brutes be trained to the sagacity of the elephant. The cause of these differences Mr. Hope traces to certain circumstances in climate, soil, and situation; and he observes, that it is in those regions where Nature has been more than ordinarily bountiful to the inferior animals, that she has seemed most niggardly to man: for the elements, forestalled and exhausted by the combinations necessary for the formation of the former, were but scantily afforded in their concurrence for the formation of the latter. The country of the ourang outang and the elephant is at the same time the birthplace of the most degraded of the human species; and, on a comparison, it may fairly be called in doubt, whether, in that country, the advantage remain with the man, or with the brute: the former, it is true, is possessed of faculties of which the other is wholly deprived; but so imperfectly are they developed, as scarcely to be of any value, while he is greatly inferior in those physical qualities, and in the senses, they enjoy in common.

"Of the original races, some, both of the highest and of the lowest species, have become extinct. The latter have perished and left no trace; but of the former, the records of ages of the remotest time indicate a people, cultivated in arts and manners, theists in religion; the first and most excellent of creation; whose stature, form, and longevity, attest an immeasurable superiority; and from whose wreck, mixed up with baser matter, was collected and preserved by tradition all that has since formed the basis and nucleus of civilisation. Such were the Bible Patriarchs before the flood-such the Titans of mythology-such the Præ-adamites of Arabian fable. Next in order of excellence must be placed the stock anciently inhabiting the country between the Euxine and Caspian, to the south; chiefly known by the colony which, under the name of Pelagians, Hellenes, and Dorians, settled in Greece, and the country along the coast of the Mediterranean adjacent. These were alike beautiful in form, and exquisite in faculty; by them was carried to rapid perfection all that is in art most rare, and in science most abstruse; and it is according as succeeding generations approach the purity of this race, that they will

approximate to an excellence which, deteriorated as they are, they never can hope fully to attain.

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Pursuing the analogy by which he has, from the simplest elements (elements not yet obvious to the senses, scarcely indeed to the imagination), traced the concatenation to shapeless masses, to crystallised substance, to organisation, to vitality,―till, in the latest and highest link, the diapason closes full in, --Mr. Hope follows the decombinations of this world, to other combinations in a more central and less imperfect sphere, in which they will be absorbed; forming there an entity comprehending all modifications, inanimate and animate, inorganised and organic, vegetable and animal, sentient and intellectual, from the first and simplest to the last and highest, on which it was founded.

"Such are the speculations of a writer, long holding a distinguished place among the authors of the day, but in a department of literature so distinct from that which occupied his latter years, that few, in perusing them, would recognise the author of those works on art, and above all, of that splendid fiction by which Mr. Hope is chiefly known. In these metaphysical disquisitions there is strong internal evidence of an earnest and sincere pursuit of truth, and of amiable and benevolent feelings, which, however obnoxious Mr. Hope's paradoxes may be, cannot fail to conciliate: and if his reasonings do not convince, they at least afford ingenious views, well followed up; and, to the few, materials for thinking.”

Mr. Hope died on the 3d of February, 1831. It has been said of him, and we believe with only strict justice, that he was a most affectionate husband, a fond and watchful parent, and a kind and humane man to all his domestics and dependants; that his knowledge was extensive, varied, and solid; and that his unostentatious habits and manners rendered him an object of admiration to those who were honoured with his friendship.

A large collection has been left by Mr. Hope of drawings and engravings illustrative of buildings and scenery in Greece, Turkey, Italy, France, Germany, &c., and several plates of his antique sculpture and vases.

Mr. Hope married, April 16, 1806, the Hon. Louisa Beresford, fifteenth and youngest child of the Right Rev. Lord Decies, Lord Archbishop of Tuam, and sister to the present Lord Decies. They had three sons; the eldest of whom, Mr. Henry Hope, was a Groom of the Bedchamber to King George the Fourth, and still holds that office to his present Majesty. Mrs. Hope, also, is Woman of the Bedchamber to her Majesty there is a charming portrait of this lady by Sir Thomas Lawrence.

Mr. Hope's will has been proved by his brother, P. H. Hope, Esq., and Jeremiah Harman, Esq., to each of whom is left a legacy of one thousand pounds. The collection of Italian pictures, articles of vertù, and the furniture, together with the house in Mansfield Street, are left to the eldest son, who is likewise residuary legatee. To his widow is left one thousand pounds in money, to be paid immediately; an annuity of one thousand pounds a year, in addition to the lady's marriage settlement of three thousand a year; and during her life the mansion and furniture at Deepdene. Large legacies are left to his other children; and many of his friends are also remembered in his will, especially the Rev. William Harness, son of his friend Doctor Harness, to whom he has left five hundred pounds. Probate was granted for one hundred and eighty thousand pounds personal property. The gallery in Duchess Street, appended to Mr. Hope's house, in which his Italian pictures are deposited, was built by his brother, Mr. P. H. Hope; and the splendid assemblage of pictures by the Dutch and Flemish masters, which are mingled with the Italian school, are the property of Mr. P. H. Hope, by whom they were collected.

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No. XVII.

THE RIGHT HON. ARCHIBALD COCHRANE,

NINTH EARL OF DUNDONALD, LORD COCHRANE OF PAISLEY AND OCHILTREE, LORD COCHRANE OF DUNDONALD, AND A BARONET OF NOVA SCOTIA.

It is impossible to contemplate the life of the noble subject of this memoir without pain. Like many other celebrated men, he greatly contributed to the progress of useful knowledge, and the benefit of his country, without the slightest advantage to himself. Indeed, he wholly expended his private fortune in speculations, which have proved profitable only to others; and devoted to the public that time and those talents which, if they had been bestowed, or even partially bestowed, upon the management and improvement of his own estate, would have rendered him as opulent as he actually became

necessitous.

The noble family of which he was the representative took its surname from the barony of Cochrane, in Renfrewshire, North Britain, where it appears to have been of great antiquity. Although his ancestors did not attain the dignity of the peerage until the reign of Charles I. yet they had been Barons of some distinction for many centuries before. William Cochrane, a chieftain who in his time possessed considerable power and renown, left but one child, Elizabeth, who married Alexander Blair (the proper family name at this day); and by him had seven sons. William, the second of these, was created Baron Cochrane of Dundonald, in 1647, by Charles I.; and was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Dundonald, in 1669, by Charles II. From his eldest son descended seven Earls of Dundonald; but that branch became extinct in 1758, by the demise of William, a bachelor, who was killed at the capture of Cape Breton. The honours and

estates then devolved on Thomas, the father of the late peer; he being descended from John, the younger son of the first Earl.

Archibald Cochrane, the late Earl, was born on the 1st of January, 1748-9. He was the second but eldest surviving son of Thomas, by his second wife Jean, eldest daughter of Archibald Stewart, of Torrence, in the county of Lanark, Esq.; which lady lived to the age of eighty-six, and died in 1808.

In 1764, his Lordship obtained a Cornet's commission in the 3d regiment of dragoons. He soon, however, quitted the army for the navy, and served as a midshipman under one of his countrymen, the late Captain Stair Douglas, a gallant officer of the old school. He was afterwards stationed on board a vessel on the coast of Guinea as an acting Lieutenant; and there manifested great talents and peculiarities; among the latter of which was the custom of appearing constantly, except on duty, without a hat; for the purpose, as he observed, "of keeping the head cool."

On the demise of his father, which took place on the 27th of June, 1778, Lord Cochrane succeeded to the family titles. He then determined to devote himself entirely to scientific pursuits, with the laudable view of improving the manufactures and commerce of his country.

One of the first inventions published by this nobleman was intimately connected with the safety of the British navy, the extension of our mercantile speculations, and the advantage of the great proprietors of estates in the northern portion of the kingdom. While on the coast of Africa, he had perceived that both King's ships and merchant vessels were subject to be worm-eaten in a very short space of time; instances, indeed, having occurred in some of the great rivers, in which, in the course of a few months, they were declared not to be " seaworthy." To remedy such an evil became a particular object of Lord Dundonald's study; and he at last hit upon an expedient which promised to be attended with the most brilliant success, both in a national and in a profitable point of view. It was his Lordship's opinion that an extract from coal, in the