Democracy in Black Africa: Survival and Revival

African appear areas argued army attempt authoritarian banned became become Botswana British candidates chiefs choice civilian claim clear colonial communal competitive considerable constitution contest continued coup democracy democratic despite dominance doubt economic elections electoral elite emerged ethnic evidence example existence fact failed federal forces further gained Gambia Ghana groups important increased independence individual interests involved largely later lead leaders least less London majority Mauritius military minority move Nigeria opposition parties organization percent period political system population position possible present President presidential Press problems produced reasons regime regional remained representatives Republic revival role rule seats seen significant single single-party social South strong Studies success suggests took Uganda University vote West Zimbabwe