new generation coming to the front that will read American newspapers, appreciate American manufactures, have new wants, be civilized. Knowing the uses of things, they will want them. They will no longer be content with a hut without furniture, and a pound of rice a day. They will want money to buy the things they need, and will be willing to work for it. It is labor that will make these islands enormously productive. I wish I had the primers."

"Pure Food Legislation " To the Editors of The Outlook:

On page 402 of The Outlook for June 16, Harry B. Mason says he thinks "the present efforts of the dairy interests to have Congress prevent the general sale of oleomargarine . . . by imposing the heavy tax of ten cents per pound upon it are in opposition to the public good." This statement is wholly misleading in two respects: 1. The Grout bill proposes to reduce the present tax of two cents per pound upon all oleomargarine, to onequarter per pound on the honest, uncolored product, and to raise the tax to ten cents per pound upon all that is colored so as to counterfeit butter. That is, to tax out of existence the fraud, the deceit, the counterfeit. 2. The dairy interests object solely to the fraudulent sales of olemargarine as pure butter. Could I have space in these columns I should be glad to show (1) that the use of the natural butter color is the sole successful means of palming off oleomargarine as butter upon the final consumers in restaurants, hotels, etc.; (2) that this is counterfeiting pure and simple, obtaining mcney under false pretenses; (3) that such connterfeiting is immoral and in "opposition to the public good;" (4) that a tax by Congress, so high as to be virtually prohibitory, seems at present to be the best and probably the only means that will succeed through our entire country in compelling oleomargarine to be sold to the final consumers for what it is and not for genuine butter, a gigantic fraud. Mr. Mason admits that "when it (oleomargarine) . . . is dishonestly sold at nearly or fully the price of fresh dairy butter, the rich man has thrust upon him a counterfeit product, and the poor man is defrauded and robbed of his hard-earned

On page 603 of The Outlook for July 7, Charles I. Brigham points out the misleading character of Mr. Mason's state. ment regarding the ten-cent tax, and shows that the tax is upon the coloring, the fraud, and not upon the oleomargarine, and that "such legislation seems the only effective way of preventing fraudulent sales." To this Mr. Mason replies, in part: "This is virtually a tax upon oleomargarine as such, for . . . consumers will not buy and eat an uncolored product. . . . Even pale but good butter can scarcely find a market." This seems to me to give away his whole case. It admits that oleomargarine can be sold only when it counterfeits the color, steals the trademark of pure, high-grade butter. Mr. Mason adds that he thinks "the dairy interests are striving through the Grout bill to prevent the general sale of oleomargarine." No, simply its fraudulent sale as pure butter, rendered possible (to the final consumer) only by counterfeiting the color of pure butter. He says, "Pale but good butter can scarcely find a market." "Pale but good" is a contradiction in terms. diction in terms. Pale butter is not good. Good butter, even in winter, is naturally yellow (though not so dark yellow as in May), because properly made from the cream of cows properly fed and housed. I favor the same tax on coloring white butter to imitate good butter. Natural yellow is the mark to the eye of good butter. butter. Artificial yellow in butter or oleomargarine is the cloak for every abomination and deceit. State laws against coloring oleomargarine to imitate butter are declared by the highest courts to be constitutional; why not let Congress prevent the fraud? Is the fat from steers and hogs " as wholesome and nourishing" as that from cows' cream? We think not; but the point is, we want protection against paying four prices for steers' tallow sold to us for cows' butter. "Both carbon"? So are charcoal and diamond, but not of equal value. It is largely the flavor and relish of butter for which we pay high prices, not its carbon; and oleomargarine has not a quarter as much of these, and

what it has is got from the milk, cream, and buttermilk with which it is churned, while the butter color makes the eye help deceive the palate. The curse of this country is its abominable counterfeiting and adulteration of foods, drinks, medicines, fabrics, everything.

The prejudice against white (uncolored) oleomargarine is not against the color, but against what the final consumer thus knows to be tallow or lard, not real butter. There is no prejudice against white bread, salt, sugar, celery, potatoes. The maker's objection to white (uncolored) oleomargarine is that it reveals its identity to the final consumer, and thereby kills its sale. Consumers do not want cheap grease at a high price. That they ignorantly get in colored oleomargarine. No other civilized land is cursed with laws so inefficient and so inefficiently enforced. The wages of this iniquity are so enormous as to corrupt lawmakers, judges, juries, dealers. The common people, in their taxes, pay for protection against such fraud. The Grout bill gives the most promising hope of protection that is now before the country. Let all who make honest products, all who wish to eat, drink, take, and use just what they pay for, and all who love righteousness and hate iniquity, unite in passing it, and all other just, hopeful, and helpful laws hereafter in in the same direction.

W. I. CHAMBERLAIN,

Associate Editor "Ohio Farmer."

Anglican Communicants

To the Editors of The Outlook:

The Outlook is so generally accurate in its statements, letter and spirit, that the exception is worthy of notice. In your article on "British Sunday-Schools" in the issue of September 22 you say that "the total number of communicants in the Church is less than two millions." While this is true in the letter, it conveys a totally false impression. The rubric in the Prayer-Book of the Church of England reads as follows: "So many as intend to be partakers of the holy communion shall signify their names to the curate, at least some time the day before." This, however, is virtually ignored except at Eastertide; when, during the two weeks preceding Easter Day, a large book is placed on a table in the vestibule of most churches,

in which those who intend making a communion on the great day are requested to sign their names. The number so signing is sent to the proper authorities as representing the number of communicants in each parish; and the aggregate of all names so received goes on record as the number of communicants of the whole Church. I can furnish one illustration of the utter inadequacy of such statistics. Last Easter I was at my old parish church in the suburbs of London. Two hundred and sixty-three persons made known their intention of communicating on Easter Day, and 263 is supposed to represent the strength of that parish. There were celebrations at various hours, with communicants numbering as follows: 6 A.m., 54; 7 A.M., 150; 8 A.M., 324; 11 A.M., 183; Total, 707. And such conditions are the rule rather than the exception, many parishes failing to make any report of the result of their annual "census-taking.”

A statement of similar tenor to that appearing in The Outlook has been made in two denominational papers during the last three years. In each case I have asked courteously that the other side of the matter be given a hearing, but my request has been ignored. May I request that you will be more just? Had I not already trespassed at too great length upon your kindness, I would say something regarding the Sunday-schools of the English Church, but perhaps will be permitted to do so in a later issue.

BRITAMERK.

[The statement above traversed was intended to be understood as that of the British writer from whose statistics we were quoting.-THE EDITORS.]

Another View of Huxley

To the Editors of The Outlook:

I was much surprised to find your reviewer of Huxley's "Life and Letters" representing Huxley as another, with Darwin, whose higher nature had been atrophied by a too exclusive devotion to science. The criticism was the more surprising because Huxley has been often criticised for having too many irons in the fire. Your critic says that Huxley was "not broadly educated," and that he has "not come upon any indication at all that he had any interest in art, music, or

general literature; that he cared for poetry, drama, or belle-lettres." My own experience with the "Life and Letters " has been very different. It amply confirms the impression which I had derived from my previous knowledge; viz., that he was a man of remarkable intellectual breadth. So far was he from being exclusively scientific that from his boyhood his predilection for metaphysical questions was immense. As with metaphysics so with literature. He was on the easiest terms with the great masters in this kind, Dante, Homer, Goethe, and Shakespeare, and was never at a loss for an apt quotation from their books. His allusions to Scott and other novelists, Browning, Tennyson, and other poets, are of a kind that indicates no casual acquaintance with their works. There are so many of these allusions in the "Life and Letters" that your critic's failure to find any is quite astonishing. Then, too, he had, as you know, a very full acquaintance with that finest piece of English literature extant, the King James translation of the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures; and his appreciation of its quality was exceptionally high. His expression of it became classical long since. Moreover, the "Life" expressly says that he was very fond of music and took great delight in certain Sunday evening concerts at which the best music was played. I do not believe that Huxley's lapse from orthodoxy can fairly be attributed to any defect of intellectual breadth or culture. There are not many "literary fellers" who have so full an acquaintance with science as this man of science had with literature. JOHN WHITE CHADWICK.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

To the Same Effect

To the Editors of The Outlook:

In your brief review of the "Life and Letters of T. H. Huxley" you say, "In these books there is little indicationwe have not come upon any indication at all that Mr. Huxley had any interest in art, music, or general literature." On page 443, Vol. II., the biographer says: "Huxley never lost his delight in literature and art. He had a keen eye for a picture and a strong sense of color. To good music he was always susceptible." As a member of the first London School

Board Huxley insisted that drawing and music be taught in every elementary school, as civilizing arts. Huxley's clear and forceful mode of expression, both in his own branch of science and the numerous outside subjects he interested himself in, will always rank him as one of the contributors to the rich literature of the Victorian era. W. H. Cranford, N. J.

The Bible and Fruit Mission

To the Editors of The Outlook: The advance of the age in the care of sickness has not destroyed the fact that illness is painful and tedious and entails many weary hours. A quarter of a century ago Miss Susan R. Kendall, feeling the need among the poor in the public hospitals of New York City, began visits among them, taking them fruit, delicate nourishment, and papers and magazines to read. In a few years nearly three hundred visitors were enlisted. and in 1878 a society was organized which received funds for the purchase of fruit, which was distributed by a large band of volunteer visitors, reaching sometimes as many as sixteen hundred patients in one week. At the end of twenty-five years, changes in management and membership and unexpected financial burdens resulting from other lines of benevolence upon which it had entered caused the society to be disbanded. A few of its original incorporators, however, carried on the hospital work, and they have now reorganized a society to continue the work under the name of the Bible and Fruit Mission. Money is needed for the rent of rooms for the uses of the society, for the salary of a superintendent of the hospital work, and for the purchase of fruits and other delicacies, and an appeal is made for help from all who appreciate the cheer brought to a bedridden patient by the coming of a visitor with a few friendly words, the gift of an apple or an orange to supplement the monotonous hospital fare, and a book or paper to beguile the dreary day. The work of the Flower Mission is well known. There is a field of useful work for the Bible and Fruit Mission also. Checks or money may be sent to the treasurer, Mrs. Seth Banister Robinson, Jr., 635 Park Avenue, or to the superintendent, Miss Helen S. Darling, 146 Lexington Avenue.

Fruit, reading matter, and flowers for distribution may be sent to the rooms of the Bible and Fruit Mission, 449 Second Avenue, New York.

The Outlook in Camp To the Editors of The Outlook :

I was away in the Rocky Mountains some time since for five or six weeks with my boys, and a little incident happened there which I am sure will interest you as it did me. I picked out for my boys four of the best hunters that I could learn of in the Far West. None of these men had ever been

East; they had been born on the Western frontier, and had lived mining and trapping all their lives. We traveled for six weeks together in the wildest part of the Northwestern mountains, a great American forest reserve. A few nights after we left civilization behind us, one of them produced from his hunting-sack a copy of The Outlook, and I then found that two out of the four men had been for years subscribers for the magazine. I am sure this will please you. It did me. W. S. RAINSFORD.

St. George's Rectory, New York.

1. What are the best books to read to learn of the latest knowledge as to the authorship of the Acts? 2. Are the Acts as trustworthy on the subjects they treat of as the Four Gospels? 3. In Allen's "The Reign of Law," page 16, mention is made of "that part of the hemp which every year the dreamy millions of the Orient still consume in quantities beyond human computation." What is referred to? H. P. C.

1. McGiffert's "History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age" (Scribners, $2.50). Bacon's "Introduction to the New Testament (Macmillan. $1.50). 2. We deem them so. 3. From the resin of the hemp is extended the powerful narcotic known in Arabic as haschisch, whence our word "assassin" (haschisch-eater) is said to be derived. What authority have we for omitting the

words For Christ's sake" from prayer? Have we reason to expect an answer to prayer not made through Christ, the Mediator?

H. J.

The phrase is not strictly Scriptural, as the change in the Revised Version shows, where we read " God in Christ" instead of "for Christ's sake " (Ephesians iv., 32). As a matter of fact, the early Christian liturgies very often omit any such formula. Its regular use is rather modern. Prayer in the name of Christ is prayer in the spirit of Christ, "name" in the Bible standing for distinctive character.

Who is the author of the following quotation,

and where is it to be found? For twenty years I have supposed it to be by Robert Browning, but now fail to find it :

"Love me, beloved, for many a day

Will the mists of the morning pass away, Many a day will the brightness of noon Lead to a night that has lost its moon,

And in joy or in sorrow, in autumn or spring, Thy love to my soul is a needful thing."

O. N. J.

In answer to the inquiry of "B. C. A.." I

would say that the air to which Burns wrote "Oh! wert thou in the cauld blast" was originally known as" The Lass of Livingston," and sometimes, from another song, as "The Robin Cam' to the Wren's Nest." It may be found in almost any collection of Scotch songs, set to Burns's verses. One readily obtainable at any music-shop is "The Songs of Scotland," edited by Charles Mackay, and published by Boosey & Co. This song is in the first volume.

W.

“H. A. S.,” who inquired November 24 for "books giving short prayers offered before meals-table blessings." is referred by "L. F. W." to the Handbook Series, Number 26, published by the "Congregationalist," Boston (price 4 cents), containing "a collection of Graces adapted for any mea!; some in verse form, especially for the use of children."

In your issue of October 6, "C. W. G." inquires where a poem containing sundry lines quoted by him may be found. In "The Continental Consert Tunes," a music book prepared for "old folks' concerts, on page 81, "Ode on Science," appears the following:

"The morning sun shines from the east
And spreads his glories to the west.
All nations with his beams are blest
Where'er his radiant light appears;
So Science spreads her lucid ray
O'er lands that long in darkness lay;
She visits fair Columbia,

And sets her sons among the stars.

"Fair Freedom, her attendant, waits To bless the portals of her gates, To crown the young and rising States With laurels of immortal day. The British yoke, the Gallic chain, Was urged upon her sons in vain; All haughty tyrants we disdain, And shout Long Live America!'" The last four lines of the first stanza are the lines quoted by "C. W. G." F. J. C. There is a picture of Benjamin West's called "Lord Clive Receiving the Duana (or Duannic) from the Hand of the Mogul." I have been unable to find anywhere what the meaning of Duana or Duannic is; can any one tell me what the word means, or about the nature of the picture, and where it now is? H. E. J.

I have seen a denial of the assertion that the Mayflower went back to England and then went to Africa and brought a cargo of slaves to Boston, Can any one tell me where I can find the historical fact? C. J. H.

"A. E. P." asks for the "Five Steps of Intemperance." I cannot tell the publisher, but I have a stereopticon slide of it, which I will loan him for use or to copy.

REV. A. C. GRIER (Racine, Wis.).

Vol. 66

Amendments

By a vote of 67 to 17, the The Canal Treaty Senate last week adopted the Davis amendment to the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, stipulating that, while the United States agrees not to erect fortifications along the line of the proposed canal, nothing in the treaty shall prevent her from "securing by her own forces the defense of the United States and the maintenance of public order." There was considerable discussion as to the exact purport of this amendment, and nothing was very clearly defined except that under it the United States could go much further than now toward making the canal a distinctively American waterway. It did not, however, go as far in this direction as the great body of Senators desired, and the Davis amendment had hardly been adopted by this majority of four to one when the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations proceeded to recommend two further amendments, one declaring the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty "hereby superseded," and the other striking out a provision that the new treaty should be brought to the notice of other Powers than Great Britain and the United States, and their adherence invited. Still other amendments yet more hostile to the neutralization of the proposed canal were offered by individual Senators—Mr. Elkins, of West Virginia, and Mr. Penrose, of Pennsylvania, both demanding that the United States be expressly conceded the right to "acquire sovereignty over sufficient territory to build, manage, operate, defend, fortify, protect, and control said canal." The temper of the Senate was thus clearly for such amendments as would make the acceptance of the treaty by Great Britain practically out of the question.

The feeling back of this determination to amend the treaty so that it could not be recognized by its friends was only in part jingoism or hostility to Great Britain

No. 17

or determination that foreign Powers shall have no control over an enterprise carried forward exclusively by American money. In part also it was an unexpressed desire on the part of some Senators to keep modifications of the treaty in the foreground for an indefinite period, and thus postpone action upon the Nicaragua Canal Bill. The strongest friend of the canal bill-Senator Morgan, of Alabama—was for this reason among those who voted against any amendment of the Hay treaty; and the railroad interests which antagonize the canal bill are congratulating themselves that it has been killed for the session without the apparent striking of a blow.

The most interesting news The Philippines from Manila is that relating to the discussion of the liquor license law and the plans of the Commission with regard to establishing a tariff. The liquor regulations finally adopted, although not without opposition, banish, as we understand it, the saloons from the principal avenue, called the Escalta, and from several other crowded business and pleasure streets. There seems to have been a general admission that the scenes on the principal streets since the establishment of numerous saloons, largely for the use of the soldiers, have been discreditable and should no longer be tolerated. A license system has been adopted which will go into effect at once. The Commissioners took the ground that the native police are ineffective to cope with the present situation as relates to the liquor problem in Manila, and that direct military supervision is required in this respect. With regard to the tariff which it is proposed to levy on exports from the United States to the Philippines, Judge Taft is quoted as saying that the Commission