best efforts. They have been founded at various times by persons interested in the work of the college. The gentlemen who have established these prizes are Duncan C. Pell, Charles T. Cromwell, Augustus H. Ward, Elisha Riggs, John Claflin, James Kelly, F. W. Devoe, Alexander P. Ketchum, and James Gordon Bennett. The college is also indebted for gifts to the Smithsonian Institution and to the following gentlemen: E. G. Blackford, W. H. Chesebrough, Edward Cooper, Bashford Dean, Prof. R. O. Doremus, David Dudley Field, Townsend Harris, Nathaniel Jarvis, jr., Dr. Isaac Lea, of Philadelphia, Lieut. Col. Walter McFarlane, U. S. A., H. J. Muller, H. R. Remsen, William T. Rodenbach, Jackson Steward, Gen. Alexander S. Webb, William Wood, Prof. Solomon Woolf, and Louis Zerega.

As the college has advanced in every other direction, so it has also grown in popular favor, a fact clearly demonstrated by the largely increased attendance. In 1869, when Dr. Webster resigned the presidency, and Gen. Alexander S. Webb, like Dr. Webster, a graduate of West Point, was chosen as his successor, the number of students enrolled in the five classes was 786, while the number of instructors was 29. In the year 1895 these numbers were almost doubled, there being 1,351 students and 53 instructors, besides the president. The number of graduates has increased in the same ratio, the average number of graduates for the last few years having been somewhat over 60, while the class of 1896 will probably graduate more than 80. The number of students has become so large that increased accommodations have become an absolute necessity. The legislature recognized this fact by passing this year (1895) a bill providing for the acquisition of a new site and for the erection thereon of suitable buildings. The site has already been selected. It includes the plot of land from One hundred and thirty-eighth street to One hundred and fortieth street, and from Convent avenue to Amsterdam avenue, containing in all 56 city lots. The college will probably celebrate its fiftieth anniversary in its new home.

With the exception of the few funds above mentioned the college is supported by the city. The sum annually required for this purpose in 1869 and for several years before was $115,000. At present, because of the large increase of students and instructors, $150,000 are allowed annually.

The faculty, consisting of the president and twelve professors, have the general direction and superintendence of everything pertaining to instruction in the several departments. They are assisted in the work of instruction by a corps of instructors and tutors. The members of the faculty at present are: Alexander S. Webb, LL. D., president; Robert Ogden Doremus, M. D., LL. D., vice-president and professor of chemistry and physics; Adolph Werner, Ph. D., professor of German; Alfred G. Compton, A. M., professor of applied mathematics; Charles G. Herbermann, Ph. D., LL. D., professor of Latin;

Solomon Woolf, A. M., professor of drawing; Fitz Gerald Tisdall, Ph. D., professor of Greek; James W. Mason, A. M., professor of pure mathemathies; Henry Phelps Johnston, A. M., professor of history; William Stratford, M. D., Ph. D., professor of natural history; Casimir Fabregon, A. M., professor of French; George E. Hardy, A. M., professor of English; professor of moral and intellectual philosophy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Acts of the Legislature.

1. Laws of 1847, chapter 206. An act authorizing the board of education of the city and county of New York to establish a free academy in said city. An act to erect the free academy of the city of New

2. Laws of 1866, chapter 264. York into a college.

3. Laws of 1866, chapter 637. An act directing the board of supervisors of the county of New York to raise $125,000 annually for the maintenance of the college, and directing the trustees of the college to select a suitable site upon the lands of the corporation of the city of New York, north of Fortieth street in said city, for the future use of the college.

4. Laws of 1872, chapter 471. An act increasing the annual appropriation to $150,000.

5. Laws of 1872, chapter 631. An act making the president of the college a member of the board of trustees and of the executive committee of the board.

6. Laws of 1882, chapter 143. An act to open the college to all male persons residing in the city of New York who shall pass the prescribed examination for admission (doing away with the requirement of one year's attendance in a common school).

7. Annual reports to the regents.

THE ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY, 1856.'

By N L. ROBINSON, B. A. (St. Lawrence and Harvard.)

St Lawrence University, John Clarence Lee, Ph. D., D. D., president: college of letters and science-Canton theological school.

SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY.

Arms, Gules, cross bottony Argent; quartered with Sanguine, open book Argent; edges, covers, and clasps Or.

The seal contains a shield with the arms on a circular field Or, on which is the motto fides et veritas Gules, and on the rim the words VNIVERSITAS SANCTI LAVRENTII IN NOV. EBOR. MDCCCLVI.

The college colors are scarlet and brown.

The St. Lawrence University was chartered April 3, 1856, for the purpose, as stated in the act of incorporation, "of establishing, maintaining, and conducting a college in the town of Canton, St. Lawrence County, for the promotion of general education, and to cultivate and

The writer is indebted to Rev. Dr. T. J. Sawyer, of Tufts College, to Dr. F. S. Lee, of Columbia College, and to Prof. C. K. Gaines, of St. Lawrence, for valued assistance in the preparation of this sketch.

advance literature, science, and the arts; and also to establish and maintain a theological school and department in Canton aforesaid." As at present organized it embraces the college of letters and science, the theological school, and the library. The two schools are independent of each other in their faculties and funds and in the instruction and government of their students. The library is under the joint control of the schools. A law school was established in 1869 and graduated two classes, but was discontinued in the fall of 1871. A plan for its revival is now being considered. A field of 26 acres, on which the present college hall had been erected by the Universalist Educational Society for the use of a Universalist theological school, was transferred by the representatives of that society to the university in 1857, and during the same year the State appropriated for the college $25,000, of which $10,000 were to be expended for "books and apparatus," and $15,000 were to be kept as a permanent fund, on condition that an additional sum of $25,000 should be raised for its endowment by its friends. With this modest equipment it began. It has struggled with poverty throughout its career, but has grown slowly and sturdily to a respectable rank among the colleges of the State. From its foundation the by-laws have provided that the college of letters and science should remain unsectarian in its teachings and influence.

The charter trustees were Rev. Thomas J. Sawyer, D. D., Jacob Harsen, M. D., Rev. William Stephens Balch, Frederick C. Havemeyer, and Thomas Wallace, of New York; United States Senator Preston King, of Ogdensburg; Sidney Lawrence, of Moira; George C. Sherman and Rev. Pitt Morse, of Watertown; Francis Seger, of Utica; James Sterling, of Sterlingville; Caleb Barstow and Norman Van Nostrand, of Brooklyn; Josiah Barber, H. W. Barton, and Rev. John M. Austin, of Auburn; Rev. Lewis C. Browne, of Honeoye Falls; George E. Baker, of Albany; Peter H. Bitley, of Branchport; Rev. George W. Montgomery, of Rochester; and Hon. John L. Russell, Martin Thatcher, Barzillai Hodskin, Levi B. Storrs, and Theodore Caldwell, of Canton. Though not trustees, Rev. Dr. Edwin H. Chapin and Horace Greeley were among the founders of the university. The presidents of the corporation have been:

The Theological School was opened in April, 1858, by Rev. Ebenezer Fisher, D. D., who remained at its head until he died in his lecture room February 21, 1879. Its first class, of five members, was graduated in 1861. During Dr. Fisher's administration the school was per

manently endowed, and achieved a wide reputation as the first and leading Universalist theological school in America. More than 150 men passed from his training into the Christian ministry. He was succeeded as president and Dockstader professor of theology and ethics by Rev. Isaac Morgan Atwood, D. D., its present head, under whose care its endowment has been doubled, while its standard of education has steadily improved. Other professors have been: Massena Goodrich, M. A., Biblical languages and literature, 1861-1863; Orello Cone, D. D., now president of Buchtel College, Craig professor of Biblical languages and literature, 1865-1880; John Stebbins Lee, D. D., Moore professor of ecclesiastical history and archæology, 1869-; Henry Prentiss Forbes, D. D., Craig professor of Biblical languages, 1881-; Lewis Beals Fisher, Ryder professor of pastoral theology, 1891—.

Edwin Cortland Bolles, Ph. D., D. D., Alpheus Baker Hervey, Ph. D., William Augustine Poste, M. A., Oscar. Fitzalan Safford, D. D., Adoniram Judson Patterson, D. D., William Henry Ryder, D. D., George Landor Perin, D. D., John Coleman Adams, D. D., Alonzo Ames Miner, D. D., LL. D., and Charles Henry Eaton, D. D., have been lecturers in the Theological School. Rev. Dr. Ryder died in 1888, and made the school one of the five residuary legatees of his estate. Thus far $32,808.40 have been received from his bequest. The course of study leading to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity requires four years, but most of the students pursue a three years' course, for which a diploma is given.

In April, 1859, an academic department was opened by Rev. John Stebbins Lee, D. D., a graduate of Amherst College, as principal and professor of the Latin and Greek languages. Dr. Lee continued at its head until 1868, and in 1869, after a year abroad, was called to the chair of church history in the Theological School, which he still holds. He was assisted in his work in the College by John White Clapp, M. A., an honorary graduate of Amherst, who was professor of mathematics until 1865. Professor Clapp was succeeded by Nehemiah White, Ph. D., D. D., lately president of Lombard University. Dr. White had charge of the mathematical department until 1871. At the beginning of Dr. Lee's administration the work in the academic department was wholly preparatory, but subsequently classical and scientific courses of study, similar to the ordinary courses in the New England colleges of that period and leading to the degrees of B. A. and B. S., were laid out and were entered upon by a number of the students. In 1865 was graduated the first college class, consisting of Hon. Hiram Henry Ryel, of the Lewis County bar, and Hon. Delos McCurdy, of the New York City bar. Hon. Pardon C. Williams, of Watertown, justice of the supreme court, and Mr. Leffert L. Buck, of New York, a civil engineer of distinction, left college before graduation, Mr. Buck to serve the Union in the civil war, and have since received their degrees nunc pro tunc as of the year 1863.