All About Dogs: A Book for Doggie People.

By Charles H. Lane. John Lane, New York. Eighty-seven illustrations of Dog Champions drawn from life by R. H. Moore. 9×5% in. 399 pages. $2.50.

The writer is an expert in dog-lore, and has often acted as judge in English competitions. The amount of information furnished is large, and we have no doubt it is also accurate and sound. The pictures are capital, and show life, character, and action. What a pity that the author did not have his work revised by some one who knows what good English is! Á worse-written book in point of style we have rarely seen.

Alphonse Daudet's Works. Numa Roumes

tan, translated by Charles De Kay. Kings in Exile, translated by Katharine P. Wormeley. The Little Parish Church, translated by George B. Ives. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $1.50 per volume. Three volumes of a new and excellent edition of Daudet. The first two volumes are devoted to two novels so famous and so familiar that it is needless to comment upon them. "The Little Parish Church" is less well known in this country. It was written in 1894, and was thus one of the last of Daudet's books, and a striking contrast to the Tartarin stories which preceded it. The novel is a profound though often disagreeable study of the passion of jealousy, acute psychologically and abounding in passages showing deep knowledge of the springs of human action. The volumes of this edition are of a size pleasant to handle, have a handsome blue-and-gold cover stamp, and are altogether acceptable in all external essentials. Each of the novels has a critical and biographical introduction.

Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. By Henry

F. Hewes, M.D. The American Book Co., New
York. 6x51⁄2 in. 320 pages. $1.

Brief Course in General Physics. By George A. Hoadley. The American Book Co., New York. 7x5 in. 463 pages. $1.20.

The author holds the chair of Physics in Swarthmore College. His practical knowledge stands him in good stead here by showing what can be done in a given course of study, what experiments are possible with simple apparatus, and how best to combine laboratory and text-book work.

Critical Criticiser Criticised; or, Ingersoll's Gospel Analyzed. By Page A. Cochran. 8x5 in. 176 pages. 50c. The writer of this critique on Mr. Ingersoll's discourse, "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" includes a reprint of this in his book. Mr. Ingersoll's incapacity for judicious criticism is illustrated by his objection that the disciples of Jesus knew only the Hebrew tongue, whereas the Gospels are written in Greek. Mr. Cochran's similar incapacity is

illustrated by his presenting the Apocalypse as

a programme of the world's history, and by his finding a particular fulfillment of its predictions in the orgies of the French Revolution. Mr. Ingersoll deserves more credit than he has received for his declaration in regard to Christ, as given in the discourse here reviewed: "Had I lived at that time, I would have been his friend; and should he come again, he will not find a better friend than I will be." First Book of Birds, The. By Olive Thorne

Miller. (School Edition.) Illustrated. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 734× 534 in. 149 pages. 60c. In this volume Mrs. Miller endeavors to interest young people in bird life in such a way as to give them the habit of observation and study. In a series of thirty chapters she gives what are practically as many familiar talks on everything relating to the bird's way of living, his occupations, amusements, diet, home-making, and character. The book is enlivened by eight full-page colored illustrations, besides plain plates, and is equally attractive in the matter of pictures and of text.

From India to the Planet Mars. By Professor Th. Flournoy. Translated by D. D. Vermilye. Harper & Bros., New York. Illustrated. Sx 5 in. 447 pages. $1.50.

Hélène Smith is the name given in this book to a young woman actually living in Geneva and employed in a commercial house there. She has been a "medium" for years, but not for pay. M. Flournoy, who is a professor of psychology in the University of Geneva, has studied this medium for several years, knows her home life and antecedents, and entirely Scouts the theory of conscious fraud or colequal positiveness rejects the spiritistic theory lusion in her "trance manifestations ;" he with held by the young woman herself, and finds a sufficient explanation in sub-conscious brainaction united with telepathy or thought-reading. Hélène imagines herself to be the reincarnation of an Indian princess, and also of Marie Antoinette, while her guiding spirit is Cagliostro, or Joseph Basalmo, now called by his spirit manifestation Leopold. The infantile prattle of the medium about India and Mars (to which latter place she is wont to go freely in her trances) contains nothing whatever to enlighten or instruct mankind, and nothing inconsistent with the theory that the entire mass of literary rubbish might easily have been evolved by the active, imaginative brain of a young woman of no great culture. Whether the construction of these dreams was made with intent to deceive, or (as Professor Flournoy asserts) by latent sub-conscious, self-hypnotized brain-action, is impossible to judge at second hand. The story of Mars actually includes an elaborately con

structed language, self-evidently artificially built upon the idiomatic model of the French tongue-a thing impossible for any language of natural growth, whether in Mars or on the earth.

General William B. Franklin and the Operations of the Left Wing at the Battle of Fredericksburg. By Jacob L. Greene, Hartford, Conn. 82x6 in. 38 pages.

This brief and well-digested monograph, recently prepared for the Hartford Monday Evening Club, revives the conviction, long since formed by military critics, of the woeful incompetence of the Federal General in command at Fredericksburg, and of the gross in justice suffered temporarily by General Franklin in being charged by the Congressional Committee on the conduct of the war with having caused the loss of the battle by disobedience to orders. Colonel Greene's terse presentation of the facts stirs fresh indignation, even at this distance, against the folly and duplicity to which the wise commander fell a victim, the neglect of whose counsel and entreaty was responsible for that bloody and ignominious day.

Higher Algebra. By John F. Downey, M.A., C.E. The American Book Co., New York, 84×6 in. 416 pages. $1.50.

A special feature is made of concise, logical demonstrations following each general principle stated, illustrations and verifications being treated separately. Many new short processes are used.

Kin-Da-Shon's Wife: An Alaskan Story. By Mrs. Eugene S. Willard. The F. H. Revell Co., New York. 8x5 in. 281 pages. $1.

An excellent book for Sunday-school and missionary libraries.

My Mother's Life: The Evolution of a Recluse. By Mary H. Rossiter. F. H. Revell Co., New York. 8x51⁄2 in. 353 pages.

This memoir from autobiographical memoranda is rather remarkable. A delicate woman, thought to be a consumptive, a recluse dreading publicity, idealist and poetical, is gradually led into wide activity in the early "crusading" of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and in service as an evangelist. At the age of fifty-eight, being healed of heart disease, according to medical testimony, through the efficacy of prayer at the sanitarium of the Seventh-Day Adventists, she devotes the rest of her life with augmented energy to the service of that Church. The record in which these points of historical and psychological interest stand out has the attractiveness which belongs to a saintly, unselfish, and heroic spirit.

Practical Composition and Rhetoric. By Will

iam Edward Mead, Ph.D. With the co-operation of Wilbur Fisk Gordy. Sibley & Ducker, Boston. 4x7 in. 371 pages.

"Restraint of Trade;" Pros and Cons of Trusts. By William H. Harper. Published by "Restraint of Trade," Chicago, Ill. 9x6 in. 368 pages. 50c.

An almost encyclopædic collection of facts, arguments, and opinions respecting trusts. The collector has done his work dispassionately, but has, of course, so marshaled his material as to present his own view, which is

that trusts are a necessary product of evolution, from which, in turn, will evolve the public ownership of the monopolized industries. The book is full of telling quotations, the author's love of fairness and love of epigram leading him to insert many which tell against his own positions. One of these is General Francis A. Walker's expression of impatience with the economists who are satisfied to call trusts "the product of evolution." "A modern train-robber," he remarked, "is also a product of evolution. Some evolution is worthy only of condemnation. Some evolutionists ought to be hanged." General Walker never lost sight of the moral in dealing with the economic. What he would have us keep in view respecting capitalistic combinations is the question whether they are evolved from the desire to profit at the expense of others, or the desire to profit through the service of others. If the first, they are to be condemned in economics as well as morals; if the second, they are to be commended. The chief shortcoming of the evolutionists among whom Mr. Harper must be classed is their assumption that, in the domain of economics, grapes may be gathered of thorns, or figs of thistles.

Russia Against India. By Archibald R. Colquhoun. Harper & Bros., New York. 8x5 in. 246 pages. $1.50.

Mr. Colquhoun's books on China have made him a recognized authority of high order on the Eastern question. He knows India as well as he does China, and deals with facts and personal observation rather than with theorizing. Contrary to the opinion of most writers of recent date on the general subject, Mr. Colquhoun holds that there is real danger of a move upon India by Russia, and he urges the taking of immediate measures "to safeguard the prestige of the Anglo-Saxon in Asia." In this he thinks the United States and Germany should join. A main means, he thinks, would be the construction of a railway route from Quetta to Seistan, thence to Ispahan and onward. Under the chapter-title "The British Rule in India" is found some

extremely frank and cogent criticism of overtaxation, red-tape, defective ideals of education; and more might be said about the total lack of real sympathy between governing and governed classes. In large part the book is a historical survey of Russia's "bit-by-bit creeping" toward the east and the southeast. Side-Lights on the Reign of Terror: The

Memoirs of Mademoiselle des Echerolles. Translated by Marie C. Balfour. Illustrated. John Lane, New York. 9x6 in. 334 pages. $4.

There is an ever-renewed fascination about memoirs relating to the Revolution, and few books of the class have more direct, dramatic human interest than those here presented in admirable typographical form and with pleasing portraits. Mademoiselle des Echerolles really had the skill of a professed romancist in framing her dialogue and narrative. The book originally appeared in 1793, and it covers the tragic four years preceding. It was a favorite with Lamartine, and deserves to be with a wide circle of American readers. The present translation is well done.

Seven Gardens and a Palace. By E. V. B. John Lane, New York. 8x5% in. 298 pages. $1.50. This is one of the pleasantest of the many volumes which have appeared in late years in celebration of the beauty, the fragrance, the seclusion, and the interest of gardens. To an American, at least, the English garden never loses its charm; that charm is brought out in seven chapters devoted, with a single exception, to as many different gardens, each garden being characteristic, each illustrative of some stage of garden culture in England, and most of the gardens enriched with historical or personal associations. The volome is delightfully printed and illustrated. Way the Preachers Pray, The.

With Notes by One of Them. W. G. Smith & Co., Minneapolis. 6x4 in. 103 pages. 50c. Ten pulpit prayers of as many prominent ministers of different denominations, having been obtained through stenographers, are severally criticised in this volume by an eleventh minister. The purpose is laudable, and the effect likely to be beneficial, so far as the criticisms, which are both apt and kindly, obtain consid

66

eration. The prayers under review are generally superior in expression to the average extemporaneous effort. The denominations represented are the Baptist, Congregationalist, Disciples, Methodist, Presbyterian, Universalist, and Independent; but there is nothing in any of the prayers to indicate the denominational source, or anything more distinctive than the pervading unity of the Christian spirit. The value of the collection is considerably enhanced by an introductory essay on Prayer in the Light of Modern Thought." The writer concludes by quoting with approval a recent editorial utterance in The Outlook. Whilomville Stories. By Stephen Crane. Illustrated by Peter Newell. Harper & Bros., New York. 7X51⁄2 in. 199 pages. $1.50. Mr. Crane, from his first great popular success until his recent sad death, did no literary work more thoroughly and truly artistic than is found in these slight and simple sketches of child life. If they are not hilariously humorous, they are whimsically droll, and they bridge the interval between the reader's adult life and his boyhood with amazing skill and truth.

Will you please give me all the information

you can regarding the exact relation sustained by the Church of England to the State? For instance, how are the clergymen appointed? how are they paid? are the people taxed to support the Church? etc. C. Y. Theoretically, every founder of a church had the right to appoint its minister in perpetuity. At the present time 6,092 benefices are in the gift of private persons, 1,144 in the gift of the Crown, 1,853 of bishops, 938 of cathedral chapters and other dignitaries, 770 in universities and collegiate bodies, and 931 in the gift of the incumbent of the mother church. The highest officers are appointed by the Ministry in the name of the Crown, and the management of the Church is in the hands of the bishops and archbishops, subject to the authority of the Queen and Parliament. The bishops and archbishops are entitled to seats in the House of Lords. The greater part of the revenue of the Church is derived from ancient endowments, and is estimated to be about seven million pounds annually.

1. What books of reference would you recommend to a Bible class of college students studying the Exile and the period subsequent thereto? What books of the Bible and what portions of books are assigned by modern scholarship to these periods? W.

1. See Sanders and Kent's "Messages of the Later Prophets" (Scribners, $1), Kent's "History of the Jewish People," and Riggs's ditto (Scribners, $1.50 each), Cheyne's "Jewish Religious Life after the Exile" (Putnams, $1.50). 2. The following entire: Ruth, Chronicles. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Canticles, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Haggai, Malachi, Joel, Jonah, Zechariah, Daniel. The following in part: Psalms, Proverbs, Isaiah, Jeremiah. Additions were made to Judges, Samuel, Kings, and the Pentateuch, with Joshua, was completed and put into the present form. See Bennett's "Primer of the Bible" (Holt & Co., $1.25).

What works on Natural History would you recommend for a school library, cost not to exceed $75 or $100?

L. I. D. The following list of books relating to Natural History and cognate subjects was prepared at our request by a teacher of experience. Other correspondents and readers will, we think, find it useful. Any bookseller could procure the works named, but the prices given are those actually obtained by one library buying all the books and receiving a discount: Autobiography of the Earth," Hutchinson, 96c.; "First Book in Geology," Shaler, 95c.; Geological Excursions," Winchell, $1; "Story of Our Continent," Shaler, 80c.; "Nature and Man in America," Shaler, 96c.; "Introduction to Geology," Scott, $1.71;" Rivers of North America," Russell, $1.28; "How Plants Grow," Gray, 76c.; "How to Know the Wild Flowers," Dana, $1.40; "Botanizing," Bailey, 48c.;

Plant Life," Barnes, $1.07; "Elementary Botany," Atkinson, $1.19; "Trees of the Northern United States," Apgar, 95c.; "How to Know the Ferns," Parsons, $1.20; "Moulds, Mildew, and Mushrooms," Underwood, $1.43; "Life and Her Children," Buckley, 96c.; "Days Out-ofDoors," Abbott, 96c.; "Wild Neighbors," Ingersoll, 96c.; Boys and Girls in Biology," Stevenson, 64c.; " Zoology," Packard, $2.28; "Insect Life," Comstock, 96c.; Ants, Bees, and Wasps," Lubbock, $1.28; "Aquatic Insects," Miall, $1.12; “ Entomology for Beginners," Packard, $1.33; "Life of a Butterfly," Scudder, 75c.; " Brief Guide to Common Butterflies," Scudder, 94c.; "Butterflies," Scudder, $1.43; "Life Histories of American Insects," Weed, 96c; "Manual of Vertebrate Animals," Jordan $2.03; "Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America," Chapman, $1.92; " Aspects of the Earth," Shaler, $1.60; "Lakes of North America," Russell, $1.50; "Trees of Northeastern America," Newhall, $1.12; Butterfly Book," Holland, $2.55; "American Fishes," Goode, $2.24; "Bird Neighbors," Blanchan, $1.28; “Birds that Hunt and are Hunted," Blanchan, $1.28; "Evolution of Geography," Keane, $1.60; "Winners in Life's Race," Fisher, 96c.; "Curious Homes and Their Tenants,"

Beard, 59c.; "Sparks from a Geologist's Hammer,” Winchell, $1; "Our Native Ferns," Underwood, $1; "Walks and Talks in the Geological Field," Winchell, $1; "Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers," Tyndall, 96c.; "First Book of Physical Geography," Tarr, 99c.; “Elementary Physiology," Morgan, 58c.; "Elementary Meteorology," Waldo, $1.50; “Elementary Physiography," Thornton, 72c.; " Elementary Meteorology," Davis, $2.50; Physical Properties of Gases," Kimball, 80c.; "Sound, Light, and Heat," Wright, 72c.; "Electricity," Brennan, 48c.; "Wireless Telegraphy," Bottone, 64c.; "Electricity," Caillard, 80c.; "Whirlwinds, Cyclones, and Tornadoes," Davis, 38c.; "Elementary Meteorology," Ward, $1.12; Minerals, and How to Study Them," Dana, $1.13; "Fairyland of Science," Fisher, 96c.; The Sun, Young, $1.28; Volcanoes, Their Structure, etc.," Bonney, $1.28; "Earthquakes and Other Earth Movements," Milne, $1.12; "Stories of Insect Life," Murfeldt and Weed, 30c.; "Citizen Bird," Wright and Coues, $1.35; “Our Native Trees," Keeler, $1.60; "Familiar Trees and Their Leaves," Mathews, $1.12; "Shrubs of Northeastern America," Newhall, $1.12; "Guide to the Trees," Lounsberry, $1.60; "Extinct Monsters," Hutchinson, $1.26; " Ice-Work, Present and Past," Bonney, 96c.; "Story of the Hills," Hutchinson, 96c.; "North American Slime-Moulds," Macbride, $2.03; "Lessons with Plants," Bailey, 99c.; "Nature and Work of Plants," Macdougal, 72c.; "Plant Relation," Coulter, 99c.; "Plant Structures," Coulter, $1.08; "Our Native Birds," Lange, 90c.; Manual of Zoology," Parker and Haswell, $1.44; "Colours of Animals," Poulton, $1.12; "Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals," Heilprin, 96c.; Wonders of the Yellowstone," Richardson, 96c.; "Gleanings from Nature," Blatchley, $1.13; Physiography for Advanced Students," Simmons, 99c.; "Glaciers of North America," Russell, $1.75; Physiology of the Senses," McKendrick and Snodgrass. $1.20; "Introduction to Zoology," Davenport, $1.20.

I am trying to do some mission work among the newsboys of this city, and am anxious to learn something of the methods used in such work, as it has been very little noticed here, except by the Salvation Army. Has anything been published upon the subject? If so, please refer me to it. J. C. H. The League for Social Service, to whose bureau of information we referred this inquiry, sends us the following:

The institutional churches and settlement houses of this city do a great work for street boys, but nothing for newsboys as a class. There is a newsboys' club at the Willard Y. Settlement, Myrtle Street, Boston. For information address Miss Sara E. Coates, at the Settlement house. The National Printer-Journalist," February, 1899, gives a full account of the work for newsboys done by the "Evening Press," of Grand Rapids, Mich. (Chicago, 25 cts.). See also Reports of the Children's Aid Society, New York City; "Boys' Clubs," by Winifred Buck (North American Review." October, 1898, page 509) ; About Boys and Boys' Clubs," by Alvan F. Sanborn (North American Review," August, 1898, page 254). I have been very much interested recently in reading Henry Drummond's "Natural Law in the Spiritual World." What is your opinion of it? Can you give me the names, publishers, and prices of any other books of a similar character? W. L. D.

We know of no other book that treats the subject so elaborately. Its merit is in exhibiting some real analo gies between the laws of nature and of spirit. Its defect is in some false analogies, favoring quietism and Calvinism. Professor Drummond is believed to have changed his mind on some points, but did not live to rewrite the book. Dr. Bushnell, in his "Moral Uses of Dark Things" (Scribners, New York, $1.50), has, if we remember correctly, struck the same vein of thought; and Tennyson refers to it in his line,

"One God, one law, one element."

Can you give in your columns, or tell where I can find, the best forms of benediction other than the Apostolic formulas? CLERGYMAN. Besides the Apostolic formulas (see 2 Corinthians xiii.. 14; 1 Thessalonians v., 28, and 2, ii., 16, 17; iii., 16;

Hebrews xiii., 20, 21), there is the priestly formula in Numbers vi., 24-26, and the royal benediction in 1 Kings viii., 57. A benediction is often made from Philippians iv., 7, by a simple change of mood in the verb, also adding, usually," And the blessing of God Almighty, Father. Son, and Holy Spirit, abide with you forever." We have heard of non-Biblical benedictions, but do not admire such, and do not know where they are found.

In traveling through the Berkshire Hills, I came upon the following verse painted upon a board and nailed to the trunk of a majestic elm standing in front of a prominent hotel. Neither the proprietor nor any guest present could give the name of the author. Can you, for I have examined a half dozen encyclopædias of poetry and fail to find the name?

THE VOICE OF THE ELMS

Cæsar lived fifty, we an hundred years,
And still another hundred will stand like seers,
And watch the generations as they come and go
Beneath our branches in their hurried flow.

D. B. C. These lines are evidently of the homespun kind. It not by a local rhymer, they are probably by one equally unknown to the Muses.

1. I send you a clipping in which I find J. W. Philip, of the battle-ship Texas, spoken of as an Admiral. Please write me if he was made an Admiral after the battle of Santiago. 2. Also state what are the steps in the navy before a line officer can be made an Admiral, and whether or not more than one Admiral can be in one fleet. L. M. R.

1. He was made a Rear-Admiral, which, in colloquial usage, and by courtesy, gives him the title of Admiral. 2. The grades in the naval service are, Ensign, Lieutenant, Lieutenant-Commander, Commander, Captain, Commodore, Rear-Admiral, Admiral. There are several Rear-Admirals in the United States Navy at present; Admiral Dewey alone holds the rank of Admiral. "Jesus wept." Why? Can John xii., 40, be reconciled with God's love and justice if man is immortal by nature? D. H. C. The natural tribute of a tender heart to the sorrow of friends, though assured of their speedy relief. The passage as quoted by John is not the same as the original in Isaiah vi., 10, but must not be understood as affirming a direct act of God. It refers rather to the natural operation of moral causes (divinely arranged, of course), whereby neglect of moral and religious faculties brings on a weakness or palsy of those faculties, with resulting inability to discern and lay hold of saving truth. Would you be good enough to mention some of the publications of the Society of Psychical Research, and say where they may be had?

W. M. Its publications are mostly confined to its monthly "Journal" and semi-annual " Proceedings." both of which go free to members and Associates paying the annual fee of $5. It also publishes Mr. Edmund Gurney's valuable work on "Phantasms" (ie., apparitions). Address the Secretary of the American Branch of the Society at 5 Boylston Place, Boston, Mass.

Will The Outlook please inform me about Ralstonism, and say whether or not it is indorsed by intelligent men and women who are not interested in it financially? J. Q. R. We have no direct personal knowledge of it, but know intelligent persons who esteem it highly as a scheme of hygienic living. For details of the scheme see the publications issued at the office in Washington, D. C.

Can any one inform me who is the author of these lines:

"The poem hangs on the berry-bush
When comes the poet's eye;

And the whole street is a masquerade
When Shakespeare passes by."

H. C. H.

Kindly tell me by whom the following poems
were written: The Deliverance of Leyden" and
Battle-song of Gustavus Adolphus."
M. W. K.

What Can a Nation Do?

To the Editors of The Outlook:

You say, "The Outlook believes that the United States is a Nation, that it has all the powers and prerogatives of a Nation, that it may do whatever it is legitimate and honorable for any Nation to do." Now for my questions. Some nations may legitimately and honorably make grants for the support of royalty; may this Nation do that? Some nations may legitimately and honorably grant titles of nobility; may this Nation do that? Some nations may legitimately and honorably deal with domestic violence without regard to local authorities; may this Nation do that? Some nations may legitimately and honorably pass laws respecting an establishment of religion; may this Nation do that? Some nations may legitimately and honorably alter boundaries between their different component parts; may this Nation do that? Indeed, what is the relation of this Nation to the Constitution of the United States? J. P.

[We think our meaning was clear enough. Any nation may legitimately and honorably do in its national capacity whatever is consonant, first, with the general laws of justice and righteousness, and, second, with its own essential principles as incorporated in its constitution, written or unwritten. This principle of national life belongs to the United States as a nation. It is a nation, not a confederacy of States. THE EDITORS.]

Hospital Experiments: The Religious View To the Editors of The Outlook:

The letter which appeared in The Outlook recently concerning some "Hospital Experiments" touches questions of much interest. To what extent are investigations upon sick patients in hospitals morally justifiable when made, not for any benefit to the individual, but simply for the general advancement of science? That such experiments upon human beings are frequently made is only too certain. Only last week (August 4) a noted New York surgeon described in the

use.

"Journal of the American Medical Association" his experience with a new instrument, which some of his professional brethren consider of doubtful value. This instrument, the surgeon assures them, is a really good thing, and one quite safe to "In order to test the efficiency of it, I selected for hysterectomy two cases. They were strictly inoperable cases from The instrument the standpoint of cure. worked satisfactorily, but what of the patients? In this instance, two women incurably diseased with cancer were subjected to the most severe surgical operation possible, not with any hope or thought of effecting a cure, for the cases "strictly inoperable," but merely, as he explains with frankness, "in order to test the efficiency" of his new instrument. This surgeon is one of the leading men in the medical profession, widely known as a writer, and he is attached to one of the hospitals of New York City. I want to be entirely fair in the statement of the case. The poor creatures were beyond the possibility of cure, and would have died anyway before long. Undoubtedly their lives were a burden, and death a release. Was it right or wrong to use them as tests of the surgical efficiency of a new instrument?

were

It seems to me that the answer to this vivisection, depends very largely upon the question, involving the morality of human attitude which one takes towards some of the vital problems of life. What, for example, is a man's relation toward religion? Here is one who believes in the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man; in the story of the manger and the cross; in the mission of Jesus Christ; in that divine love which touched alike the fallen woman at the feast, the blind beggar by the wayside, Lazarus with his sores, and the prodigal among the swine. How sacred, then, to him is even "the least of these my brethren"! There is a surgeon in Baltimore-one of the most eminent in America, I am glad to saywho never performs a capital operation without going first upon his knees and asking the blessing of God. Can we imagine such a man "testing the efficiency"