JOURNAL OF THE BELLES LETTRES. Having devoted so much of this Review to develope the character and position of the most influential man in Greek affairs, we shall only farther make a cento of a few of the most striking passages, as they regard various places and subjects. in the dance, he only laughed, and said, 'It is Touching the fine arts we select two short this intelligence caused as much dismay to the of the Greeks generally to understand the adpartisans of the president's family, as it did vantages of a representative government; and pleasure to the liberal-minded and intelligent therefore, previous to throwing any power into "I lately heard that the Greek government, portion of the inhabitants,-the Roumeliots, the hands of the delegates from the people, it notwithstanding their pretended love of the the Islanders, and the constitutional party, would be necessary to form municipalities, and formed the latter; whilst the ignorant Moreots, thus initiate them in the secrets of election." "The misrule of the president, during the fine arts, have been throwing down part of who were entirely at the beck of Colocotroni, composed the former party, backed by the coun- last two years, has placed the sovereign in a Tiryns, with the view of employing the stones cil miscalled senate, which, as I before ob- more difficult position than that of Capo d'Is-in a wall round a government farm. If true, served, contained a body of illiterate men quite trias in 1827, inasmuch that, in addition to the this act is most disgraceful; for every one who devoted to the will of Capo d'Istrias-his words vices of the Turkish administration, and to the has been in Greece, well knows that there is were their words, his wishes their wishes; and abuses crept in during the war, he has also to no lack of stone in the country. To think in parodying the words of Napoleon, he might unravel the web of Machiavellian texture with that Greeks should wilfully destroy what even which Capo d'Istrias has entangled the coun-Turks had respected, does not say much in with justice exclaim, What is the senate?. "If proper care be taken to form a museum, the senate is me!' Weighty reasons had been try; and so difficult, or rather hopeless, is this favour of their pretensions to civilisation." there is every reason to hope that Greece, inurged to bind Colocotroni to the cause of Capo task, that his only chance of succeeding will be Excad'Istrias; and many of the Moreots, who were in severing it at one blow." stead of having fewer beautiful sculptures than favoured beyond all the other Greeks, lent their wishes to the president. On the other hand, any other country, may possess more. the Roumeliots and Islanders, who were the vations, properly conducted, would bring a only Greeks that fought during the war, and great many interesting marbles to light; and of art shall henceforth be exported, she secures merit any praise for their patriotism, having a law having lately been passed, that no works had their services disregarded, and even treated Of Constantinople, so altered must it be by to herself those pieces of sculpture which are with derision by the president and his parasites, and for months been kept under arms recent events, Capt. Trant gives us a very new daily appearing: but when the government is "So many books (he says) have been finally organised, persons should be allowed to without an ostensible motive, and without pay picture. to save their families from starvation, until, in published relative to that city, that I am not excavate, on condition of resigning to the na At a distance, too, the Turkish functionaries their despair, they threatened to remunerate presumptuous enough to undertake a new ver- tion whatever it thinks worth retaining." themselves by the plunder of the more fortu- sion of an oft-told tale. I will only say, that I nate Moreots who saw no hopes of improving had the honour of playing at ecarté with the seem to have relaxed a little in their strictness. their condition but in the arrival of a sove- captain pasha; that I saw the members of the For instance, our countryman visited the Bey reign, whose first duty would be to act with sultan's cabinet drinking the health of the at Athens, where, after other ceremonies, &c., "Rum and water was now offered to us by justice towards his subjects-these hailed the king, and of Charles the Tenth, in bumpers of Captain T. relates: nomination of Prince Leopold with unfeigned champagne, at the supper-table of Count Guildelight. The constitutional party also at last leminot, on which a large ham was placed; the page; and the bey took repeated draughts, found their wishes gratified: all that they re- that I was present when Avney Bey, lieut.-gradually forgetting to mix it with water, quired was a prince, who, setting himself above colonel of the cavalry of the guard, and first until at last it was almost pure spirit. We the spirit of faction, would devote his talents aide-de-camp to the sultan, requested a lady were quite surprised that he should be so well solely to the amelioration of their unhappy to waltz with him, and continued dancing supplied with this beverage; but the source of country; and (without being too subservient during the whole evening; that the Turkish his wealth became accidentally disclosed to us. to England and France, or, like the president, Mr. Gropius proposed that we should visit a the mere slave of Russia) maintain Greece on small kiosk at the top of the house, whence a footing with the allied powers, which would there was an excellent view; and when the that it had been converted into a spirit store : evince her deep feelings of gratitude for their secretary conducted us thither, we discovered exertions in her favour, and not militate against "I have often met arobas [covered carts] full shelves full of lemons were ranged round the her independence. Capo d'Istrias well knew, that if a British prince ascended the throne of of laughing young Turkish ladies, driving out-room; several loaves of English sugar were Greece, his power would terminate; he had side of Constantinople, unattended by a guard- piled up in one corner; and some dozens of long since given up all hopes of imposing upon ian-they were going to enjoy a party of plea. bottles labelled with the word Rhum,' in the clear-sightedness of the British govern-sure on the banks of the Bosphorus, or perhaps large letters, were on the floor. It is fortunate ment, who had pierced through the flimsy veil were merely taking exercise; but during the for the Turks, that Mahomet was ignorant of he cast over his designing policy; he knew whole time that I was at Constantinople, I do the various uses of the sugar-cane; but as the that the false patriot appeared to them in his not recollect seeing any Greek ladies walking prophet had never heard of rum, and that his true colours; and by an underhand intrigue or riding about:-they remained shut up in guardian angel did not reveal its future apcould he alone hope to counteract the fate their houses, their sole occupation being that pearance to him, that spirit was not excluded which he foresaw awaited him. The senate of looking through the jalousies of their win- from the beverage of the true believers, who, was called he pulled the strings of his puppets dows to see what was going forward, and who availing themselves of the omission, drink --and whilst he uttered the words, the obedient was passing, in the dirtiest street of a place rum to excess. Captain Gordon increased the machines performed whatever the showman re- which has not improperly been called 'L'égout bey's stock, by a present which we knew would de l'Europe.' An English gentleman, who be most acceptable to him. A supper, similar quired." evening's entertainment; and the bey, whose "I had seen enough of Greece (says our had taken a house in a retired part of Pera, to that of the preceding evening, closed our intelligent author, towards the close of his stay was remonstrated with by a Greek ladyBefore dayin that country) to convince me, that although Your wife will never be able to bear that eyes were beginning to glisten, having stretchshe possesses great capabilities, yet that the stupid house,' said she; it does not look outed his mattress on the floor, and retired to future ruler will have a most arduous task to on the street.' A few Greek ladies may be rest, we followed his example. perform in bringing her within the bounds of met at the houses of the different ambassadors break next morning, the bey commenced civilisation. Inveterate habits and prejudices at Constantinople; but they are mostly the smoking his pipe; and shortly afterwards, the must be weeded from the minds of the people, wives or daughters of persons attached to the officers under his command came to attend his and their irascible passions calmed; a new im-embassies, and cannot be considered as genuine levee,-each making a humble salām, and then pulse must be given to the enterprising spirit samples of the Grecian fair, who live quite squatting in a circle on the floor, or at the of her mariners; a lawless soldiery is to be dis-amongst themselves, within the precincts of extremity of the divan where we were sitting, banded and thrown loose upon the country; the Fanar. One advice I would give the coffee and pipes being the succedaneum for The following are curious Greek charactertaxation must be enforced; roads made, and Greek ladies is, to take care that the Turks do conversation." "Great wealth accrued to the chiefs by the justice administered; and to effect these ob- not overtake them in the march of civilisation. The peasants, who jects, the new sovereign must be supported by This is an event which once would have been istics :a foreign army, and resolve to govern his sub-deemed impossible; but when I left Constantinople, the capitan pasha was going to give a plunder of Tripolizza. jects with a ball, where they were to be present in gal-knew not the value of precious stones, offered Main de fer et gant de velours.' The proceedings of Capo d'Istrias's assembly at leries; and Mr. Calosso assured me, that when diamonds for sale at one or two shillings each; Argos sufficiently demonstrate the incapacity | he asked the sultan whether they were to join and a pair of diamond-mounted pistols, worth ladies have lowered so much of their veil, that fifty thousand piasters, was sold for six thou- | of the patriarch; but much opposition is mani- mien, that, losing all presence of mind, he sand. Colocotroni amassed an immense booty fested by the bishops and principal dignitaries confessed that he was proceeding to that town. here; and from being a pennyless Klepth has of the church, who affect to view any innova- He had scarcely terminated his imprudent conbecome the richest man in Greece. The plun- tion on their religion as sacrilege. Although fession, than the Turk raised his arm to ent der the Greeks at various times acquired not so perfectly ignorant themselves of what their the Ionian's head off, and ordered the cutter to having been drawn from the country, it is evi- religion is founded upon, that they only know be sunk. Wilt thou destroy,' cried the dent that there must be a great deal of capital it by the ceremonies that they perform, they Greek, the life of him who saved thine own?" now concealed in Greece: but the Greeks are profess to consider any attempt at reform as an The Turk suspended his blow, and attentively so afraid of appearing rich, that when they do heretical invasion. The president having judi- considering him, soon recognised the person amass a little money, they immediately bury it, ciously taken possession of the church lands, who, some years previous, had saved him after and hide even from their dearest friends where disgusted many of the bishops, who view with a shipwreck in the Black Sea. He fell on his it is concealed. The Turks also buried their jealousy any encroachment upon their prero- neck, and embracing him, gave him the promoney; and the palicari used never to enter gatives, and are anxious still to hold their mise, that though, for appearance sake, he must a house without running their ramrods into investiture from the patriarch, as it only re-lead him to the castles, he would exert all his the floor, in the hopes of finding treasure. A quires a well-furnished purse to ensure their influence to procure his immediate release. NoTurkish gentleman, at the commencement of nomination. It, however, is evident, that no- thing might have been easier than to prove the the war, buried a large sum of money in a thing can be so injudicious as to allow a patri-cutter to be a fair prize. Although the clearance certain part of his house, which was destroyed arch nominated by and in the interest of the was for Calamo, he was taken close to Mesoduring the contest. Being afraid of trusting Porte, to have the spiritual control of the Greek longhi; the captain and crew had owned that himself in the power of the Greeks, he was nation; and enlightened men are all of opinion they were bound for that place; and, notwithunable to seek for his treasure; but when that the Greek church ought to have its chief standing the tale made out by Gamba, its false. hostilities ceased, he wrote to some European in Greece, as it is undoubtedly contrary to the hood might have been soon demonstrated by officers who were stationed near his house, of- canons of the church that their patriarch should inspecting the ship; where printing presses, fering them half of his wealth, provided they be nominated by an infidel. On the other hand, cannons with Lord Byron's arms and name, would dig it up, and transmit the remainder it is feared that this will create a schism, and helmets, could not easily be passed as part to him. The bargain was made, -the officers there being three million two hundred and fifty of the travelling apparatus of an English easily found the spot indicated, but the money thousand Asiatic Greeks who would recognise gentleman." had already been taken. Fool that I was,' the patriarch, whilst Greece could only number Sketch of Trelawney." Though somewhat said the Turk, when he heard of his misfor-seven hundred and fifty thousand. * below the full-grown stature, he was altogether tune; I entrusted my dearest friend with my "No measure could possibly be more condu- a very handsome man, possessed of great secret!" The Greeks are more cautious in cive to the interests of Greece than encouraging strength and surprising agility. Nature had keeping a secret, for not even the fear of ap-foreigners to become purchasers of government given him a highly romantic countenance: his proaching death will induce them to disclose property, on the condition of actual residence. wild, haughty, unquiet, scintillating dark eye, the site of their hoarded wealth; as an in- The population of the Greek kingdom being denoted his disposition to bold and extraordi. stance which occurred lately near Argos will only 750,000, is so inadequate to its extent of nary undertakings. In his manners and opi testify. There was an old Greek, apparently territory, that to do justice to the fertility of nions he seemed to have taken Anastasius for in the greatest misery, who was taken very ill, the soil, and natural advantages of the country, his model: and, to judge from his lofty lanand in a few days his life was despaired of his it is absolutely necessary that colonisation guage, he had a mint of phrases as rich as Don friends assembled round him; and when they should be resorted to; but that this system Adriano de Armado; and he entertained for his acquainted him that there was no hope, said may not tend to the prejudice of the actual heroes a veneration as deep as that of Don that he ought to make what arrangements he proprietors of land, and to prevent the nation Quixote himself, for all the giant-killers and wished relative to his property, and declare being burdened with the support of strangers, liberators of imprisoned virgins who had prewhether he had any money concealed. Money!' it must be carried on solely at the expense of ceded him. Born of a respectable Cornish faexclaimed the wretch; I am so poor, that I individuals. mily, he embarked when young as a midshiphave not enough to pay the expenses of my "With the increased demand for articles of man; but finding that the strictness of naval funeral, I am not worth a single para: how luxury would follow a proportionate employ-discipline did not allow much room for indul. should I get money?' The relations still ment of shipping; and the islanders, instead of ging romantic dispositions, he quitted the ship urged him to confess, but he resolutely refused seeking service with the Turks and Egyptians, on its arrival in the East Indies, and soon after compliance. Next day he became worse; and might find employment under their own flag. joined the buccaneers, who then infested those on the following morning, finding that death It appears, however, that the present govern- seas. Among them he passed his happiest days, was at hand, he called one of his relations, ment is quite averse to the introduction of meeting continually with the most extraorditold him to search near the large olive-tree either French or English settlers; and the nary adventures and hair-breadth escapes. in the garden,' and shortly afterwards expired. president wished to enact that none but Greeks He might have yet continued to enjoy a life so Not far from the olive-tree, a jar was found should become purchasers of land; but this the congenial to his disposition, had not his com containing two hundred dollars." national assembly had the good sense to nega-panions sought to kill him during a dispute tive." With one anecdote, to illustrate the state of education and of the priesthood, and another quotation on the important subject of the church, we must conclude. 6 6 * The volume is adorned by engravings, and deserves to be consulted by every one desirous of becoming acquainted with Greece as it is. Millingen's Memoirs of the Affairs of Greece. [Second Notice.] WE proceed, without prefatory remark, to about prize-money. He satisfied his vengeance; but seeing himself closely pursued, the terror he felt was so great, that he did not stop in his flight till he found himself in "I was one day speaking to a Greek gentlethe country of the Wachabees. The exploits man respecting the deficiency of their education. which followed, though not new, were marvelTo shew yon,' said he, the estimation in lous; the quality atoning for the quantity. which they are held, I will relate to you a story At length, in a fit of nostalgia, he determined current among the people. There was a merry on returning home, the place of his birth apfellow once who, wishing to expose the ignopearing to him then dearer than the three rance of the priests, led an ass up to the bishop, Arabias. His native air soon cured him of this and respectfully begged that he would confer Turkish Generosity." The cutter in which intermittent paroxysm, for he found Cornishordination upon him.'-' Out upon you!' said Count Gamba had embarked, and which con- men a tame set of persons. Growing weary of the bishop in a rage, how dare you insult the tained the greater part of the money Lord By- home, he passed over to Italy, where more mysteries of our holy religion by such a propo-ron had thought expedient to bring over to room was afforded to indulge his oriental habits sition?-away with you! The man turned Greece, was not equally fortunate in avoiding He formed there an acquaintance with Lord round, and was leading the beast away, when the enemy; though at last it escaped from their Byron, who derived no little pleasure from the the bishop perceived a purse full of gold hang- hands in a manner yet more surprising. To- company of so singular a character. He ining to his tail. Stop, friend,' he cried out, wards day-break, having fallen in with the vited him to accompany him into Spain; but I was wrong; bring your animal back; for, same Turkish frigate, its commander, Mah- hearing of the disasters the constitutional party although only an ass in front, I see that he will moud Capitan, ordered the Zantiot captain on had sustained, he proposed going to Greece make an excellent priest behind.'" board; and, brandishing his cimetar over his Arrived at Cephalonia, Trelawney discovered "It is already contemplated by the liberal head, asked him whether he dared to say that that Lord Byron was not romantic enough to Greeks to effect a reform in their churches, he was not bound for Mesolonghi. Valsa- be his companion; and he started, in conand emancipate themselves from the authority machi was so terror-struck by his threatening sequence, for Peloponnesus; where having 831 She roamed in vain in quest of a hero, he passed over in the chapter you allude to, some slight The untractable, suspicious, and deceitful chato Athens. There he met with Odysseus; exaggerations, which I thought necessary to racter of those he had daily to deal with, might and so powerful is the invisible force of sym-insert, in order to place the cause of Greece render this necessary. pathy, that although they could not understand under a more favourable light, I took the money of the country. No other would pass." each other's language, they became, in an in- liberty of retrenching those leaves; fearing you stant, intimate friends. It was the current lawney, Odysseus was the personification of hellenism to get so much the better of my ve- received from this province their chief supply According to Tre- might blame me for having allowed my Phil-ficers. “The markets of Zante and Cephalonia Curious Evasion of the Custom-house Ofthe beau ideal of every manly perfection, men- racity.' If," answered Mavrocordato, 'your in cattle, poultry, butter, cheese, honey; the tal and bodily. He swore by him, and imitated conscience has, since your return, become so larger portion of these articles being sold on him in the minutest actions. His dress, gait, sensitive, I am surprised that you have not Sessini's account, who sent his wife to the air, and address, were not only perfectly simi-begun to revise your work altogether: for that former island to receive the money. He frelar, but he piqued himself even in being as chapter, I am sure could not contain more lies quently sent her over large sums, but, partly dirty; having as much vermin, and letting than the rest."" them loose from his fingers in the same dignified manner, as if sparing a conquered enemy. his head was excessively fine, being very large in house duty, he often concealed his gold in the Sketch of Mavrocordato." The ensemble of vernments, and partly to avoid the customfearing to excite the notice of the Ionian goThis ridiculous spirit of imitation was, in other proportion to his body; and its bulk was not butter or cheese, which he sent in presents to respects, very useful to him; for it enabled a little increased by his bushy jet black hair Madame Sessini. Two of these cheeses were, him to endure the privations and hardships in- and prodigious whiskers. His thick eye-brows by some unaccountable mistake, sold to a Zanseparable from the Greek mode of warfare, and huge mustachios gave a wild, romantic tiot, who felt as delighted on discovering in with as much apparent indifference as his pro-expression to his features, which could not but their interior little mines of gold, as Madame totype; sleeping on the bare earth with a stone produce a striking effect on a stranger. The Sessini was vexed on detecting her error. for a pillow, and, in one word, sustaining a expression of his physiognomy was that of a in vain applied to the police for restitution: it total want of every bodily comfort. All this, clever, penetrating, ambitious man. however, was only when distant from Athens. Asiatic eyes, full of fire and wit, were tempered they were registered at the custom-house as On his return thither he found ample compen- by an expression of goodness. His looks had cheeses, they were legally bought as such; and His large was replied to her representations, that since sation for the toils of war, in the enjoyments of not, perhaps, sufficient dignity; for they had that the loss of the money was a just punisha numerous harem. The courage which dis. a kind of indecision, and timid flutter, which ment for the deceit which she had practised so tinguished him in Negropont acquired him the prevented him from looking any one stedfastly long on the esteem of his friend, and of the palichari. He in the face. His stature was much below the so rapidly and completely moulded himself to usual size; and his carriage altogether too un- this, Jani Souka, a handsome Albanian Greek, government." their manners, as to be generally taken for a martial to impart much confidence to a half- who had deserted from Caravansera with his Romance in real Life.-" A few days after Roumeliot. This, with his generosity, gained civilised people, who prize external appearance company of a hundred and fifty Lachiots, arhim their affection; and his severity ensured so much, and are more, perhaps, than others, rived at the camp. From the beginning of the him their obedience. With similar qualities, influenced by an awe-commanding countenance. revolution, he had, on every important occaTrelawney would, most certainly, have risen The prince also paid too little regard to dress: sion, fought against his co-religionaries, and into notice, had not fortune turned against the insomuch that even the Franks could not re-behaved with so much activity and valour, as friend to whose destinies he had linked his own. frain from remarking how much to his disad- to gain the entire confidence of Omer Pasha Whatever his faults, however, and the blame vantage the contrast was between his plain and other Albanian chiefs. He was, in fact, so which his conduct in embracing the party of a European attire and travelling cap, and the rebel and traitor to his country, may draw splendid, highly graceful Albanian costume upon him, every European who knew him in worn by the other chiefs. If nature had negGreece cannot but praise the generous qualities lected Mavrocordato's exterior, she amply comof his heart, and acknowledge him to have been pensated him for such omission, by the lavish a most entertaining companion: and though, manner in which she had endowed his mind. camp, his mistress unexpectedly entered his owing, no doubt, to his prolonged stay in ori- Educated at Constantinople, he had devoted his tent: disguised as an Albanian page, she had While in the Turkish ental countries, his imagination got the better earlier years to the study of Oriental languages. fled from Arta, and accompanied one of the of his veracity, or, as Lord Byron observed of Few persons were more intimately acquainted capitano's men, whom he had sent to that town him, he could not, even to save his life, tell with Persian and Arabic, of which the court on an errand. She entreated her lover, in conthe truth' his narrations were so interesting, language of the Turks is, in great part, formed. sideration of the irresistible motive that actuthat whether true or untrue, one could not but He was an excellent Greek scholar, spoke and ated her, to overlook her imprudence in taking listen to them, with as much pleasure as to the wrote French like a native of France, and was such a step without first consulting him. She wonders of an Arabian tale." Greek Women." Their feet and ankles, Italian. Setting aside his wit and other tolerably well acquainted with English and could not, she said, exist far from the man she which, by the by, rather correspond to Grecian lities, which, in private life, rendered him the interest and consideration; and representing than to modern ideas of beauty, are completely charm of society, we have only to consider to him the danger which would inevitably qua- loved. For his sake she had sacrificed every hid by the folds of these trousers, that are tied him as a public character, belonging to history. burst upon both their heads, were they to relike a purse just below the knee. This gives a He was, perhaps, the only man in Greece, who turn to Albania, owing to the resentment of woman, when walking, completely the appear-united, in an eminent degree, unadulterated pa- her relations, she urged him to join the Greeks. ance of a feathered-paw pigeon. This is the triotism, and the talents which form a states- His qualities as a soldier would be as much more striking, as Grecian coquettes affect as man. much as possible to imitate the walk of a bird. giving a proper direction to civil administra- they were by the pasha; and for the remainder He alone was capable of organising and prized, and as well remunerated, by them as You walk like a goose,' like a duck,' (rás tion. Xhva, sàv wurzì garis) however imperti- in Peloponnesus, when he drew up a form of the sweets of independence and love, the only This he shewed shortly after his arrival of his days, he would enjoy, undisturbed, all nent in the ear of an English belle, are the government out of the chaos in which every real blessings of this life. most flattering compliments that can be whis- thing then lay. He gave constant proofs of her advice." pered in those of a Greek one." Voutier's Memoirs. Jani Souka took on this work is contained in the following ed more than he did, the talent of simplifying from Ioanina, famous throughout the Levant "The best judgment of affairs; and few, in any country, ever possess-tleman was born at Zagori, a district not far his genius for order, whenever he had the lead State of Medicine in Turkey." This genanecdote, related to me by Mavrocordato. On the most complicated questions, and rendering for its breed of itinerant quacks. The male Voutier's return to Greece, Mavrocordato re- them intelligible to the most illiterate. The population consists solely of M.D.'s; Zagoriot quested him to favour him with a copy of his rapidity and precision with which he despatched and doctor being synonymes; and indeed, the Memoirs. Anxious to see in what manner his business was surprising; and no doubt, the medical profession becomes, in their hands, so conduct, during the siege of Mesolonghi, had extensive practice he had had, when secretary lucrative, as entirely to supersede the necessity been represented, he hastened to consult the to Caradja, Hospodar of Wallachia, was now of of any other. An idea of their wealth may be chapter which relates that event; when, to no small assistance to him. He had been re-formed from their houses, which are well built, his great surprise, he perceived that the whole peatedly accused of retaining too much the spacious, and the best furnished in Turkey. of it had been torn out. meeting the author, he asked him why he had of a plain, bold, open conduct, it has been said large. It may not prove uninteresting to those The next day, on principles of a Fanariot education. Incapable When at home, they live like gentlemen at given him so imperfect a copy. After stam- that he could only advance by crooked ways, who wish to ascertain the state of medicine in mering for a while, he replied: As there are, and obtain his ends by tricks and cunning. Turkey, to hear some particulars relative to 6 well treated by them, and enjoyed so much consideration, that the voice of patriotism alone would never have made any impression on his interested mind, had he not at last been caught by the lips of love. 832 the education and qualifications requisite to obtain a degree at this singular university. The first thing taught to the young men is the professional language; a dissonant jargon composed purposely to carry on their business, hold consultations, &c. without being understood by any being in existence but themselves. They are then taught reading sufficiently to decipher the pages of their orgorod, or manuscript, containing a selection of deceptive formulæ, for all possible diseases incident to human nature. When a candidate has given before the elders proofs of his proficiency in these attainments, they declare him to be dignus entrare in docto nostro corpore; and he then prepares to leave Zagori. The Zagoriots generally travel about Turkey in small bands, composed of six or eight different individuals, each of whom has a separate part to perform, like strolling players. One is the signor dottore. He never enters -yes-much Greek blood will be spilled-but really in accordance with those fixed principles, The Political Life of the Right Hon. George a town but mounted on a gaudy-caparisoned . 8vo. London, 1831. Longman and Co. SINCE the decease of Mr. Canning, which was affectionately, though briefly, recorded in this journal, no occasion so appropriate as the preMr. Stapleton proceeds to demonstrate, that sent has been afforded for offering a worthier tribute to his memory. It were to be wished that ampler space and longer time could have on both these great measures Mr. Canning's system was abandoned. The Catholic question is next examined, and a powerful light thrown upon its history as a cabinet measure; but we "When the Duke of Wellington became have only time for one extract more. political history of Europe that have appeared first minister, he was known to this country The biography of a Bri-and to Europe as belonging to the continental in the present age. tish minister of state, founded on documents to school.' His name was attached to the treaties which his representative alone could give ac- of Vienna; and he was universally believed to cess, and written by a gentleman who filled the have been an admirer of Lord Castlereagh, and confidential and honourable post of his private an opposer of Mr. Canning's liberal measures. secretary, would have strong claims to atten- On this subject a contrast' had been held tion, whoever were the individual, and what- up' between them, not only in the daily press, He ever were the period, to which it might relate. but also within the walls of parliament. It is skilled in the performance of operations for How irresistible, then, must claims of that kind was therefore naturally to be expected that the stone, cataracts, hernia, dislocations, &c. be in regard to such a minister as Mr. Can- the duke would not adhere to Mr. Canning's Two others, who pass under the denomination ning, and to a period so momentous as that system of neutrality between conflicting priatlereagh. At the formation of the duke's go of servants, employ their time in going from which forms the last, the most laborious, and ciples,' but would return to that of Lord Cashouse to house in quest of patients; and as, the most splendid of his political life. But, important as this work is (and we can,vernment, the public were mystified by the from their menial employment, they are thought to be disinterested, credit is the more easily from personal knowledge, vouch for its perfect continuance of Lord Dudley in the post of given to their word. Thus they journey from accuracy in every part), we can this week only foreign secretary, which he had held in Mr. town to town, hardly ever remaining more give one short extract, as an example of its Canning's time, and by the recall of the British than a fortnight in any place. After a tour style and character. That extract, however, is ambassador from Lisbon when Don Miguel detain degree withdrawn, when the duke gave it of five or six years, they return for a while of much interest, not only to the British reader, clared himself king; but the veil was to a certo their families, and divide in equal shares but to the whole political world. "It has been more than once asserted in to be distinctly understood that he had in no the gains of their charlatanism. On a second journey, they all change parts, in order to parliament, by persons of consideration, that way pledged himself to abandon his own prinescape detection. The dottore yields his dig- the government of the Duke of Wellington ciples and opinions,' and when the Portuguese nity to the servant, and does the same offices to has been guided by Mr. Canning's principles, charter was overthrown. The preservation of him as he was wont to receive; the dragoman and has maintained his system of foreign that charter during the continuance of Mr. policy. On the merits or the demerits of the Canning's and Lord Goderich's administrations, becomes herald, the herald apothecary, &c." Superstition." In the evening we supped duke's administration various opinions may be had been with justice ascribed to its supporters with Vattino. According to custom, a whole- entertained. All that we intend to affirm is, receiving the moral countenance of Great Bri roasted lamb was brought on the table, and that his grace's principles of government were tain, who, in common with the other govera after it had been carved with the yataghan not the same as Mr. Canning's; and that the ments of Europe, recognised Don Pedro as the (cutlass) of one of the guests, we helped our-course of his foreign policy was directly at va- legitimate sovereign of Portugal. Its subverselves with our hands in the best manner we riance with Mr. Canning's system. To esta- sion being coincident with the appointment of could. The right shoulder-blade of the animal blish this distinction is obviously but an act of the Duke of Wellington as premier, suspicions was diligently stripped of the surrounding justice to both parties, lest the one should carry arose that the one event contributed to bring meat; and then handed to Vattino, as the off the praise, or be made responsible for the about the other. All hope, however, (with person then present best qualified to foretell, faults, which the adherents or enemies of the those who understood the matter.) of the from its appearances, the foreboding events. other may be respectively disposed to attribute duke's perseverance in Mr. Canning's system In the preceding was destroyed, when his grace betrayed such Placing it before the candle, he attentively to his political measures. considered the outlines presented by the vas- pages of this work, Mr. Canning's principles of extreme eagerness to seize the opportunity of cular system of the diaphanous portion of the action have been not only stated in his own ridding himself of Mr. Huskisson and his bone; the whole company waiting in deep si- words, but have been illustrated by examples friends, and when Lord Dudley was replaced lence to his oracular observations. Every one of their practical application. There is no by Lord Aberdeen, whose inclination towards of the palichari was horror-struck on seeing room, therefore, for any mistake or misrepre- the holy alliance was supposed to be not les the sudden alteration that took place on his sentation as to their nature; and, further, a strong than that of the premier himself. This physiognomy, and on hearing the following pause in the narration has more than once been inclination was displayed in the very first speech word uttered with a solemn, impressive voice: made, for the purpose of bringing his measures which his lordship delivered." 'Brethren, the enemy is preparing against us; to the test, by inquiring whether they were “ Judging, therefore, of the foreign policy of 66 ARTS AND SCIENCES. the Duke of Wellington's government by what | Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, intendence; besides a great many in the Swewas manifested of its tendency with respect to is altogether worthy of the best expectations dish provinces, from his designs and directions. Portugal, and of the exposition made of it in which could be formed of any production of Others have been transported to Denmark, to parliament by the foreign secretary, it is im- the kind, under the most favourable auspices. Russia, to the United States of America, and possible not to conclude that, upon principle, it By judicious arrangement, compression, and elsewhere. In one, which was erected at Stock sided with the ultra-monarchical extreme. That the employment of tables, it is really surprising holm, an English family, that of Admiral Bapoint once established, it follows that the par- how much of the latest, and consequently most ker, resided during the summer of 1829, and tisans of that extreme must have acquired useful, information is contained in these pages. were extremely well satisfied with the, accomgreater confidence than ever' in their own All recent changes in legal and political mat-modation which it afforded. strength. The consequence of such confidence, ters are carefully noted; and abridgements con- Although these houses have often been erected Mr. Canning had always anticipated would be, vey almost every thing necessary to be known on great heights, they have, even in the worst to incite that one of the two parties which respecting commercial subjects, statistics, astro- season of the year, resisted the most severe and entertained overweening notions of its own nomical phenomena, &c. &c. &c. In short, the tempestuous weather much better than the vigour, to such extraordinary efforts for obtain- whole is a treasury of intelligence, so fit to be ordinary buildings in their neighbourhood. As ing an increase of power, as would provoke referred to in the course of the ensuing year, wood is not so good a conductor of caloric as violent resistance, and consequently collision. that we are sure no person in active life could stone or brick, they are, by means of stoves, Collision certainly has taken place, and that have a better “ Companion." more easily warmed and kept warm than comin about two years' after the system of the mon houses. The expense of constructing Duke of Wellington and Lord Aberdeen had them is comparatively trifling. Above all, they come into full operation. The question then can be taken to pieces in a few hours, and must be, Is the one the consequence of the removed to any spot that may be desired. other? That Charles X., had he not given R. BROWN, Esq. in the chair. Another por- Principally intended for the country, they may, his people cause to mistrust his sincerity, by tion of Mr. Hogg's paper on the classical nevertheless, be advantageously employed in selecting a ministry of the character of M. de plants of Sicily was read, of which we at pre- great cities; and in the formation of new coloPolignac's, and had he not made an unjusti- sent give no analysis, for the reason stated in a nies, or in enterprises of discovery, or in scienfiable and outrageous attack upon the liberties former No. The Secretary announced that tific expeditions, the benefits resulting from of his people, would have been now seated on his Majesty had graciously signified his inten- their use would be very extensive. the throne of France, with a reasonable pro- tion of becoming the patron of the Society. In spect of transmitting it to his descendants, is pursuance, a deputation, consisting of Lord a proposition which few, if any, will deny. Stanley, Dr. Maton, Mr. Forster, and Mr. Would that appointment and subsequent at- Bicheno, had waited on his Majesty at St. tack then have been made, if the British go- James's palace, for the purpose of obtaining the vernment had not thrown the weight of its sign manual to the charter-book of the Society. influence into the ultra-monarchical scale? To The deputation was received in a very kind this it must be answered, that it is difficult for manner by the King. It may not be thought those individuals to believe that it ever would, infra dig. even by our scientific readers, for who have remarked the following train of sin whom more particularly these notices are ingular coincidences." tended, were we to give a brief description of the page of the charter-book in which the royal signature is written. At the top are the royal arms, at the bottom those of the Society, both richly coloured; in the centre an elegant and appropriate circle is formed of sprigs of the quercus robur (English oak), tectona grandis (teak of India), eucalyptus robusta (mahogany tree of New Holland,) and the pinus strobus (pine of Canada). These are coloured after nature, and entwined in a very beautiful manner; in the middle of the circle is the royal signature, written in a bold and free style. The meetings stand adjourned till after the Christmas recess. These are indeed most remarkable; but we can go no farther. Memoir of an Employé, &c. &c. By E. Scheener, Esq. of the Foreign Office. 8vo. pp. 58. London, 1830. A VOLUME which very distinctly proves that the writer must have been so intemperate and troublesome in any official situation, as fully to warrant the measures taken to provide for his retirement. Naval Discipline. The general principles of the construction of these buildings, are as follow:-The outer walls (parois) are placed perpendicularly, which has the advantage of preventing the sinking of the building, and of allowing the easy descent of water, by its following the direction of the grain of the wood. The different pieces are inserted into one another in grooves. The interior part of these walls is afterwards lined with a wainscoting joined in the same manner. Between the outer wall and the wainscoting is placed a kind of pasteboard, the tenth of an inch thick, to prevent the air from penetrating. The angles are secured by means of screws sunk into the wood. In general, girders are not necessary in the construction of the walls. By means of locked and screwed joints, all currents of air are rendered impossible. There is no need of frames, either for the doors or for the windows. The floor is double, as well as the walls, but is a fourth thicker. The pieces of which it is composed, and which are five or six feet square, or, rather, twelve feet long by six feet wide, are inserted by grooves into the piece which serves for the base of the building. The angles of the base are united by screws. The walls are, in the same way, inserted in it by a groove, so In the 721st No. of the Literary Gazette, we contrived that no damp can penetrate. The inserted a short notice from Le Globe of the solidity of the roof depends principally upon invention by M. Blom (changed by the French that of the gable. It is double, like the walls, THE author, late commander of an East India-printers into Blown) of movable wooden houses. and is lined with semicircular laths, fluted be man, has here treated a subject which, even M. Blom is not, as we had supposed, a French low, in order to be adapted to the planks of the amid the number of vital questions that agitate engineer, but a lieut.-colonel of engineers in roof, having reverse flutings. The roof is the public mind, merits, by its importance, both the service of his Swedish majesty. He is at painted in oil, as well as the rest of the house, the earliest and the best attention of our legis- present in this country, and has obligingly or well plastered with some other composition lators. The disgraceful and painful scenes so communicated to us a number of particulars which repels damp. If it be not intended frelately exhibited in the metropolis and its police respecting his invention, of which the follow-quently to remove the house, it would be still and law courts, and which demonstrate so lax, ing is an abstract. uncertain, and dangerous a state of discipline in our commercial marine, call aloud for definite measures, whether to preserve merchant vessels from being converted into pirates, or generally to promote the interests of the navy. Capt. Biden's work contains much information relative to the past; and, from his facts and reasoning, we think much may be done for the better regulation of the future. Subordination contrasted with Insubordination; or, a View of the Necessity of passing a Law establishing an efficient Naval Discipline on board Ships in the Merchant Service, &c. &c. By Christopher Biden. 8vo. pp. 392. London, 1830. J. M. Richardson. The Companion to the Almanac, or Year-book of THE volume before us of this work, published TRANSPORTABLE HOUSES. better to line the roof with a kind of pasteboard, laid in lozenges, and which might be imbued with a matter that would render it incombustible. It was in the year 1819 that Colonel Blom first carried into execution the ideas which he had conceived as to this mode of building houses. He then constructed a pavilion, con- Such is an abridgment of the description sisting of a saloon and two smaller rooms, which with which we have been favoured by Colonel answered admirably; and, at the request of the Blom. How far the introduction, to any expresident of the Academy of Agriculture and tent, of structures of this kind would be feaIndustry, at Stockholm, he wrote a paper on sible or expedient in England, experience alone the subject, which appeared in the second No. can shew. It would certainly be very conveof the seventh volume of the annals of that So- nient, as well as very amusing, to be enabled ciety. Since that time, above eighty buildings to go to a warehouse of ready-made houses, of of the same kind, of different sizes, some of one all sizes, from the hunting-bor to the spacious story, some of two stories, several with up- mansion, choose one's own residence, and have wards of four-and-twenty rooms, have been con- it brought home in an hour! Nor would the structed at Stockholm, under Col. Blom's super-facility of a change of site be less agreeable. |