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academy was established in connection with the college to serve as a Preparatory department and to afford academical instruction to those who did not desire to pursue the collegiate course. The plan of the coeducation of the sexes was adopted, and has been kept up with the most satisfactory results during the whole history of the college; the men are always largely in the majority. But few ladies have thus far taken the classical course, most of them preferring the scientific1 or ladies' course.

The campus originally comprised 5 acres of ground. In 1868, 3 acres adjoining the original purchase were bought. The whole is surrounded on all sides by streets.

The first building erected by the college was constructed to meet all the general needs of the institution, such as recitation, library, and cabinet rooms, chapel, and dormitory. This building was commenced in 1850 and completed in 1853, from which time till now it has been occupied by the college. Its probable cost was about $25,000. For 16 years this building stood alone on the campus, but in 1868 a commodious brick residence, known as the "President's House," was erected with fund's obtained from friends of the college by Rev. George W. Williard, D. D., then and still president of the college. A large boarding hall was erected in 1873, at a cost of $7,000. About the year 1882 the friends of the college became convinced that its growing necessities demanded larger and better accommodations and began to agitate the project of a new building. The feeling soon became general, and despite the hard struggle which the college had made before paying for the old building, the new structure was finally resolved on. The work was begun in 1884 and the building was dedicated in June, 1886. This building is 102 by 92 feet in dimension, or, including the wings, 141 feet in length and 102 feet in width; it is 3 stories in height, with a basement. The entire cost of the building, including heating apparatus and furnishing, was about $60,000. The completion of this building is believed by the friends of the college to have marked the beginning of a new era in its history. Music, art, and business departments have been added to the college since its enlarged quarters gave room for such departments.

The present endowment of the college is about $115,000, including $20,000 given by A. H. Baughman, esq., of Xenia, for the special endowment of a professorship of Latin and biblical instruction. The endowment fund of the institution has been secured by individual dona→tions and by the sale of scholarships. Sixteen of the donations (aggregating $64,000) have exceeded $1,000 each, while the number of smaller contributors is very large. The number of family and perpetual scholarships, for which $50 and $300 respectively were paid, is about 1,500.

That the women prefer the scientific course at Heidelberg is a point wherein the experience of that college differs from that of most colleges, and can be accounted for only by the nature of the course given at the college under that name,

The campus, comprising 83 acres, with the buildings, is worth probably $125,000.

The college has on its list of alumni 321 names, which is probably not more than one-fifth of the number who have entered its freshmen classes. In 1887-88 there were 270 names in the catalogue, of which 91 were in the collegiate courses. (Seniors, 25; juniors, 16; sophomors, 23; fresh-4 men, 27).

The presidents of the college have been Rev. E. V. Gerhart, D. D., 1850-1855; Rev. Moses Kiefer, D. D., 1855-1863; Rev. Geo. W. Aughenbaugh, D. D., 1863-1864; Rev. Geo. W. Williard, D. D., LL. D., 1866 to the present time (1889).

The first faculty consisted of the president and four professors and assistants; the present faculty of the collegiate department proper includes chairs of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy, Natural Sciences, Belles-letters and History, Greek, Latin, German, and French.

The library owned by the college, the theological seminary, and the literary societies, and to which students have free access, contains about 6,000 volumes. The endowment fund of the library is about $5,000, the annual income of which is available for the purchase of books. The college possesses a museum, or "cabinet," of moderate size, containing "a collection of fossils, minerals, and geological specimens." There are at present no laboratories for experimental work in any of the sciences, though a chemical laboratory is now being equipped.

The college has always devoted its chief energies to the classics, with mathematics, philosophy, and literature; and, in the language of its president, "has constantly recommended this as the best training." As the Reformed Church is of German origin, and stands in close relations to the German population of this country, special stress has been laid upon the study of German in the college, and every student expecting to graduate must pursue the study of the German language and literature for three years.

The following statement from the pen of President Williard may properly conclude this sketch:

The religious life of Heidelberg College, whilst free from sectarianism and bigotry, has nevertheless been clearly marked and defined. Lectures are given during the year on the Bible and the evidences of Christianity. The recitations of each day are begun with appropriate religious exercises, upon which all the students are required to attend. In this way special pains have been taken to make Heidelberg College a Christian institution, as was designed by its founders.

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[AUTHORITIES: The foregoing sketch is principally condensed from a manuscript sketch furnished by President Williard. Some material has been taken from "The History of Heidelberg College," by Rev. Geo. W. Williard, D. D., Cincinnati, 1879, pp. 347; from Education in Ohio, Columbus, 1876, and from recent catalogues of the college.]

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XIX-ASHLAND UNIVERSITY.

(ASHLAND, ASHLAND COUNTY.)

In 1879 Ashland College was built upon a fine elevation south of the city of Ashland, half a mile distant from the business part.

Its founding was due to the feeling of the need of a higher education of their children, of a religious sect known as the German Baptist or Dunkard Church. This feeling was not universal in the church, and hence arose a dispute in the Annual Conference, which resulted in a general split of the church in 1881-greatly to the detriment of the college. This hindered its financial support until recently, in 1889, when it was rechartered under the auspices of one branch of the church known as the Progressive Brethren. It was rechartered under the name of Ashland University, which name it now bears.

BUILDINGS.

Its buildings are large and commodious, the main college building costing about $40,000, and the boarding hall $20,000, all well finished, furnished, and substantial.

The first president, Rev. S. Z. Sharp, a graduate of Pennsylvania 'State normal and late professor in Maryville College, Tennessee, was well received, and was an excellent teacher, a scholar, and a model for social and religious refinement. Being of strong mind and unbending will, he fell a victim to the church controversy and other troubles, more or less related thereto, which caused him to resign his position at the end of the first year.

Ashland College started with liberal courses of studies in all the departments usual in a first-class college.

The normal department was under the special charge of President Sharp, as were theology, moral and mental science; J. E. Stubbs, A. M., vice-president, professor of Greek and English literature; Leonard Huber, A. M., professor of Latin, German, and French; David Bailey, A. M., professor of mathematics; Jacob Keim, PH. B., professor of the natural sciences. There was a business or commercial department; also, a music and fine art department.

Two literary societies were in progress during the first 4 years of its history. The first society organized was the Pierian; the other, named Dallas, was organized soon after. The Pierian society is still in active order, while the Dallas has been discontinued several years.

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From 1882 to 1889 there were frequent changes in the managers and courses of studies, the original faculty having disbanded in 1882 with a feeling that the institution would be in doubt and dispute for some time to come, and thus must fail to be financially supported.

Now in 1889, after being rechartered under the auspices and ownership of the Progressive Brethren Church it is called Ashland Univer sity, and is prepared in its courses of study to enlarge in all departments of knowledge according to the demands of the times.

Its present managers are men of practical school experience. Professor Tombaugh, A. M., president; Prof. A. Pearson, M. D., vice president; Prof. S. E. Shook, B. S., secretary. These gentlemen are of a high standard in Christian character, and are stamping the impress of their own Christianity upon all with whom they come in contact.

The institution is Christian, but not sectarian; thus making it a fit place to receive an education for the ministry in any church of orthodox Christianity.

In the first organization of the institution the board of trustees consisted of 15 members, all being members of the Dunkard Church. ◄ This caused a feeling of coldness to grow in the city toward the school, and gave rise to misapprehensions regarding its management. Whereas, under the new charter, each State is entitled to 3 trustees from the church, provided the church conference of the State will indorse and pledge its support to the institution, and the city and county of Ashland are entitled to choose 3 trustees to represent their interests in it, thus giving the community outside of the church a fair representation.