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of buildings; the accessible, dignified, and formal arrangement of the academic group, the domestic character of the dormitories, and, finally, the detailed study of the needs of each building. Much time and thought had been expended here, and comparatively little on the expression; but I, for one, felt convinced that a man who could approach a subject in such a spirit could certainly express it in fit terms. The event justifies this confidence.

Nor was he ever content with the solution of a general problem. Many a man

The Pennsylvania State Institution for the Blind at Overbrook, Pa., was an example of a certain versatility of temperament which showed only occasionally. I don't know what prompted this effort, but whether it was a sight of Spain, or of Spanish America, he succeeded in getting at the kernel of the matter and expressing something in Spanish which is yet his own sentiment. The building is pleasant in mass and pleasant in detail. The Law School for the University of Pennsylvania was not such a far cry from his

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works at his best in the zeal and the excitement of imaginative expression. Every faculty is alert and strained when one is studying a big scheme, and trying to make his mind-picture so vivid as to enable him to put it on paper. But when it comes to the often long-delayed execution, the keenness of the vision is past and the subject is stale-one has other irons in the fire. It was not so with Cope. One has but to examine his detail, the door to the Cupples building or any other small bit, even the contour of a molding, to see how fresh was his enthusiasm up to the last stroke of the work. This was more than faithful thoroughness, this was the devotion of the lover.

collegiate work as this Spanish effort, but it is, at all events, of another century of English work, well removed in sentiment from the earlier; but it is equally well understood and expressed, and has virile and interesting quality. The English were never purists anyway, nor sticklers for style and period. I fancy they used such material as they had, whether mental or physical, and put it together in a way that would meet their needs and would look well; and I think Cope did somewhat the same thing. If things looked well, he let them go, whether they tallied with orders or with the twelfth century or not; and if they did not look well he would never dream of letting

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them go, but would change and modify, redesign completely if necessary, and never be content until they did look right. With what is generally considered less important work-i.e., domestic-Cope was equally successful, but especially with houses set in the surroundings of the country he loved. In such work he was exceptionally at home, and absolutely free from any touch of that love of ostentation which makes so many of our country houses seem merely vulgar when they wish to look grand. It is true that the larger work affects a larger number of people, but I believe the architect can do no nobler duty than to help to show people

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what domestic architecture in town country should be. It may be the purely domestic side shown in the country house, together with knowledge of and love for the animals that are housed in stable and barn, and the love of flowers and green things that are fairly and in order set about the house; or it may be the grand town house, where is shown the knowledge of the lives of gentlefolk, and means and methods for entertaining friends and performing those social duties which, if worth doing at all, are worth doing well. His houses are quiet, simple, modest, unassuming, yet full of charming touchesin short, quite like himself.

Spring Song

By Charlotte Fiske Bates

Buds of the cherry and peach and plum,
Slowly to perfect blossom come!

Eden-like apple-blooms, linger long,

Where ye tint the canvas and key the song.

For when your beauties have opened wide,
Artist and poet and all have sighed

That the lovely things of the fresh young May
Have bloomed to ripeness, and touched decay.

Winds, move softly, lest ye should blow
Over this May-time the thought of snow;

Every blossom that lights the spring,
Fly away with a tardy wing!

Childhood of Nature! Why, far more,
Do I cling to thee than I clung before?

Is it because I am growing old

I count thy days with a backward hold?

Because the curfew of life has rung,
Do I joy in beauty so fresh and young?
Is it because I am nearing the night,
I crave so keenly thy precious light?

Rather, if nearing Eternal Day,
Why do I cleave to a mortal May?

Yet so I do, and I hold it fast,
Lest too soon it be overpast.

Childhood of Nature! I love thee so,
With sorest grudging I let thee go;

For I feel at my heart a subtle pain
When thy buds are a year away again!

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UTLYING colonies, inadequately egist saw at a glance that her undoing lay defended, are, in time of war, in her possessions in the East and West sources of serious weakness to Indies, and that a campaign in the Peninthe mother country. This military axiom sula was inadvisable unless control of was never better exemplified than in the the sea were first obtained, and that, if case of Spain at the time of her struggle attempted, it would be productive of great with the United States. The naval strat- loss without compensating advantage. On the other hand, destruction of Spanish power in the Philippines, Cuba, and Porto Rico would force the Madrid Government to its knees, while Continental Europe, unfriendly to our action and policy, would not be disposed to regard with

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Copyright, 1902, by the Outlook Company. All rights reserved.

This is the sixth of a series of twelve papers to appear in the Magazine Numbers of The Outlook. Other papers will be: The Blockade of Cuba, Bottling up Cervera's Fleet, The Battle of Santiago, Valiant Deeds in

the War with Spain; Samoa, the Philippines, and China;

Recent Naval Lessons.

approval an American invasion of the territory of one of its powers, but, on the other, could not question the destruction of Spanish power in the Philippines, Cuba, and Porto Rico, although the result would be to force the Madrid Government to yield.

These conclusions caused the Navy Department, in preparing plans for war, to fix primarily on the East and West Indies as theaters of naval operations. Annihilation of the Spanish squadrons in those regions would require the despatch from Spain of new forces, which, deprived of support at points of destination and embarrassed by voyages far distant from their initial bases, could be met and overcome by superior commands. Observance of a policy predicated upon these deductions assured complete defeat for the enemy, protection of our own shores and commerce, and achievement of the humanitarian purposes of the war-freedom of Cuba and accordance to its people of the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Thus the campaign adopted by the Navy Department had two main objectives the absolute crushing of the Spanish squadron in Philippine waters and the control of the sea in the Atlantic Ocean. Strategical and tactical blunders by the Spanish Admiral in the Far East, the demoralized condition of his command, and the promptness, magnificent courage, and high efficiency of the officers and men who fought under the Stars and Stripes, enabled the attainment of the former object first. The victory gained in Manila Bay was important from a strategical standpoint, but, of far greater consequence, was productive of far-reaching international and territorial results. must, therefore, take rank as one of the foremost achievements of modern wars.

It

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demonstrated their birthright. The flagship was the protected cruiser Olympia, of 5,800 tons displacement, which had been laid down in San Francisco in 1890. Following her lead were the protected cruiser Baltimore, of 4,600 tons, built at Philadelphia in 1887-88; the protected cruiser Raleigh, of 3,217 tons, built at the Norfolk navy-yard between 1889–92; the protected cruiser Boston, of 3,000 tons, one of the pioneers of the New Navy, the keel of which was laid at Chester, Pa., in 1883; the gunboat Concord, 1,710 tons, contracted for in 1888; and the gunboat Petrel, 892 tons, of date of 1887. Accompanying them were the modern revenue cutter McCulloch, 1,400 tons, used as a despatch-boat, the collier Nanshan, and the supply-ship Zafiro, the last two purchased at Hongkong just before the outbreak of the war.

The possibility of a rupture with Spain existed during the closing year of the administration of President Cleveland, and Secretary Herbert had taken precautionary measures to maintain an effective naval force in Asiatic waters. Examination of the list of vessels on foreign stations in 1898 shows that the fighting ships in the East were the Olympia, Boston, gunboat Machias, and gunboat Yorktown. The Machias and Yorktown required overhauling and were ordered to return to the United States, but, that there should be no diminution of the strength of the squadron, they were replaced by the Petrel and Concord.

Portentous signs of war caused the Department under Mr. Herbert's successor to give the closest study to the number and character of the fleet stationed by Spain in the Philippine Islands. Lieutenant George L. Dyer was appointed naval attaché in Madrid in the summer of 1897, and it was a comparatively easy matter to ascertain through him the exact number of Spanish ships in the East, and whether despatch of reinforcements was contemplated; but it was far more difficult to find out the condition of the vessels. As a matter of fact, the Department was unable to learn the state of their effectiveness. It knew that the Spanish force comprised the iron cruiser Reina Cristina, flagship, of 3,520 tons, built at Ferrol. Spain, in 1887; the wooden Castilla, 3,260 tons, launched at Cadiz in 1881; the iron gun

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