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6. NEW YORK (STATE) UNIVERSITY. Annual report, 1827 to date.

There are 105 annual reports. These have not been greatly serviceable for the period covered by this monograph, except for the act of 1889.

7. NEW YORK (STATE), PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, SUPERINTENDENT OF. Annual report, 1855 to date.

The report of 1890 was the thirty-sixth. The reports for 1884 and 1886 have been used in the sketch of the system of primary schools.

8. HOUGH, FRANKLIN B. Historical and statistical record of the University of New York during the century from 1784 to 1884, with an introductory sketch by David Murray, Ph. D., secretary of the board of regents. Albany, 1885. CHADBOURNE, PAUL ANSEL, and MOORE, W. B. State of New York; the public service of the State of New York. Boston, 1882.

A work in three huge quarto volumes. Volume 3 has an extended account of the educational systems of New York.

10. UNITED STATES.-Education, Bureau of.-Monographs.

Notably those by Dr. Adams on "William and Mary College" and on "Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia "-that of Dr. Blackmar on "Federal and State Aid to Higher Education," and those on "Georgia," by C. E. Jones, and "North Carolina," by Dr. Smith. 11. TURGOT, ANNE ROBERT JACQUES. Oeuvres, volume 2. Paris, 1884. 12. BUISSON, FERDINAND ÉDOUARD. Dictionaire de pédagogie.

13. SCHMID. Encyclopädie des Erziehungswesens.

14. QUESNAY DE BEAUREPAIRE, Chevalier. Mémoire, status et prospectus, concernant l'Académie des sciences et beaux-arts des États Unis de L'Amérique, établie à Richemond. Paris, 1788.

15. SUNDRY DOCUMENTS on the subject of a system of public education for the State of Virginia. Richmond, 1817.

16. SICARD, ABBÉ. History of education from 1762 to 1808 in France (see Le correspondant, new series, Nos. 79, 82, 84, 86, 87, and 88).

17. DRAPER, ANDREW S. Origin and development of the New York commonschool system, Albany, 1890.

18. CURTIS, Chancellor GEORGE WILLIAM. The University of the State of New York; an address delivered at the university convocation. Albany, 1890. (Regents' bulletin, No. 2, 1890.)

19. HOWARD, Prof. GEORGE E. Evolution of the university; annual address before the alumni association of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebr., 1890.

APPENDIX.

STATE CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE 9.

1. Common schools.-The legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a system of free common schools, wherein all the children of this State may be educated.

2. Higher education.-The corporation created in the year 1784, under the name of the regents of the University of the State of New York, is hereby continued under the name of the University of the State of New York. It shall be governed and its corporate powers, which may be increased, modified, or diminished by the legislature, shall be exercised by not less than nine regents.

3. Educational funds.-The capital of the common-school fund, the capital of the literature fund, and the capital of the United States deposit fund shall be respectively preserved inviolate. The revenue of the said common-school fund shall be applied to the support of common schools, the revenue of the said litera

ture fund shall be applied to the support of academies, and the sum of $25,000 of the revenues of the United States deposit fund shall each year be appropriated to and make part of the capital of the said common-school fund.

4. Restriction of subsidies.-Neither the State nor any subdivision thereof shall use its property or credit or any public money, or authorize or permit either to be used, directly or indirectly, in aid or maintenance, other than for examination or inspection, of any school or institution of learning wholly or in part under the control or direction of any religious denomination or in which any denominational tenet or doctrine is taught.

(See also ordinance 4, page 466.)

UNIVERSITY LAW.

[Laws of New York, 1892, chapter 378, as amended to June, 1897.

AN ACT to revise and consolidate the laws relating to the University of the State of New York. The people of the State of New York, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:

§ 1 Short title.

2 Definitions.

3 Corporate name and objects.

4 Regents.

5 Officers.

6 Meetings and absences.

7 Quorum and executive committee.

8 Authority of regents to take testimony.

9 By-laws, ordinances, and rules.

10 Departments and their govern

ment.

11 General examinations, credentials, and degrees.

12 Academic examinations.

13 Admission and fees.

14 Extension of educational facilities.
15 State library; how constituted.
16 Manuscripts and records "on file."
17 Use.

18 Book appropriations.

19 Duplicate department.

20 Transfers from State officers.

21 Other libraries owned by the State.
22 State museum; how constituted.
23 Collections made by the staff.
24 Institutions in the university.
25 Visitation and reports.

26 Apportionment of State money.
27 Charters.

28 Provisional charters.

29 Change of name or charter.
30 Dissolution and rechartering.
31 Suspension of operations.
32 Conditions of incorporation.
33 Prohibitions.

§ 34 Powers of trustees of institutions

in the university.

1 Number and quorum.

2 Executive committee.
3 Meetings and seniority.
4 Vacancies and elections.

5 Property holding.

6 Control of property.

7 Officers and employees.

8 Removals and suspensions.

9 Degrees and credentials.

10 Rules.

35 Public and free libraria rd mu

seums.

36 Establishment.

37 Subsidies.

38 Taxes.

39 Trustees.

40 Incorporation.
41 Reports.

42 Use.

43 Injuries of property.

44 Detention.

45 Transfer of libraries.
46 Local neglect.

47 Loans of books from the State.
48 Advice and instruction from State

library officers.

49 Use of fees and fines.

50 Apportionment of public libra

money.
51 Abolition.

52 Laws repealed.
53 Saving clause.
54 Construction.

55 To take effect.

6. NEW YORK (STATE) UNIVERSITY. Annual report, 1827 to date.

There are 105 annual reports. These have not been greatly serviceable for the period covered by this monograph, except for the act of 1889.

7. NEW YORK (STATE), PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, SUPERINTENDENT OF. Annual report, 1855 to date.

The report of 1890 was the thirty-sixth. The reports for 1884 and 1886 have been used in the sketch of the system of primary schools.

8. HOUGH, FRANKLIN B. Historical and statistical record of the University of New York during the century from 1784 to 1884, with an introductory sketch by David Murray, Ph. D., secretary of the board of regents. Albany, 1885. CHADBOURNE, PAUL ANSEL, and MOORE, W. B. State of New York; the public service of the State of New York. Boston, 1882.

A work in three huge quarto volumes. Volume 3 has an extended account of the educational systems of New York.

10. UNITED STATES.-Education, Bureau of.-Monographs.

Notably those by Dr. Adams on William and Mary College" and on "Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia "--that of Dr. Blackmar on "Federal and State Aid to Higher Education," and those on "Georgia," by C. E. Jones, and "North Carolina," by Dr. Smith. 11. TURGOT, ANNE ROBERT JACQUES. Oeuvres, volume 2. Paris, 1884.

12. BUISSON, FERDINAND ÉDOUARD. Dictionaire de pédagogie.

13. SCHMID. Encyclopädie des Erziehungswesens.

14. QUESNAY DE BEAUREPAIRE, Chevalier. Mémoire, status et prospectus, concernant l'Académie des sciences et beaux-arts des États Unis de L'Amérique,

établie à Richemond. Paris, 1788.

15. SUNDRY DOCUMENTS on the subject of a system of public education for the State of Virginia. Richmond, 1817.

16. SICARD, ABBÉ. History of education from 1762 to 1808 in France (see Le correspondant, new series, Nos. 79, 82, 84, 86, 87, and 88).

17. DRAPER, ANDREW S. Origin and development of the New York commonschool system, Albany, 1890.

18. CURTIS, Chancellor GEORGE WILLIAM. The University of the State of New York; an address delivered at the university convocation. Albany, 1890. (Regents' bulletin, No. 2, 1890.)

19. HOWARD, Prof. GEORGE E. Evolution of the university; annual address before the alumni association of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebr., 1890.

APPENDIX.

STATE CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE 9.

1. Common schools.-The legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a system of free common schools, wherein all the children of this State may be educated.

2. Higher education.-The corporation created in the year 1784, under the name of the regents of the University of the State of New York, is hereby continued under the name of the University of the State of New York. It shall be governed and its corporate powers, which may be increased, modified, or diminished by the legislature, shall be exercised by not less than nine regents.

3. Educational funds.-The capital of the common-school fund, the capital of the literature fund, and the capital of the United States deposit fund shall be respectively preserved inviolate. The revenue of the said common-school fund shall be applied to the support of common schools, the revenue of the said litera

ture fund shall be applied to the support of academies, and the sum of $25,000 of the revenues of the United States deposit fund shall each year be appropriated to and make part of the capital of the said common-school fund.

4. Restriction of subsidies.-Neither the State nor any subdivision thereof shall use its property or credit or any public money, or authorize or permit either to be used, directly or indirectly, in aid or maintenance, other than for examination or inspection, of any school or institution of learning wholly or in part under the control or direction of any religious denomination or in which any denominational tenet or doctrine is taught.

(See also ordinance 4, page 466.)

UNIVERSITY LAW.

[Laws of New York, 1892, chapter 378, as amended to June, 1897.

AN ACT to revise and consolidate the laws relating to the University of the State of New York. The people of the State of New York, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:

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§ 1. Short title: This chapter shall be known as the university law. § 2. Definitions: As used in this chapter

1. Academies are incorporated schools for instruction in higher branches of education, but not authorized to confer degrees, and such high schools, academic departments in union schools, and similar unincorporated schools as are admitted by the regents to the university as of academic grade.

2. The term college includes universities and other institutions for higher education authorized to confer degrees.

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3. University means University of the State of New York.

4. Regents means board of regents of the University of the State of New York. 5. State superintendent means State superintendent of public instruction.

6. Higher education means education in advance of common elementary branches, and includes the work of academies, colleges, universities, professional and technical schools, and educational work connected with libraries, museums, university extension courses, and similar agencies.

7. The term trustees includes directors, managers, or other similar members of the governing board of an educational institution.

§ 3. Corporate name and objects: The corporation created in 1784 under the name of Regents of the University of the State of New York shall continue and be known as the University of the State of New York. Its objects shall be to encourage and promote higher education, to visit and inspect its several institutions and departments, to distribute to or expend or administer for them such property and funds as the State may appropriate therefor or as the university may own or hold in trust or otherwise, and to perform such other duties as may be intrusted to it.

(See also constitution, art. 9, § 2.)

4. Regents: The university shall be governed and all its corporate powers exercised by 19 elective regents, and by the governor, lieutenant-governor, secreretary of state, and superintendent of public instruction, who shall be ex officio regents. In case of the death, resignation, refusal to act, or removal from the State of any elective regent, his successor shall be chosen by the legislature in the manner provided by law for the election of Senators in Congress, except that the election may take place at such time during the session of the legislature as it may determine. No person shall be at the same time an elective regent of the university and a trustee, president, principal, or any other officer of any institution belonging to the university.

(Must be at least nine regents. See constitution, art. 9, § 2.)

§ 5. Officers: The elective officers of the university shall be a chancellor and a vice-chancellor who shall serve without salary, a secretary, and such other officers as are deemed necessary by the regents, all of whom shall be chosen by ballot by the regents and shall hold office during their pleasure; but no election, removal, or change of salary of an elective officer shall be made by less than 10 votes in favor thereof. Each regent and each elective officer shall, before entering on his duties, take and file with the secretary of state the oath of office required of State officers.

The chancellor shall preside at all convocations and at all meetings of the regents, confer all degrees which they shall authorize, and fix the time and place of all special meetings. In his absence or inability to act the vice-chancellor, or if he be also absent, the senior regent present shall perform all the duties and have all the powers of the chancellor.

(See also by-laws 8, p. 482, for power to appoint committees, delegates, etc.)

The secretary shall be responsible for the safe-keeping and proper use of the university seal and of the books, records, and other property in charge of the regents, and for the proper administration and discipline of its various offices and

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