maha counties, and in the following year County Institutes were successfully conducted at Leavenworth, Atchison, and other places.

The second meeting of the Association was held at Topeka, July 19th and 20th, 1864. Lectures were delivered by I. T. Goodnow, State Superintendent, on "Physical Training," with practical illustrations and exercises in gymnastics; by T. F. Mudge, State Geologist, on "Geology;" and by J. E. Platt, on "Singing in Primary Schools." An essay was also read by Miss E. H. Mabie, on the "Philosophy of School Government." Discussions were held upon "School Architecture," and "Teachers' Institutes;" the principal subject, however, was that of "State Teachers' Certificates," which was finally referred to a committee to report upon at the next meeting. Resolutions were also passed upon the subject of irregular attendance, and recommending the renomination of Hon. I. T. Goodnow to the office of State Superintendent. H. D. McCarthy was elected President.

The third annual session of the Association was held at Atchison, July 26th, 1865. Addresses were given by Rev. William Bishop, on "Woman, her Sphere and Mission;" by M. A. Page, on the “Elementary Sounds of the Language ;" by I. T. Goodnow, on "Hygiene and Physiology;" and by Rev. P. McVicar, on "Free Public Schools." Essays were read by Prof. C. Haynes, on the "Teacher and his Work ;" and by Mrs. O. Sawyer, on the "Female Teacher; her Moral Influence." The affairs of the Educational Journal were discussed and pledges were made for its support. The report of the committee upon State diplomas was received, and after discussion the subject was again referred to a new committee. A discussion was also held upon the true policy of education by the State. Orlando Sawyer was elected President.

The history of education in the State of Kansas shows a wonderfully rapid and gratifying progress. Organized as a territory in 1854, admitted to the Union in 1861, the cause of education has had to contend with the border troubles of 1855 and 1856, the financial crisis of 1857, the drought of 1861, the rebellion of 1861. With seventeen regiments in the field, a frontier State open to invasion on three sides to Indians, bushwhackers, and rebel armies, its safety dependent upon constant vigilance, yet it has a liberal and well-organized school system, State and County Superintendents, a Normal School in process of organization, Teachers' Institutes supported by the State, a State Teachers' Association and Educational Journal, and four colleges with sixteen teachers and 451 students, besides the State Agricultural College with four professors and 107

students.

ISAAC T. Goorow was born as Whitingben. Few The lost his father at the age of fourteen and wants i valg geted man by means of farm and factory labor, but sided his heros de ya for some years merebaut's clerk in Marlboro, V., and Dol

meantime spent several winters at school and panch to sing and dy In 1832 he united with the Medit church and in 1884 af

ry study, walked to Wilbraham, Mees and entered the popular place. With this academy be was

teacher in the primary and English

instructor in the natural sciences, having pr

cess at Norway, Me, and at West Spring

like position in the Providence Seminary al

of untiring self-culture. In 1845 he received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from the Wesleyan University at Middletown.

In the winter of 1854, with his brother-in-law, Rev. Dr. David Dennison of

Fe State C version in 17 wis de te to a convent. !

a 11 he was agent of the city

ta' the beat on Le State Tavity, a thro gu