PARADISE LOST.

BOOK XII.

THE ARGUMENT.

The Angel Michael continues, from the flood, to relate what shall succeed; then, in the mention of Abraham, comes by degrees to explain who that Seed of the Woman shall be which was promised Adam and Eve in the fall. His incarnation, death, resurrection, and ascension; the state of the church till his second coming. Adam, greatly satisfied and re-comforted by these relations and promises, descends the hill with Michael: wakens Eve, who all this while had slept, but with gentle dreams composed to quietness of mind and submission. Michael in either hand leads them out of Paradise, the fiery sword waving behind them, and the Cherubim taking their stations to guard the place.

As one who in his journey baits at noon,
Tho' bent on speed; so here th' Archangel paus'd
Betwixt the world destroy'd, and world restor❜d,
If Adam ought perhaps might interpose;
Then with transition sweet new speech resumes:
"Thus thou hast seen one world begin and end:
And man as from a second stock proceed.
Much thou hast yet to see, but I perceive
Thy mortal sight to fail; objects divine
Must needs impair and weary human sense.
Henceforth what is to come I will relate,
Thou therefore give due audience and attend.
This second source of men, while yet but few,
And while the dread of judgment past remains
Fresh in their minds, fearing the Deity,
With some regard to what is just and right,
Shall lead their lives, and multiply apace,
Lab'ring the soil and reaping plenteous crop,

10

Corn, wine, and oil; and, from the herd or flock,
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid,

With large wine-offerings pour'd, and sacred feast,
Shall spend their days in joy unblam'd, and dwell
Long time in peace, by families and tribes,
Under paternal rule: till one shall rise
Of proud ambitious heart, who, not content
With fair equality, fraternal state,
Will arrogate dominion undeserv'd
Over his brethren, and quite dispossess
Concord and law of nature from the earth,
Hunting (and men not beasts shall be his game)
With war and hostile snare such as refuse
Subjection to his empire tyrannous:

A mighty hunter thence he shall be styl'd
Before the Lord, as in despite of Heaven,
Or from Heaven claiming second sov'reignty;
And from rebellion shall derive his name,
Though of rebellion others be accuse.
He with a crew, whom like ambition joins
With him, or under him, to tyrannize

20

30

Marching from Eden towards the west, shall find 40
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge,
Boils out from under ground, the mouth of Hell:
Of brick, and of that stuff they cast to build
A city and tow'r, whose top may reach to Heaven;
And get themselves a name, lest, far dispers'd
In foreign lands, their memory be lost,
Regardless whether good or evil fame.
But God, who oft descends to visit men
Unseen, and through their habitations walks
To mark their doings, them beholding soon,
Comes down to see their city, ere the tower
Obstruct Heaven-tow'rs, and in derision sets
Upon their tongues a various spirit to rase
Quite out their native language, and instead.

50

To sow a jangling noise of words unknown.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud
Among the builders; each to other calls
Not understood, till hoarse, and all in rage,

60

As mock'd, they storm: great laughter was in Heaven,
And looking down, to see the hubbub strange
And hear the din; thus was the building left
Ridiculous, and the work Confusion nam'd."
Whereto thus Adam fatherly displeas'd:

"O execrable son, so to aspire

Above his brethren, to himself assuming
Authority usurp'd, from God not given;
He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl,
Dominion absolute; that right we hold
By his donation; but man over men
He made not lord: such title to himself
Reserving, human left from human free.
But this usurper his encroachment proud
Stays not on man: to God his tow'r intends
Siege and defiance. Wretched man! what food
Will he convey up thither to sustain
Himself and his rash army, where thin air
Above the clouds will pine his entrails gross,
And famish him of breath, if not of bread?”.
To whom thus Michael: "Justly thou abhor'st
That son, who on the quiet state of men
Such trouble brought, affecting to subdue
Rational liberty; yet know withal

Since thy original lapse, true liberty

Is lost, which always with right reason dwells
Twin'd, and from her hath no dividual being.
Reason in man obscur'd, or not obey'd,
Immediately inordinate desires.

And upstart passions catch the government
From reason, and to servitude reduce

Man till then free. Therefore since he permits
Within himself unworthy pow'rs to reign

70

80

90

Over free reason, God in judgment just
Subjects him from without to violent lords;
Who oft as undeservedly inthrall

His outward freedom: tyranny must be
Though to the tyrant thereby no excuse,
Yet sometimes nations will decline so low
From virtue, which is reason, that no wrong,
But justice, and some fatal curse annex'd,
Deprives them of their outward liberty,
Their inward loss. Witness th' irreverent son
Of him who built the ark, who for the shame
Done to his father, heard this heavy curse,
"Servant of servants," on his vicious race.
Thus will this latter, as the former world,
Still tend from bad to worse, till God at last,
Wearied with their iniquities, withdraw
His presence from among them, and avert
His holy eyes; resolving from thenceforth
To leave them to their own polluted ways;
And one peculiar nation to select

From all the rest, of whom to be invok'd,
A nation from one faithful man to spring.
Him on this side Euphrates yet residing,
Bred up in idol-worship. O that men

100

(Canst thou believe?) should be so stupid grown, While yet the patriarch liv'd, who 'scap'd the flood, As to forsake the living God, and fall.

110

To worship their own work in wood and stone
For Gods! Yet him God the Most High vouchsafes
To call by vision from his father's house,

His kindred and false gods, into a land

Which he will show him, and from him will raise
A mighty nation, and upon him shower
His benediction so, that in his seed
All nations shall be blest; he straight obeys,
Not knowing to what land, yet firm believes.
I see him, but thou canst not, with what faith

120

He leaves his gods, his friends, and native soil,
Ur of Chaldea, passing now the ford
To Haran, after him a cumbrous train
Of herds and flocks, and numerous servitude;
Not wand'ring poor, but trusting all his wealth.
With God, who call'd him, in a land unknown.
Canaan he now attains; I see his tents

Pitch'd about Sechem, and the neighb'ring plain
Of Moreb; there by promise he receives
Gift to his progeny of all that land,

130

From Hamath northward to the desert south,
(Things by their names I call, tho' yet unnam'd) 140
From Hermon east to the great western sea;
Mount Hermon, yonder sea, each place behold
In prospect, as I point them; on the shore
Mount Carmel; here the double-founted stream
Jordan, true limit eastward; but his sons
Shall dwell to Senir, that long ridge of hills..
This ponder, that all nations of the earth
Shall in his seed be blessed; by that seed
Is meant thy great Deliverer, who shall bruise
The serpent's head; whereof to thee anon
Plainlier shall be reveal'd. This patriarch blest,
Whom faithful Abraham due time shall call,
A son, and of his son a grandchild leaves,
Like him in faith, in wisdom, and renown;
The grandchild with twelve sons increas'd departs
From Canaan, to a land hereafter call'd
Egypt, divided by the river Nile;

See where it flows, disgorging at seven mouths
Into the sea: to sojourn in that land
He comes invited by a younger son

In time of dearth; a son whose worthy deeds
Raise him to be the second in that realm
Of Pharaoh; there he dies, and leaves his race
Growing into a nation, and now grown
Suspected to a sequent king, who seeks
To stop their overgrowth, as inmate guests

150

160