ceived the second position on the Presidential slate.

The canvass of 1816 was entered with the nomination of Rufus King for the Presidency, but the successful and proud termination of the war with England left the Federal party without popular support. There is nothing that takes better with the masses than success, and what hope could there be for a party that had hampered the Administration and hindered the prosecution of the war?

The Federal party regarded England in her struggle with Napoleon as the "world's last hope." Josiah Quincy denounced the war in most scathing terms. Webster was too wise to oppose the war in general, but in order to satisfy a highly incensed constituncy, he divided his opinion and favored war on the seas, but deprecated the invasion of Canada. Clay, Calhoun, Lowndes, Cheves and others in the Republican party, advocated war and were determined to bring it to a victorious result.

X. FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

During the years 1813-14 it will be noticed the duties on exports and imports very nearly ceased, while the expenditure and public debt more than proportionately increased, and of course this was entirely due to the war. In his message to Congress, December 5, 1815, the President declared that "the amount of the funded debt contracted in consequence of the war, was $64,000,000;" and in his final message, December 3, 1816, he said, "The aggregate of the funded debt, composed of debts incurred during

the wars of 1776 and 1812, has been estimated with reference to January next at a sum not exceeding $110,000,000."

XI. OUTLINE OF CONCURRENT EVENTS. England: George IV. Regent, 1811; war with France, with America.

France: Fifth coalition against, by England and Austria 1809; Victory of Wagram 1809; divorce of Josephine 1809, and marriage of Maria Louisa 1810; Napoleon in Russia 1812, with 500,000 men, only 40,000 returned; Sixth coalition by Russia and Prussia 1813, all Europe against Napoleon, 800,000 against 400,000; Allies in Paris March 31, 1814; Napoleon sent to Elba 1814, returned for 100 days 1815, was defeated at Waterloo June 18, 1815, and was banished to St. Helena July 15, 1815. Wellington recived a vote of thanks and $1,000,000 a a memorial of his great victory.

Union of Sweden and Norway, 1814.

Germany: War of German Independence 1813,

1814.

The Holy Alliance formed September 26, 1815.

CHAPTER V.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF JAMES MONROE.

Republican. Two Terms, 1817 to.

I. CABINET.

PRESIDENT.

1817. James Monroe, Virginia.

VICE PRESIDENT.

1825.

1817. Daniel D. Tompkins, New York.

SECRETARY OF STATE.

1817. John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts.

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY.

1817. William H. Crawford, Georgia.

SECRETARIES OF WAR.

1817. Isaac Shelby, Kentucky, (declined.) 1817. George Graham, Virginia.

1817. John C. Calhoun, South Carolina.

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY.

1817. Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts. 1818. Smith Thompson, New York.

1823. John Rogers, Massachusetts.

1823. Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey.

POSTMASTERS GENERAL.

1817. Return J. Meigs, Ohio.

1823. John McLean, Ohio.

ATTORNEYS GENERAL.

1817. Richard Rush, Pennsylvania. 1817. William Wirt, Virginia.

II. SENATORS ELECTED PRESIDENTS PRQ TEMPORE OF THE SENATE.

1819. James Barbour, Virginia.

1820. John Gaillard, South Carolina.

III. SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN-
TATIVES.

XV. Congress, Henry Clay, Kentucky.

XVI. 66

66

XVII,
XVIII. 66

Henry Clay, Kentucky.
John W. Taylor, New York.

Philip P. Barbour, Virginia.
Henry Clay, Kentucky.

IV. THE EIGHTH ELECTION,

Electoral vote: For President, James Monroe, 183; Rufus King, N. Y., 34. For Vice President: Daniel D. Tompkins 183; John Eager Howard, Md., 22; James Ross, Pa., 5; John Marshall, Va., 4, and Robert Goodloe Harper, Md., 3. Total, 217. Nineteen States voted.

V. THE NINTH ELECTION.

Electoral vote: For President, James Monroe, 231; John Quincy Adams, 1. For Vice President: Daniel D. Tompkins, 218; Richard Stockton, N. J., 8; Robert G. Harper, Md., 1; Richard Rush, Pa., 1, and Daniel Rodney, Del., 4. Total, 232. Twenty-four States voted.

VI. POPULATION AND REPRESENTATION.

1820. Whites, 7,861,937; Free colored, 238,156; Slaves, 1,538,038; Total, 9,638,131.

The Ratio of Representation was determined at 40,000, producing a membership of 213.

March 4.

VII. HISTORICAL RECORD.

1817.

James Monroe took the oath of office and became the fifth President of the United States. In his inaugural address, "he repudiated by implication, if not directly, every principle of that old Republican party of which he had once been so ardent a supporter, adopting to their fullest extent, all the ultra-Federal doctrines of the new school, of which Clay and Calhoun were the leaders."-Hildreth. He favored a navy sufficiently strong to maintain the neutrality of the United States; he advocated a fostering care by the general government for the encouragement of manufactures; and he was not averse to the improvement of our country by roads and canals, "proceeding always with a constitutional sanction." He congratulated the country on the decline of party spirit, and expressed the desire to promote union and harmony between all interests and all parties.

December 10. Mississippi, the twentieth State, admitted.

1818.

March 16. The citizens of the territory of Mis