was soon after published in Paris. Our readers are aware that the celebrated Madame de Genlis, in addition to the education of Mademoiselle d'Orleans, became charged with the superintendence of the education of M. de Chartres and his two brothers, under the masculine title of governor; and certainly as regarded mere education, she justified the singular confidence which was placed in her never had any experiment a severer trial, or, we will add, a more successful result. The early education of Louis Philippe, as experience has shown, not only fitted him for the respectable and honourable maintenance of the station to which he was born, but afforded him support and consolation in deep and unexpected adversity; and now, in an equally unexpected elevation, enables him to fulfil with vigour and intelligence the most difficult and the most awful duties.

'How often' says Madame de Genlis, in allusion to the trials and privations to which the young prince was exposed after his escape from France-How often, since his misfortunes, have I applauded myself for the education I had given him-for having taught him the principal modern languages-for having accustomed him to wait on himself to despise all kinds of effeminacy (mollesse)—to sleep habitually on a wooden bed, with no covering but a mat-to expose himself to heat, cold, and rain-to accustom himself to fatigue by daily and violent exercise, and by walking ten or fifteen miles with leaden soles to his shoes-and, finally, for having given him the taste and habit of travelling. He had lost all that he had inherited from birth and fortune-nothing remained but what he had received from nature and me!'-Mém. de Genlis, iv. 203.

One of the modes by which Madame de Genlis endeavoured to teach her royal pupils to examine and regulate their own mind and conduct was the keeping a journal; and it is to a portion of a journal so kept-extending from the autumn of 1790 to the summer of 1791-that M. Sarrans refers. This journal certainly affords some very piquant contrasts-the prince turned Jacobin is striking enough, but the Jacobin turned king is still

more so.

M. Sarrans, of course, quotes no more than serves his own purpose he quotes nothing that can do the king credit, and once or twice, by an omission, makes the passage look worse than it really is. We happen to possess a copy of this little work, and as it is rare, and has never, we believe, been translated, we think our readers will not be sorry to possess it in extenso-particularly as, amidst the deluge of French memoirs with which we have been lately inundated, this curious little piece has been carefully suppressed. Nay, in the laboured apologetical life of Louis Philippe in that liberal, but most flimsy and false publication, the

Biographie

The

Biographie des Contemporains, it is not even alluded to. fact is, that the Liberals have hitherto endeavoured to hush up this publication, for the same reason that they now quote itnamely, because they think it does no credit to him-so long their idol, and now their bête noire. We, on the contrary, think that, on the whole, it does him no discredit, and we wish to preserve it for the sake of justice and truth. The facts may be of little historical value; many of the details are insignificant and puerile, as may be well expected, when we remind our readers that the author was only seventeen when the journal was kept; but it affords many interesting traits of personal character, and must be, at all events, curious, as the first chapter, written by his own hand, of the life of a man, who, whatever be his ultimate destiny, has already secured a prominent place in the history of this most eventful age.

We must introduce this journal by a few preliminary explanations, and we shall occasionally intersperse observations on some prominent passages, and subjoin a few foot-notes.

The journal begins with the entrance of the young Duke de Chartres into the Jacobin Club-an event of considerable importance in a public view, as marking his father's adhesion to the principles of that society, and which was also the occasion of serious family dissensions. The Jacobins, we find, were so much pleased at seeing the Duke de Chartres amongst them, that they presented him a formal address, of which the first sentence is curious: Sir, we congratulate ourselves! Should we not also congratulate you? You have been our prince-you are now our colleague,' &c. Signed Manuel, president; Lepage, secretary.' (Chronique de Paris, 19th Nov. 1790.) But that which was a matter of congratulation to the Jacobins, was a source of deep affliction to his amiable and excelleut mother, and became the immediate cause of an open rupture between her and Madame de Genlis-by whose counsels that princess believed that her son had taken this unhappy and degrading step. Madame de Genlis, in her Memoirs, attributes it solely to the Duke of Orleans himself; but it is, we think, clear that she must share the responsibility. We have the young duke's evidence, that his father only approved his own proposition; and we shall see, as we proceed, that this too-docile and over-affectionate pupil would never have thought of making such a proposition without Madame de Genlis's previous concurrence; her husband, M. de Sillery, proposed him-her personal friends, and the attendants whom she had placed about him, all became members also. When, in a year or two after, she, with her niece and Pamela, accompanied Mademoiselle d'Orleans to England, they designated themselves les quatre émigrées Jacobines.' (Correspondance

(Correspondance de d'Orléans, ii. 90.) In short, it is clear that she countenanced, and probably advised her pupil's entry into the Jacobin Club-which, however, as she justly observes, had not, at this period, attained its subsequent ferocity and infamy. There is another circumstance in this affair, which corroborates the opinion that the plunges of the Duke of Orleans into the successive depths of democracy were chiefly prompted by moral cowardice-the Duke de Chartres became Jacobin at the moment of that violent excitement which followed the duel of Messrs. de Castries and Lameth; but the father himself did not become a member of the club till the commotion occasioned by the flight of the king, when, not without some demur, he was admitted. (Journal des Jacobins, 23d June, 1790.) Again-it was amidst the massacre of the 10th of August that he solicited the change of his name to Egalité. We say moral cowardice, for he showed more than once, and particularly at his last hour, personal firmness.

We are tempted to quote from the little-known relation of an eye-witness the account of his last hours. On the 6th of November, 1793, he was brought before the revolutionary tribunal, and, after a mock trial, condemned to death, on a series of charges, of all of which he was notoriously guiltless. He treated the dreadful mockery with contempt, and begged, as an only favour, that the sentence might be executed without delay the bloody indulgence was granted, and he was led, at four o'clock, when the daylight was almost failing, from the court to the scaffold.

I confess,' says the editor of the Correspondance de d'Orléans, I had the barbarous curiosity to see him go to execution; I took my station opposite his palace, that I might observe the effect which, at his last moments, these scenes of former splendour and enjoyment might have on him. The crowd was immense, and aggravated, by its reproaches and insults, the agony of the sufferer. The fatal cart

advanced at so slow a pace, that it seemed as if they were endeavouring to prolong his torments. There were many other victims in the same cart; they were all bent double, pale, and stupified by horror: Orleans alone-a striking contrast-stood upright, his head elevated, his countenance full of its natural colour, with all the firmness of innocence. By a refinement of cruelty, the cart was stopped at the gate of his palace; I saw him run his eyes over the building with the tranquil air of a master, who should be examining whether it required any additional ornament or repair. This air was, no doubt, studied and put on-I, as well as everybody else, could see that it was; it was even said that he had prepared himself for it by wine; but, with all that, I was astonished-I am still astonished to think how such a man as d'Orléans could, by any means, have subdued his natural character, and worked himself up to such an appearance of courage and tranquillity.'

We

We return from this digression to observe, that as to the rupture between the Duchess of Orleans and Madame de Genlis, the latter, in her Memoirs, does tardy and rather reluctant, but yet complete, justice to the former.

The cause, says she, of the Duchess's coldness towards me was evidently a difference of opinion on the politics of the day; and I am now ready to acknowledge that her fears which, at the time, appeared to me so exaggerated, and even so unjust, were but too well founded. She did not permit her imagination to lead her astray;—she did not abandon herself to romantic visions-her judgment, alas! was better than mine.'-Mém de Gen., iv. S1.

With these preliminary observations on the state of the family, which will tend to explain some things that might be otherwise obscure, we proceed to the Journal itself.

JOURNAL OF LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE DE CHARTRES.

23rd Oct. 1790.-I dined at Mousseaux *-next day my father having approved my anxious wishes to become a member of the Jacobin club, M. de Sillery proposed me on Friday.

2nd Nov.-I was yesterday admitted to the Jacobins, and much applauded I returned thanks for the kind reception that they were so good as to give me, and I assured them that I should never deviate from the sacred duties of a good patriot and a good citizen.

3rd Nov.-I was this morning at the National Assembly--in the eveningat the Jacobins, where I was put on the Committee of Presentations, that is on the committee appointed to examine candidates. This committee meets every Thursday. I requested one of my colleagues to express my regret at not being able to attend to-morrow.

Château Neuf,† 7th Nov.-Attended mass; they did not offer us incense, my grandfather insisting on exact obedience to the decrees of the National Assembly. If they had attempted to offer me the incense, I had made up my mind not to allow it. Messrs. de Gilbert, father and son, dined here to-day; the son is seventeen and a half, and very steady, very civil and very amiable; although his father and all his family are aristocrats, he is nevertheless a great patriot, which has won my heart. . . . . So my trip to Château Neuf is over. We shall set off to-night at eleven. Although I have been very happy to pass this time with my mother and my grandfather, I have felt great pain in separating myself from those with whom I have lived so long, and particularly my Friend [Madame de Genlis], whom I shall always consider as a second mother-and my brother [the Duke de Montpensier] from whom I had never been separated before. I have felt deeply, in the course of this little journey, how dear everything at * A villa of the Duke of Orleans, so close to Paris, on the north-west, as to be within the walls.

A country seat of his grandfather, the Duke de Penthièvre.

Under the old church regime, incense was presented to persons of high rank-a kind of feudal honour which was abolished in the general abolition of all feudal rights.

Bellechasse

Bellechasse is to me, and how painful it would be to me to be long away from it.'

Madame de Genlis, then called Madame de Sillery, is throughout the Journal designated emphatically as my friend (mon amie). She resided in a convent in the Faubourg St. Germain, called Bellechasse, where the Duke of Orleans had erected a pavilion for the residence of her and his daughter Mademoiselle Adelaide-thither the young men used to come every day to receive the instruction of their Governor. We may as well take this opportunity of observing, once for all, that the romantic attachment of Louis Philippe for Madame de Genlis, and the passionate expressions of fondness which, as we shall see by and by, he employs, might create a surmise that he felt for her more than filial affection, but there is no real ground for any such suspicion; the fact is notoriously otherwise, as might be proved, if it were necessary, by some very naïves confessions in the course of the Journal. We here see, and shall see more fully hereafter, that the young duke laments, as so much time lost, his occasional visits to his mother, who-notwithstanding his visible indifference for her and his enthusiasm for his friend-continued to treat him with all the affection and attention that she was allowed to show him. In reading, however, his extravagant expressions concerning his friend, it must be recollected that the Journal was intended for her future inspection, and that the youth would naturally write in a way that would be most agreeable to her. This will account, in some degree, for the excessive fondness he professes for her, and will also explain the choice of topics, &c.; but, after all, there is no doubt that he felt for her the warmest gratitude and affection.

7th Nov.-I forgot to say, that however happy I should have been to return with my mother, I opposed her coming back with me, as she seemed rather unwell. I should have come in the cabriolet with Gardanne; but she preferred travelling all night to return with me,— besides, she can sleep in a carriage.

'Paris, 9th Nov.--We left Château Neuf at eleven at night, and arrived at Bellechasse at ten next day. I got on horseback at Angerville, nine leagues off; it was still dark, and I rode to Paris. In the evening I attended the Jacobins. They appointed me Censor (they do the duty of ushers). As the hall is much too small to contain the Friends of the Constitution,'-[the formal title of the Club, which derived its popular name from meeting at the convent of the Jacobins,] -whose numbers increase daily, a committee was named to look out for another place. They were discussing the king's household troops. M. Mathieu de Miranbal (a young man) spoke particularly well. I learned that I had been named one of a deputation to convey to the National Assembly the proposition relative to the Tennis Court.*

* A bombastic address from the Jacobins to the National Assembly, for a due commemoration