and Greek; (2) Latin, advanced French, or advanced German; (3) advanced French, advanced German, and advanced mathematics. Agriculture required only primaries down to 1888-89; after that date its requirement is the same as in science. Architecture and mechanical engineering required only primaries down to 1887-88, when solid geometry was added. In 1890-91 elementary French or German was added. Since 1893-94 solid geometry, advanced algebra, plane and spherical trigonometry, and elementary French or German have been required. In civil engineering the same is true, except that the last requirement was not added until 1897-98. In law the New York law

student certificate (or its equivalent) was required down to 1898, when the requirement was made uniform with that of the department of arts and sciences.

The present requirements for admission are as follows:

For all courses: English, physiology, plane geometry, elementary algebra, two of the following: Grecian history, Roman history, English history, American history.

For arts and sciences, agriculture, and law: One of the following groups: (1) Greek and Latin; (2) Latin and advanced French or advanced German; (3) advanced French, advanced German, and advanced mathematics, or as an alternative to mathematics, one of the sciences, physics, chemistry, botany, geology, or zoology.

For architecture, civil engineering, or mechanical engineering: Solid geometry, advanced algebra, plane and spherical trigonometry, elementary French or German.

For veterinary science: Three of the following: (1) Elementary French; (2) elementary German; (3) elementary Latin; (4) advanced Latin; (5) Greek; (6) two years in physics, botany, geology, zoology, advanced French, advanced German.

For medicine, a medical student's certificate issued by the regents of the State of New York.

For forestry: Advanced French, advanced German, and advanced mathematics, with Latin as an alternative for French.

EXPLANATIONS.

C. THE FACULTIES.

The first organization of the faculties was, at least theoretically, into a general university faculty and into a number of special faculties corresponding to the "colleges" above described. It is stated in the first register that

The faculties of the colleges have, under the university faculty, the general supervision of the lectures and class exercises properly belonging to each; arrange special courses; are charged with the oversight of students pursuing special courses, and are intrusted with the keeping of such of the university museums and collections as illustrate their respective branches of study.

This is repeated down to and including the register for 1872-73. In 1873-74 the term "college" disappears, and with it the term "special faculties." The latter makes its reappearance, however, in 1874-75, and continues with some variations down to 1890-91. It seems, however, to express nothing more than a grouping according to departments of work. At most the "special faculty" was a committee for routine administration, and all matters requiring faculty action were referred to the one general faculty.

In 1887 the faculty of law was organized as an independent faculty, and from that date to 1896 there were two faculties, each quite independent of the other.

In 1889-90 appears for the first time the university senate, composed of the full professors of the general and law faculties and vested with the power of confirmation or rejection, subject to final action of the board of trustees, of nominations for positions in either of the two faculties. After a short and somewhat tempestuous career the academic senate disappears in 1893.

In 1896 there was a complete and radical reorganization of the departments and faculties. First, there was a return to the early nomenclature, and each technical or professional department was designated as a "college." Second, there was a return to the early division into a university faculty and a number of special faculties, the latter corresponding to the "colleges," and in addition including as one special faculty all the corps of instruction in the academic department or department of arts and sciences. Under this plan the university faculty, or general faculty, includes all professors, associate professors, and assistant professors, and deals with the graduate department, matters of general university policy, and matters affecting more than one special faculty. The special faculties include the faculty of arts and sciences, the faculty of the college of law, the faculty of the college of civil engineering, the faculty of the college of mechanical engineering, the faculty of the college of architecture, the faculty of the college of agriculture, the faculty of the medical college, the faculty of the New York State Veterinary College, and the faculty of the New York State College of Forestry. Each special faculty deals with the concerns of its own department or college, deter