He likewise 4. Of St. John he says, that he wrote last. supposes him to have seen and approved the other three gospels. St. John having observed what the other evangelists had written, added in his gospel some things omitted by the others. The occasion of his writing was the persuasion of his friends, and moreover he was moved by the Spirit. 5. The Acts of the Apostles also is owned by him, and ascribed to Luke as the author, who likewise translated the epistle to the Hebrews. 6. The epistle to the Hebrews is owned for Paul's; and Clement had been informed, that it was written in Hebrew. He had received likewise a tradition, giving an account of the reason why that apostle did not set his name to this, as he did to his other epistles. 7. Clement was a commentator of the scriptures. Eusebius says, that in his Institutions he had given short explications of all the canonical scripture. Photius however seems to render this doubtful in the account he gives of the same work. He says, thea Institutions of Clement con'tain discourses on some passages of the Old and New Testament, which he also explains and interprets in a ' brief and summary manner.' This indeed does not restrain Clement's commentaries to any particular books of scripture; for he might explain some passages in every book, without explaining the whole of any one. But Photius afterwards: The whole scope of the work seems to 'be an interpretation of Genesis, Exodus, the Psalms, the epistles of the divine Paul, and the catholic epistles, and 'Ecclesiasticus.' Which may well render it doubtful, whether Clement had commented upon all the books of scripture or rather, it affords good ground to conclude, that Clement had explained only some books of the Old and of the New Testament. And so it is likely, Eusebius ought to be understood: for Photius seems to have had before him entire the Hypotuposes of Clement, in which these expositions were. 6 6 says b 6 8. Lastly, Eusebius says, Clement had given in that 'work short explications of the scriptures, not omitting those that are contradicted; as the epistle of Jude, and the other catholic epistles, and the epistle of Barnabas, * Αἱ μεν ουν Ὑποτυπώσεις διαλαμβανεσι περι ῥητων τινων της τε παλαιας και νεας γραφης ών και κεφαλαιωδως, ὡς δηθεν, εξηγησιν τε και ἑρμηνειαν ποιείται. Cod. cix. » Ο δε όλος σκοπος, ώσανει ἑρμηνειαι τυγχάνεσι της Γενέσεως, της Εξοδε, των Ψαλμων, τε θειε Παυλο των επιτολων, και των καθολικων, και το Εκκλησιατικο. Ibid. ' and the book called the Revelation of Peter.' But I think it does not hence follow, that Clement paid a like or equal respect to all these books. Le Clerc in our time has written notes upon the writings of the apostolical fathers, as well as upon the books of scripture commonly received as canonical, without having the same regard for the former as for these latter. But of this we shall see more hereafter: for having thus shown what Eusebius, and some other ancients, have observed of St. Clement's method of quoting scripture, I shall briefly observe upon his remaining works. V. In his Stromata, or Various Discourses, he says in answer to an objection: We have not this passage in the four gospels delivered to us, but in that according to Egyptians.' The four gospels are often quoted: I shall put down a particular or two of each. 1. In the gospel according to Matthew, the genealogy from Abraham is brought down to Mary, the mother of the Lord.' 2. In the three larger works of Clement, the Exhortation to the Gentiles, the Pedagogue, and the Stromata, the gospel of St. Mark is not quoted by name, though there are divers passages taken from it. But in the short treatise, Who is the Rich Man that may be saved?' having quoted the words of Mark x. 17-31, he adds: These things are written in the gospel according to Mark.' 6 3. The truth of this is evident. For thus it is written in the gospel according to Luke: "Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Cæsar the word of the Lord came unto John the son of Zacharias,' Ch. iii. 1, 2. 999 4. The Lord, in the gospel according to John, speaks figuratively: "Eat my flesh," saith he, " and drink my blood." Referring to ch. vi. 53, 54. 5. We should here just take notice of an observation of Clement, That there were some who had written short marginal notes or interlineary explications of texts of the New Testament, or at least of the gospels. This seems to c Πρωτον μεν ουν, εν τοις παραδεδομενοις ἡμιν τετταρσιν ευαγγελίοις εκ εχόμεν το ῥητον, αλλ' εν τῳ κατ' Αιγυπτίως. Str. l. iii. p. 465. D. Εν δε τῳ κατα Ματθαιον ευαγγελιῳ ή απο Αβρααμ γενεαλογια, μέχρι Μαρίας της μητρος τ8 Κυρι8, περαιεται. Str. 1. i. p. 341. B. • Ταυτα μεν εν τῳ κατα Μαρκον ευαγγελιῳ γεγραπται Quis Div. &c. sect. 5. p. 938. Oxon. f. Ότι δε τετ' αληθες εςιν, εν τῳ ευαγγελιῳ τῳ κατα Λεκαν γεγραπται οὕτως κ. λ. p. 340. A. Str. 1. i. 5 Αλλαχοθι δε και Κύριος εν τῳ κατα Ιωαννην ευαγγελίω. κ. λ. Pad. l. i. p. 100. A. 'Blessed are they be what he means, when he says: which are persecuted for righteousness' sake, because they shall be called the sons of God: [see Matt. v. 9, 10:] or, as some of those who explain [or paraphrase] the gospels,' "Blessed," says he, "are they which are persecuted by righteousness, because they shall be perfect." And, “ Blessed are they which are persecuted for my sake, because they shall have a place where no persecution reaches." I only put down this passage. Mill, who is in every body's hands, may be consulted upon it. 66 VI. The book of the Acts of the Apostles is often quoted in these works. It is ascribed to St. Luke thus: Ask Luke in the Acts of the Apostles records Paul to have said: "Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious." Quoting ch. xvii. 22, 23. VII. I shall give the following account of his quoting St. Paul's epistles. 1. The apostle in the epistle to the Romans, ch. xvi. 16. "Behold" therefore, saith Paul," the goodness and severity of God," &c. ch. xi. 22. In" like manner writes Paul in the epistle to the Romans,' ch. vi. 2, 6-13. 66 6 2. The blessed Paul, in the first epistle to the Corinthians: Brethren, be not children in understanding: howbeit, in malice be ye children, but in understanding be ye men,' "ch. xiv. 20. And in like manner frequently. 3. He has also many passages out of the second epistle to the Corinthians. The apostle calls the common doctrine of the faith a 66 savour of knowledge," in the second to the Corinthians,' [See ch. ii. 14,] where he proceeds to quote 2 Cor. iii. 14. Again: Hence also ¶ Paul: "Ye have these promises," says he, " dearly beloved: let us cleanse our hearts from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God,"' 2 Cor. vii. 1. * Η ώς τινες των μετατιθεντων τα ευαγγελια. κ. λ. Str. l. iv. p. 490. C. i Prolegom. ad N. T. n. 287, 640. * Καθο και ὁ Λεκας εν ταις Πραξεσι των Αποςόλων απομνημονεύει τον Παυ λον λεγοντα Ανδρες Αθηναιοι. κ. λ. Str. l. v. p. 588. Β. 1 Εν τη προς Ρωμαιος επιτολή χαιρειν ὁ αποςολος ὁμολογεῖ. κ. λ. Pæd. 1. i. p. 89. B. π. Ιδε ουν, φησιν ὁ Παυλος. κ. λ. p. 117. C. η Ομοιως, δε και ὁ Παυλος εν τῇ προς Ρωμαιος επιςολη γραφει. Str. l. iii. p. 457. B. Σαφέσατα γεν ὁ μακαριος Παυλος εν τη προτερα προς Κορινθιες επιτολῃ. Pæd. 1. i. p. 96. D. • Την δε κοινην διδασκαλιαν της πίςεως οσμην γνωσεως ειρηκεν, εν τη δευτερα προς Κορινθιες. Str. 1. iv. p. 514. Α. 4 Όθεν και ὁ Παυλος-Ταυτας ουν εχετε τας επαγγελιας, φησιν, αγαπ πητοι" καθαρισωμεν ἑαυτων τας καρδιας. κ. λ. Str. 1. iii. p. 456. D. 4. Wherefore also Paul writing to the Galatians says: "My little children, of whom I travail in birth again, until Christ be formed in you." This epistle is also frequently cited as the apostle's, as Paul's. S t 5. Wherefore the blessed apostle: "I testify in the Lord," says he, " that ye walk not as other Gentiles walk," Eph. iv. 17, 18, 19, in another place: Wherefore in the epistle to the Ephesians he writes: "Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God," &c. Eph. v. 21, 22. V 999 6. When Paul" confesseth of himself: "Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect,' &c. Philip. iii. 12-14. He quotes part of the first and second chapters of this epistle, as expressly concerning the Philippians. He quotes it again in this manner: The " apostle also of the Lord, exhorting the Macedonians, says: "The Lord is at hand," take heed that we be not found empty, Philip. iv. 5. X 7. The epistle to the Colossians is often quoted by Clement, expressly with that title, as the apostle's, or as Paul's. 6 8. This they blessed Paul plainly signified, saying: "When we might have been burdensome, as the apostles of Christ, we were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children," 1 Thess. ii. 6, 7. Words of this epistle are quoted by him several times as the apostle's. 6 9. And the apostle says: "There is not in every man that knowledge." [1 Cor. viii. 7.]" But pray ye, that we may be delivered from unreasonable and wicked men: for all men have not faith," 2 Thess. iii. 2. I think this is the only place in which this epistle is quoted by Clement. 10. Of which the apostle writing, says: "O Timothy, * Διο και Παυλος Γαλαταις επιςελλων, φησι· Τεκνια με. κ. λ. Str. l. iv. p. 468. B. 5 Δια τετο ὁ μακαριος αποςολος, Μαρτυρομαι εν a Κυριῳ, φησιν, κ. λ. Adm. ad G. p. 54. Α. Β. * Διο και εν τη προς Εφεσιες γραφει. κ. λ. Str. 1. iv. p. 499. C. " Αυτε ὁμολογοντος τε Ιαυλ8 περι ἑαυτε Ουχ ότι ηδη ελαβον. κ. λ. Pæd. 1. i. p. 107. D. * Τες Φιλιππησίες συμμετοχές της χάριτος W Kaλwv. Str. l. iv. p. 511. A. X Καν τη προς Κολοσσαείς επιςολη. _ Str. l. i. p. 277. Β. Vid. l. iv. p. 499. D. 1. v. p. 576. C. l. vi. p. 645. D. * Τετο του σαφεςατα ὁ μακαριος Παυλος ὑπεσημηνατο, ειπων Δυνάμενοι εν βαρει ειναι, ὡς Χριςε αποςολοι, κ. λ. Pæd. 1. i. p. 89. A. Str. 1. v. p. 544. A. a * Και ουκ εν πασι, φησιν ὁ αποςολος, ἡ γνωσις προσευχεσθε δε, κ. λ. Περι ἧς αποτολος γραφων, Ω Τιμόθεε, φησιν, -ύπο ταυτης ελεγχομενοι της φωνης οἱ απο των αἱρέσεων, τας προς Τιμοθεον αθετεσιν επιτολας. Str. 1. ii. p. 383. C. keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science, falsely so called; which some professing, have erred concerning the faith." [1 Tim. vi. 20, 21.] The heretics confuted by this saying, reject the epistles to Timothy.' This alone amounts to a strong assertion of the genuineness of two epistles of the apostle to Timothy. Moreover, he has frequently quoted words of the second epistle, and mentions it expressly as Paul's. 11. The epistle to Titus is also quoted several times. And he observes, that Paul had cited Epimenides the Cretan in his epistle to Titus, after this manner: "One of themselves, a poet of their own, said: "The Cretans are always liars," &c. Tit. i. 12, 13. 12. The epistle to Philemon is no where quoted in the remaining works of Clement. This may be ascribed to its brevity. d 13. We have already seen enough in a passage of Eusebius, taken chiefly from the Institutions of Clement, to satisfy us that Clement received the epistle to the Hebrews as Paul's. Nevertheless it will not be improper to observe a passage or two in his remaining works, in confirmation of what has been said by Eusebius. Nor does Paul (says Clement in his Stromata) appear to have blamed philosophy in his epistles, though he would not have the more perfect return to it.-Wherefore writing to the Hebrews, who were declining from the faith to the law: "Have ye need," says he, “that one teach you again, which be the first principles of the oracles of God, and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat?" [Heb. v. 12.] In like manner to the Colossians, converted from Gentilism: "Beware, lest any spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit." [Col. ii. 8.] Thus he expressly ascribes the epistle to the Hebrews to Paul, and to the same person who wrote that to the Colossians. And in many other places of these works he quotes the epistle to the Hebrews as the apostle's, the divine apostle's, and Paul's. e b Εν τη έτερα προς Τιμόθεον επιτολῳ ὁ γενναιος διατάσσεται Παυλος. Str. 1. iii. p. 448. C. • Οἱ δε Επιμενίδην τον Κρητα ού μεμνηται ὁ αποςολος Παυλος εν τη προς Τιτον επιςολῃ. κ. λ. Str. 1. i. p. 299. B. C. d Επει και Παυλος εν ταις επιτολαις 8 φιλοσοφιαν διαβαλλων φαινεται-διο και τοις ̔Εβραιοις γραφων, τους επανακαμπτεσιν εις νομον εκ πίςεως, Η παλιν, φησι, χρειαν εχετε τα διδασκειν ύμαςτοις εξ Ελληνων επιτρεφεσι Κολοσσαευσι. κ. λ. Str. l. vi. p. 645. C. D. e Str. 1. ii. p. 362. B. p. 364. A. p. 420. B. C. 1. iv. p. 514. C. D. p. 515. A. et alibi. ; αρα και |