ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

In compiling the foregoing history acknowledgment is made of the following aids and authorities:

Publications of the United States Bureau of Education, especially the annual reports of land-grant colleges, circulars of information, histories of education in the various States, and Bulletin, 1905, No. 348, "General Laws Relating to Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges."

Annual reports and catalogues from the land-grant colleges from 1862 to 1916, inclusive.

Reports of State land boards, auditors, treasurers, comptrollers, and other State officials.

"History of the Agricultural College Land Grant of July 2, Halliday and Finch.

1862."

"Federal and State Aid to Higher Education.”—Blackmar. "National Legislation Concerning Education."-Germann. "Forty Years of the University of Minnesota."-E. Bird Johnson. "History of the University of Arkansas."-Reynolds and Thomas. "History of the University of North Carolina."-K. B. Battle. "History of Reconstruction, Why the Solid South."-Herbert. Session laws and codes of the various States and of the United States.

Thanks are due to Mr. L. A. Kalbach, former specialist in landgrant college statistics and later chief clerk of the Bureau of Education, for much timely assistance from his invaluable experience, and also to those State and college officers who have taken time and trouble to seek out and forward special information and statistics. and to aid with advice and suggestions.

BENJ. F. ANDREWS, Specialist in Land-Grant College Statistics.

THE LAND GRANT OF 1862 AND THE LAND-GRANT

COLLEGES.

MORRILL LAND-GRANT ACT OF 1862.

AN ACT Donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be granted to the several States, for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, an amount of public land, to be apportioned to each State a quantity equal to 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress to which the States are respectively entitled by the apportionment under the census of 1860: Provided, That no mineral lands shall be selected or purchased under the provisions of this act.

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the land aforesaid, after being surveyed, shall be apportioned to the several States in sections or subdivisions of sections, not less than one-quarter of a section; and wherever there are public lands in a State subject to sale at private entry at $1.25 per acre, the quantity to which said State shall be entitled shall be selected from such lands within the limits of such State; and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to issue to each of the States in which there is not the quantity of public lands subject to sale at private entry at $1.25 per acre to which said State may be entitled under the provisions of this act land scrip to the amount in acres for the deficiency of its distributive share, said scrip to be sold by said States and the proceeds thereof applied to the uses and purposes prescribed in this act, and for no other use or purpose whatsoever: Provided, That in no case shall any State to which land scrip may thus be issued be allowed to locate the same within the limits of any other State or of any Territory of the United States; but their assignees may thus locate said land scrip upon any of the unappropriated lands of the United States subject to sale at private entry at $1.25 or less an acre: And provided further, That not more than one million acres shall be located by such assignees in any one of the States: And provided further, That no such location shall be made before one year from the passage of this act.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all the expenses of management, superintendence, and taxes from date of selection of said lands previous to their sales and all expenses incurred in the management and disbursement of moneys which may be received therefrom shall be paid by the States to which they may belong, out of the treasury of said States, so that the entire proceeds of the sale of said lands shall be applied, without any diminution whatever, to the purposes hereinafter mentioned. SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That all moneys derived from the sale of the lands aforesaid by the States to which the lands are apportioned, and from the sales of land scrip herein before provided for, shall be invested in stocks of the United States or of the States, or some other safe stocks, yielding not less than 5 per centum upon the par value of said stocks; and that the moneys so invested shall constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished, except so far as may be provided in section fifth of this act, and the interest of which shall be inviolably appropriated by each State which may take and claim the benefit of this act to the

endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.

SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That the grant of land and land scrip hereby authorized shall be made on the following conditions, to which, as well as to the provisions herein before contained, the previous assent of the several States shall be signified by legislative acts:

First. If any portion of the fund invested as provided by the foregoing section, or any portion of the interest thereon, shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by the State to which it belongs, so that the capital of the fund shall remain forever undiminished; and the annual interest shall be regularly applied without diminution to the purposes mentioned in the fourth section of this act, except that a sum, not exceeding 10 per centum upon the amount received by any State under the provisions of this act, may be expended for the purchase of lands for sites or experimental farms whenever authorized by the respective legislatures of said States;

Second. No portion of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings;

Third. Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provisions of this act shall provide, within five years, at least not less than one college, as prescribed in the fourth section of this act, or the grant to such State shall cease; and said State shall be bound to pay the United States the amount received of any lands previously sold, and that the title to purchasers under the States shall be valid;

Fourth. An annual report shall be made regarding the progress of each college, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their costs and results, and such other matters, including State industrial and economical statistics, as may be supposed useful; one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail free, by each, to all the other colleges which may be endowed under the provisions of this act, and also one copy to the Secretary of the Interior;

Fifth. When lands shall be selected from those which have been raised to double the minimum price in consequence of railroad grants, they shall be computed to the States at the maximum price, and the number of acres proportionally diminished;

Sixth. No State, while in a condition of rebellion or insurrection against the Government of the United States, shall be entitled to the benefit of this act;

Seventh. No State shall be entitled to the benefits of this act unless it shall express its acceptance thereof by its legislature within two years from the date of its approval by the President.

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That land scrip issued under the provisions of this act shall not be subject to location until after the first day of January, 1863.

SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That land officers shall receive the same fees for locating land scrip issued under the provisions of this act as are now allowed for the location of military bounty land warrants under existing laws: Provided, That maximum compensation shall not be thereby increased.

SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That the governors of the several States to which scrip shall be issued under this act shall be required to report annually to Congress all sales made of such scrip until the whole shall be disposed of, the amount received for the same, and what appropriation has been made of the proceeds.

Approved, July 2, 1862. (12 Stat., 503.)

ACT OF 1864, TO EXTEND THE TIME FOR ACCEPTING THE GRANT.

AN ACT Of Congress extending the time within which the States and Territories may accept the grant of lands made by the act entitled “An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1862.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. That any State or Territory may accept, and shall be entitled to the benefit of the act entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1862, by expressing its acceptance thereof as provided in said act, within two years from the date of the approval of this act, subject, however, to the conditions in said act continued.

SEC. 2. And it is further enacted that the benefit of the provisions of this act, and of the said act approved July 2, 1862, be, and the same are hereby, extended to the State of West Virginia.

Approved, April 14, 1864.

ACT OF 1866, EXTENDING THE TIME WITHIN WHICH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES MAY BE ESTABLISHED.

AN ACT To amend the fifth section of an act entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1862, so as to extend the time within which the provisions of said act shall be accepted and such colleges established.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the time in which the several States may comply with the provisions of the act of July 2, 1862, entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," is hereby extended so that the acceptance of the benefits of the said act may be expressed within three years from the passage of this act, and the colleges required by the said act may be provided within five years from the date of the filing of such acceptance with the Commissioner of the General Land Office: Provided, That when any Territory shall become a State and be admitted into the Union such new States shall be entitled to the benefits of the said act of July 2, 1862, by expressing the acceptance therein required within three years from the date of its admission into the Union, and providing the college or colleges within five years after such acceptance, as prescribed in this act: Provided further, That any State which has heretofore expressed its acceptance of the act herein referred to shall have the period of five years within which to provide at least one college, as described in the fourth section of said act, after the time for providing said college, according to the act of July 2, 1862, shall have expired.

Approved, July 23, 1866. (14 Stat., 208.)

ACT OF 1883, AMENDING SECTION 4 OF THE ACT OF 1862. AN ACT To amend an act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the fourth section of the act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agricul49782-18-2

ture and the mechanic arts, approved July 2, 1862, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows:

SEC. 4. That all moneys derived from the sale of lands aforesaid by the States to which lands are apportioned, and from the sales of land scrip hereinbefore provided for, shall be invested in stocks of the United States or of the States, or some other safe stocks; or the same may be invested by the States having no State stocks, in any other manner after the legislatures of such States shall have assented thereto, and engaged that such funds shall yield not less than 5 per centum upon the amount so invested and that the principal thereof shall forever remain unimpaired: Provided, That the moneys so invested or loaned shall constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished (except so far as may be provided in section 5 of this act), and the interest of which shall be inviolably appropriated, by each State which may take and claim the benefit of this act, to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.

Approved, March 3, 1883. (22 Stat., 484.)

The act of Congress of July 2, 1862, known as the first Morrill Act, granted to each State 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator and Representative in Congress to which the State was entitled by the apportionment under the census of 1860; all money derived from the sale of these lands was to be invested by the State in securities bearing interest at not less than 5 per cent except that the legislature of the State might authorize the use of not more than 10 per cent of the capital for the purchase of sites for the college or experimental farms. The interest was to be used for the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object should be to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.1

Although the Territories are mentioned in the title of the act, in the act itself they are not included; consequently the grants of land were received only by the States. As each Territory was admitted to statehood, provision was made in its enabling act for a grant of land for agricultural and mechanical colleges in lieu of the original grant of 1862; so that, at the present time, only Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands do not participate in the grants either under the original act of 1862 or under later acts in lieu of it.

1 A very complete discussion of the action of Congress on this bill and on other bills in aid of colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts may be found in Bulletin No. 10, 1917, of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, "Federal Aid for Vocational Education," by I, L. Kandel,