TABLE 3-1.-HISTORY OF PERSONNEL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE-Continued 1949............... 1950........ 1953.. 1958. 1961............. 1964. 1965. 1968............. 1970-1971........ 1972.............. 1976............... Notes 1,551 Deputy Secretary and three assistant Secretaries au- 2,004 Structure of organization changed to accommodate the 1,751 Assistant Secretary (Civil Defense) established. Plan- 2,217 Civil Defense function transferred to Army. 2,621 New organizations created to exercise staff supervision 2,403 Second Deputy Secretary (primarily focused on Intelligence) established. Further reductions directed by Deputy Secretary Packard. Defense Security Assistance Agency established as a Defense Agency with 71 Military Assistance Program (MAP) funded OSD spaces. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency established as a Defense Agency (reducing OSD by 184 spaces). Intelligence, Telecommunications, and Test and Evaluation functions expanded. 2,184 Defense Audit Service (DAS) established and 110 spaces transferred from OASD (Comptroller) to DAS. Inspector General for Intelligence established. TABLE 3-1.-HISTORY OF PERSONNEL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE-Continued 1977.............. 1981............. 1982.. Notes 1,583 Personnel reductions directed by Secretary Brown. Transferred operating functions with 261 spaces to establish Washington Headquarters Services (administrative services, computer support, statistical reporting); 76 other spaces transferred to Military Departments and Defense Agencies (small groups of spaces and functions from throughout OSD). Eliminated a net of 209 other spaces while establishing an Under Secretary of Defense (Policy), a Deputy Under Secretary (Policy Review), and providing increased emphasis on NATO. Second Deputy Secretary of Defense eliminated. 1,667 Assistant Secretary (International Security Policy) established. Defense Legal Services Agency established, transferring 51 spaces from the OSD General Counsel. Assistant to the Secretary (Review and Oversight)-ATSD (R&O)-established. 1,773 DoD Inspector General established. ATSD (R&O) subsumed by the DoD Inspector General. Emphasis placed on intelligence; command, control, and communications; NATO standardization; acquisition management; and technology transfer. 1 January 1948. b. Defense Agencies There has been, however, substantial personnel growth in the last two decades in subordinate organizations which report directly to OSD: Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities. The growth in these agencies and activities resulted from the McCormack-Curtis Amendment to the Reorganization Act of 1958. This amendment authorized the Secretary of Defense, whenever he determined that it would be advantageous in terms of effectiveness, economy, or efficiency, to provide for the performance of any common supply or service by a single agency or such other organization as he deemed appropriate. This amendment allowed the Department of Defense some organizational flexibility and facilitated the integration of common functions. Two Defense Agencies antedate the McCormack-Curtis Amendment. In November 1952, the National Security Agency was established by Presidential directive and placed under the Secretary of Defense. The Advanced Research Projects Agency was established under the Secretary in February 1958, but it did not formally gain status as a Defense Agency until 1972. The first Defense Agency to be formed following the 1958 Reorganization Act was the Defense Atomic Support Agency in May 1959 (which in 1972 became the Defense Nuclear Agency). None of these initial agencies involved functions in which the Services had any great proprietary interest. But Service functions and interests were involved in the establishment of several of the Defense Agencies that followed; notable in this category were the agencies to consolidate and integrate communications, supply, and intelligence. Currently, there are 15 Defense Agencies including the DoD Inspector General and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. (While the Court of Military Appeals has often been included in the Defense Agency category, it is excluded from this discussion because OSD has only administrative responsibilities for this organization.) The Defense Agencies are listed below in the order that they or their predecessor organization (date in parentheses) came into existence, with the date showing when they gained official Defense Agency status: The growth in the number of Defense Agencies and an expansion of their responsibilities were accompanied by substantial growth in assigned manpower. Between 1960 and 1983, the civilian and military personnel strengths of the Defense Agencies grew from 8,669 to 74,565. (Due to classification, personnel strengths for the National Security Agency have been excluded from these totals.) While this latter number includes both civilian and military personnel, the vast majority -92.3 percent -are civilians. c. DoD Field Activities DoD Field Activities also perform selected support and service functions, but of a more limited scope than Defense Agencies. The creation of DoD Field Activities is a more recent initiative with the first activity established in 1974. There are currently eight DoD Field Activities, established in the following years. DOD FIELD ACTIVITIES Department of Defense Dependents Schools........ Office of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (OCHAMPUS).......... American Forces Information Service (AFIS) Washington Headquarters Services (WHS) Office of Economic Adjustment. Defense Medical Systems Support Center 1974 1974/ 1977 1977 1978 1985 1985 1985 Defense Technology Security Administration Defense Information Services Activity. Between 1975 and 1983, military and civilian manpower assigned to these activities increased from 417 to 11,366 personnel. d. Summary Table 3-2 provides a detailed track of the personnel strengths of OSD and subordinate components between 1960 and 1983 in 5-year increments. These personnel strengths are summarized in the following table. OSD........ 1,748 Defense agencies... 8,669 Field activities........ 2,407 2,732 2,255 1,605 1,896 47,513 73,017 77,492 69,490 74,565 0 504 231 9,699 11,366 Total....... 10,417 50,424 75,980 80,164 80,794 87,827 417 2. Number of OSD Political Appointees The following table shows the number of senior appointments in OSD and the percentage of those appointments that are political (non-career). This table shows: • some growth in senior executive positions and absolute numbers of political (non-career) appointments; and • political appointments have continued over the last 10 years to represent between 20-25 percent of total senior executive positions. 52-314 0-85-3 |