A PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION OF OHIO; COMPRISING A SKETCH OF ITS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, POLITICAL DIVISIONS, RESOURCES, GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION. PUBLISHED BY ENSIGNS & THAYER, 1849. F425 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1848, BY ENSIGNS & THAYER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Southern District of New York. STEREOTYPED BY C. C. SAVAGE, 13 Chambers Street, N. Y. PREFACE. IN presenting the following pages to the reading public, we desire to disclaim all pretensions to originality; our labors having been directed chiefly to the arrangement and condensation of facts developed and recorded by others, in such manner and within such a space as would suit the tastes and wants of a large class of our citizens. This work is in continuation of a plan to put forth in cheap form, the important events in the history of our Republic, its governmental operations, and its extraordinary progress in its population, wealth, and intelligence. Already, in the "NEW WORLD ILLUSTRATED," a general view of the United States has been taken, and we now commence a detailed description of the several states, by a series of works of a more local character, like the one here presented. In the preparation of this little volume, we have made free use of all the information within our reach, and we here wish to give full credit to the sources whence we have drawn it, the most important of which are, the valuable "Historical Collections of Ohio," by H. Howe, Esq.; Sherman & Smith's "United States Gazetteer;" and " 'Bradford's Atlas ;" and other works of minor importance. We have aimed to secure accuracy, in all that we have presented, and believe that comparatively few errors will be found. For the population of the towns we have used the last official Census of the United States. It will be found occasionally that the capital of a county bears the same name as the township in which it is located, and in some instances the population of the township and of the capital are given separately. This f unexplained would present the appearance of error, but when understood, the seeming error and discrepancy may be easily reconciled. Although this work is designed especially for the use of the people of Ohio, yet the information which it contains will be found valuable to all, in every part of the Union; for as we are E Pluribus Unum—many in one-whatever relates to one member of the confederacy, has an abiding interest in the hearts and minds of the people of all. It will be found valuable to the emigrant who departs for that "garden of the west ;" and to the general reader, we trust a perusal of its pages will prove profitable and edifying. CONTENTS. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF OHIO. 11 Area and Boundaries, 12.-Surface of the Country, 12.-Soil, 13.-Rivers and smaller 17 Early Settlers, 17.-Expeditions of Marquette and La Salle, 18.-Murder of La Salle, 18. -Erection of Forts by the French, 19.-Expedition against the French, under Washington, 20.-Building of Fort du Quesne, 20.-Capture of Fort Necessity, 21.-Expedition and Defeat of Braddock, 21.-Fort du Quesne abandoned by the French, 22.-General Bradstreet's Expedition against the Indians, 22.-Lord Dunmore's War, 24.-Other Expeditions against the Indians, 24.-Claims of the several States to the Soil of Ohio, 25.—Treaties with the Indians, 25.-First Settlement at Marietta, 26.-Campus Martius in 1791, 26. -St. Clair's Treaty with the Indians, 27.-Expedition under General Harrison, 27.-St. Clair's Battle and Defeat, 28.-Battle upon the Maumee, 29.-Forts Greenville and Defiance, 29.-Treaty of Greenville, 30.-Formation of the State Constitution, 30.-Burr's Conspiracy, 31.-Battle of Tippecanoe, 31.-War with Great Britain, 31.-Fort Meigs and Fort Stephenson or Sandusky, 32.-Defence of Fort Harrison by Captain (now General) Zachary Taylor, 31.-Defence of Fort Stephenson by Colonel Croghan, 33.-Battle of Lake Erie, 33.-Battle of the Thames, 34.-Close of the War in the Northwest, 34. POLITICAL DIVISIONS 35 Boundaries of the State, 35.-Adams County, 36.-1 -Allen County, 36.-Ashtabula County, 37.-Ashland County, 37.-Athens County, 38.-Belmont County, 39.-Brown County, 40.Butler County, 40.-Carroll County, 41.-Champaign County, 41.-Clark County, 42.-Clermont County, 42.-Clinton County, 43.-Columbiana County, 43.-Coshocton County, 44.Crawford County, 45.-Cuyahoga County, 46.-Darke County, 46.-Defiance County, 47.Delaware County, 47.-Erie County, 49.-Fairfield County, 49.-Fayette County. 50.Franklin County, 50.-COLUMBUS, 52.-Gallia County, 54.-Geauga County, 54.-Greene County, 55.-Guernsey County, 56.-Hamilton County, 57.-CINCINNATI, 58.-Hancock County, 63.-Hardin County, 63.-Harrison County, 64.-Henry County, 64.-Highland County, 65.-Hocking County, 65.-Holmes County, 66.-Huron County, 66.-Jackson Coun ty, 67.-Jefferson County, 68.-Knox County, 68.-Lake County, 70.-Lawrence County, 71.-Licking County, 71.-Logan County, 72.-Lorain County, 73.-Lucas County, 74.Madison County, 74.-Mahoning County, 75.-Marion County, 75.-Medina County, 76.— Meigs County, 77.-Mercer County, 77.-Miami County, 78.-Monroe County, 78.-Montgomery County, 79.-Morgan County, 80.-Muskingum County, 80.-Ottowa County, 82.— Paulding County, 82.-Perry County, 82.-Pickaway County, 83.-Pike County, 84.-Portage County, 85.-Preble County, 85.-Putnam County, 86.-Richland County, 86.-Ross County, 87.-Sandusky County, 88.-Scioto County, 89.-Seneca County, 90.-Shelby County, 90.-Stark County, 91.-Summit County, 91.-Trumbull County, 92.-Tuscarawas County, 93.-Union County, 94.-Van Wert County, 94.-Warren County, 95.-Washington County, 95.-Wayne County, 97.-Williams County, 98.-Wood County, 98.-Wyandot County, 99.-Counties and their Population in 1840, 100. GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION 101 Officers of the First Government of Northwestern Territory, 101.-Territorial Legislature, 102.-Members of the Constitutional Convention, 102. CONSTITUTION 103 General Assembly, how chosen, 103.-Powers and Duties of, 104.-Governor, how chosen, 105.-Power and Duties of, 105.-Secretary of State, how chosen, 106.-Courts of Judicature, how organized, 106.-Powers and Duties of, 106, 107.-Electors, Qualifications of, 107. Militia Officers, how chosen, 107.-County Officers, how chosen, 107.-General Provisions, 108.-Constitution, how amended, 108.-Boundaries of the State, 108.-Declaration of Rights, 109, 110. General Remarks, 111.-Articles found in an Ancient Mound at Marietta, 111-115.-Ancient Works at Marietta, 115.-Ancient Fortifications at Circleville, 116.-Ancient Works near Newark, 117.-Ancient Ruins near Somerset, in Perry County, 118.-Ancient Works on Paint Creek, 118, 119.-Ruins at the Mouth of the Scioto, 119.-Ancient Works at Portsmouth, 120.-Great Mound near Miamisburg, 121.-Gigantic Bones, found at Conneaut, 121. -Skeletons at Coshocton, 122.-Ancient Wells at Mount Vernon, 122.-Engraved Stones in Lorain County, 122. Public Lands in Ohio, 124-128.-Governors of Ohio, 128.-Salaries of Public Officers, 128. 124 |