Military Educational System of the United States. 469 Military Educational System of the United States. THE milltary educational system of the United States, exclusive of the Military Academy at West Point, comprises the following: I. The Army War College, Washington, D. C., under the management of a President and directors detailed from officers of the army. The course of Instruction is for one year, beginning September 1. A limited number of officers not below the rank of captain, selected on account of exceptional efficiency and fitness, are detalled annually for instruction. The purpose of the college Is to make practical application of knowledge already acquired, not to impart academic instruction. The group of schools established at Fort Leavenworth, II. The Army Service Schools. Kansas, consisting of the Army School of the Line as the basic school, the Army Staff College, the The course of instruction at the schools, except as otherwise stated, is included in one term from September 1 to June 30 of the following year. The object of this school is the Instruction of Upon graduation, the student class are graded, in order of merit, as "honor graduates," 2. The Army Staff College, for the instruction of officers detalled annually from the The Commandant, Assistant Commandant, Secretary and Senior Instructors of the 3. The Army Signal School, for Instruction of officers of the Signal Corps in their 4. The Army Field Engineer School, for the Instruction of officers of the Engineer 5. The Army Field Service and Correspondence School for Medical Officers, III. The Army Medical School, Washington, D. C., for the instruction of medical officers of the army, candidates for appointment in the Medical Corps, and medical officers of the National Guard. The faculty consists of a President and Instructors. The course of instruction is for eight months, from October 1 each year. Graduates receive diplomas. IV. The Coast Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Virginia. enlarge the field of Instruction of the garrison schools for Coast Artillery officers by advanced courses The courses of instruction for of study and practical training in technical duties; to prepare specially selected officers for the more Important positions in the Coast Artillery; also to educate and train selected enlisted men for the higher non-commissioned staff grades in the Coast Artillery. officers and enlisted men are each comprised in one school year, from January 3 to December 1. Special courses in ballistics are also provided. Omcers who are graduated are furnished with diplomas, as "honor graduates," "distinguished graduates," or "graduates," according to their standing. This school is under the control V. The Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D. C. of the Chlef of Engineers. Its object is to prepare junior officers of engineers for the active duties of their corps; to make experiments and recommendations, and to give instruction pertaining to the civil engineering work of the army. The course of Instruction is one year, beginning September 1. Diplomas are given to students who successfully complete the course. VI. The Mounted Service School, Fort Riley, Kansas, is under the command of a general officer, who also commands the post of Fort Riley. The object of the school is to give practical Instruction to field and company officers of cavalry and fleld artillery, and to farriers and horsefor field officers begin April 1 and October 10: the course for company shoers. The courses officers is from September 25 to June 30, following; and for farriers and horseshoers two courses Company officers who are graduated receive diplomas. of four months each. VII. The School of Fire for Field Artillery, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for practical Instruction In Courses of instruetion are prescribed: A, for captains and lleutenants; B, field artillery firing. for field officers of field artillery; C, for non-commissioned officers, and D, for officers of the militia. Officers and enlisted men who complete any course satisfactorily receive certificates of proficiency. VIII. School of Musketry, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for instruction in small-arms firing. IX. Garrison Schools, one at each military post, for the instruction of officers of the army and the National Guard, in subjects pertaining to their ordinary duties. The course covers three years and the annual terms five months each, from November 1st. Certificates of proficiency in each subject of study are given to those who pass the prescribed examination therein. X. Post Schools for Instruction of Enlisted Men in the common branches of edu XI. Schools for Bakers and Cooks, at San Francisco, California, Washington, D. C., and Fort Riley, Kansas, for the instruction of selected enlisted men. They must be Officers of the National Guard are admitted to most of the Army Schools, under the Militia Those admitted to any of the schools receive mileage law of January 21, 1903, and regulations prescribed by the War Department. nominated by the Governors of their States. and money commutations for subsistence, quarters, etc. A considerable number of militia officers enter these schools, notably the garrison schools, annually. 470 Cost of Maintaining Armies and Navies. The Organized and Unorganized Militia of the U. S. "That and (Compiled for THE WORLD ALMANAC from the latest official reports.) THE Militia law of January 21.1903, as amended by the act of May 27, 1908, provides; the militia shall consist of every able-bodied male citizen of the respective States every able-bodied male of foreign birth who has declared his intention to become a citizen, who is more than 18 and less than 45 years of age, and shall be divided into two classes-the organized militia, to be known as the National Guard • or by such other designations as may be given them by the laws of the respective States or Territories; the remainder to be known as the reserve militia," STATES AND 1 Alabama..... 2Arizona.... Official Designation of the Organized Alabama National Guard Arkansas National Guard National Guard of California.. Colorado National Guard........ .... Connecticut National Guard... Organized Militia of Delaware... Vermont Nation al Guard... Virginia Volunteers.... 47 Washington. National Guard of Washington. 48 West Virginia... West Virginia National Guard.. 49 Wisconsin 50 Wyoming.. Totals. Wisconsin National Guard. Wyoming National Guard. 33 North Carolina...... 34 North Dakota... 35 Ohio.......... 36 Oklahoma........ 37 Oregon.... 38 Pennsylvania. 39 Rhode Island... 40 South Carolina.... 41 South Dakota. 42 Tennessee... 43 Texas............................ 44 Utah......... 45 Vermont... 46 Virginia... Gen'l and Officers. id Comp. sioned. 154 187 1,361/ 2.148 7,247 9,395 113,279 129.674 (a) No organized militia. 16,004,683 Alaska has no militia, though provision is made for such if need arises. Guam and Samoa have each a small provisional force, used more for police purposes than for military. The Philippines have a constabulary force which can be used either for police or war purposes, provided the latter is on the islands. Porto Rico has a regiment of eight companies of infantry which is a part of the ariny. The enlisted men of this regiment are natives of Porto Rico. The reserve militia in the Southern States is assumed to include negroes capable of bearing arms. Cost of Maintaining Armies and Navies. The cost of the British Army, according to estimates for 1913-14. will amount to $224,300,000. The estimates for the Navy for 1913-14 are placed at $224, 140,000. The United States Army appropriations for 1913-14 amount to *94,266,145, not including the expenditure by the several States on their National Guard or the enormous sums paid for pensions to ex-volunteers. The Navy appropriations for 1913-14 amount to t$140, 800, 643. The estimated military expenditure of the German Empire in the budget for 1912-13 amounts to $183,090,000, excluding expenditures on Colonial troops. The German Naval estimates for 1913-14 amount to $111,300,000. The military budget of France for 1913 shows an estimated expenditure of 18191, 431, 580 for the military establishment. The Navy estimate for 1914 amounts to $119,571,400. Italy during 1913-14 expects to spend about $51,000,000 on her Navy, and about $82,928,000 on her Army. The military budget of Russia, ordinary and extraordinary, for 1913-14 calls for $317,800,000, and the Navy expenditures in 1913-14 will amount to about $122,500,000. The Army estimate of Austro-Hungary for 1913 was $82,300,000, and for the Navy $42,000,000. The military expenditure of Japan for 1913-14 will be about $49,000,000. The Navy estimates for 1913-14 amounts to $46,500, 000. This does not include cost of fortifications, Military Academy, etc., but only for the Army. This includes construction of ships, Naval Academy, Navy Yards, etc. Excluding cost of Colonial troops not serving in France. Army Pay Table. YEARLY PAY PROPER OF ARMY OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE UNITED STATES. a England. France. Germany. Russia. $14,000.00 t$5,760.00 $3,495.00 $1,272.00 $11,000.00 10,500.00 1,017.00 8,000.00 6,066.50 3.780.00 3,388.50 762.00 6,000.00 4,106.50 2,520.00 2,565.00 Colonel.......... Major.. First Lleutenant..... Sergeant... 4,000.00 to 5,000.00 3,500.00 to 4,500.00 3,000.00 to 4,000.00 2,400.00 to 3,360.00 2,000.00 to 2,800.00 1,700.00 to 2,380.00 540.00 to 828.00c 360.00 1,627.00 2,193,00 397.50 397.50 397.50 727.00 850.00 597.00 482.00 442.85 | 421.84 to 1,073.00 to 1,275.00 to 727.00 to 576.00 375.00 to 600.00 274.50 to 270.00 .......... 197.60 to 576.00c 83.40 252.00 Corporal. Private..... 37.80 5.48 to 468.00c 180.00 to 300.00cl AUSTRIA. Japan. Italy. Lieutenant-General. 2,803.00 2,500.00 2,400.00 4,545.00 $5,280.00 Major-General. 2,280.00 1,950.00 1,800.00 2.727.00 3,960.00 Brigadier-General. 1,818.00 2,640.00 1.400.00 Colonel..... to 1,540.00 1,454.00 1,584.00 1,040.00 Lleutenant-Colonel. 1.200.00 1,098.00 to 1,145.00 880.00 Major... 802.00 774.00 to 968.00 450.00 680.00 Captain. 600.00 636.00 to 630.00 to 800.00 528.00 276.00 First Lieutenant. 408.00 to 342.00 480.00 to 600.00 Second Lieutenant.. 336.00 240.00{ 11 78.00 to 118.00 46.80 Lieutenant-General is now the highest grade in the United On account of the difference of pay of the same d These figures give base pay or pay proper. grade under varying conditions It is practically impossible to give the exact amounts received in each grade without an extended discussion of the entire subject. proximely the correct average. с Pay Increased with each re-enlistment to the seventh. 30 years' service with 75 per cent. of pay and allowances. Commanding a regiment of Infantry. † Marshal. Major. The table gives, however, apEnlisted men may be retired on Sergeant General and Field Marshal. 420.00 384.00 369.60 272.00 IL 26.40 51.10 to 77.40 21.90 27.84 to 34.20 83.95 years' years' years' After 10 After 15 After 20 Service. Service. Service. 3,000 $3,300,00 $3,600 $3,750.00 $3,750 3,150 8,375.00 3.375 3,000 2,625 2,887.50 4,500 4,500 2,700 2,925,00 2,250 2,475.00 4,000 3,900 2,160 2,340.00 2,520 1,800 1,980.00 1,800 1,950.00 2,100 8,120 3,360 2,880 1,500 1,650.00 2,400 2,600 2,800 1,700 1,870 2,040 2,210 2,380 1,275 1,402.50 1,530 1,657.50 1,785 Does not include allowances for quarters, etc. Chaplains have the rank and pay of major, captain and first lieutenant, respectively, 472 Military Order of the Serpent. ARMY PAY TABLE-Continued. (a) Serviceincrease of pay of officers below rank of brigadier-general cannot exceed 40 p. c. in all. (The maximum pay of a colonel is $5,000, of a lieutenant-colonel $4,500, and of a major $4,000. Dental Surgeons have the rank and pay of first lieutenant. Acting Dental Surgeons receive $150 per month. Veterinary Surgeons receive the pay of second lieutenant with right to retirement. Army Pay Clerks receive from $1.125 to $2,000 per year with right to retirement. The pay of non-commissioned officers is from $21 to $99 per month, and of privates from $15 to $25 per month. Service outside the United States, except in Porto Rico, Panama and Hawaii, 10 per cent, additional for officers and 20 per cent. for enlisted men. The total amount appropriated by Congress for the United States Military establishment, including construction of fortifications, the Military Academy and $150,000 for automatic rifles, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, is $100.733.879, and for the naval establishment and stations, and including the Naval Academy, $140,800, 643. United States Military Academy at West Point. EACH Senator, Congressional District, and Territory, including Porto Rico, Alaska, and Hawail, is entitled to have one cadet at the Academy; the District of Columbia, two cadets. There are also forty appointments at large, specially conferred by the President of the United States. The law, however, provides that for six years, from July 1, 1910, whenever any cadet shall have finished three years of his course at the Academy his successor may be admitted Appointments are usually made one year in advance of date of admission, by the Secretary of War, upon the nomination of the Senator or Representative. These nominations may either be made after competitive examination or given direct, at the option of the Representative. The Representative may nominate two legally qualified second candidates, to be designated alternates. The alternates will receive from the War Department a letter of appointment, and will be examined with the regular appointee, and the better qualified will be admitted to the Academy in the event of thefailure of the principal to pass the prescribed preliminary examinations. Appointees to the Military Academy must be between seventeen and twenty-two years of age, free from any infirmity which may render them unfit for military service, and able to pass a careful examination in English grammar, English composition, English literature, algebra through quadratic equations, plane geometry, descriptive geography and the elements of physical geography, especially the geography of the United States, United States history, the outlines of general history. The Secretary of War is authorized to permit not exceeding four Filipinos, to be designated, one for each class, by the Philippine Commission, to receive instruction at the United States Military Academy at West Point; Provided, That the Filipinos undergoing instruction shall receive the same pay, allowances, and emoluments as are authorized by law for cadets at the Military Academy appointed from the United States, to be paid out of the same appropriations; And provided further, That said Filipinos undergoing instruction on graduation shall be eligible only to commissions in the Philippine Scouts. Serve for 8 years, unless sooner discharged. The course of instruction, which is quite thorough, requires four years, and is largely mathemati cal and professional. The principal subjects taught are mathematics, English, French, drawing, drill regulations of all arms of the service, natural and experimental philosophy,chemistry, chemical phys ics, mineralogy, geology, electricity, history, international, constitutional, and military law, Spanish, civil and military engineering, art and science of war, and ordnance and gunnery. About onefourth of those appointed usually fail to pass the preliminary examinations, and but little over one-balf the remainder are finally graduated. The discipline is very strict even more so than in the army-and the enforcement of penalties for offences is inflexible rather than severe. Academic duties begin September 1 and continue until June 4. Examinations are held in each December and June, and cadets found proficient in studies and correct in conduct are given the particular standing in their class to which their merits entitle them, while those cadets deficient in either conduct or studies are discharged. From about the middle of June to the end of August cadets live in camp, engaged only in military duties and receiving practical military instruction. Cadets are allowed but one leave of absence during the four years' course, and this is granted at the expiration of the first two years. The pay of a cadet is $709.50 per year, and, with proper economy, is sufficient for his support. The number of students at the Academy is usually about five hundred and fifty Upon graduating cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants in the United States Aby. The whole number of graduates from 1802 to 1913, inclusive, has been 5, 205. It is virtually absolutely necessary for a person seeking an appointment to apply to his Senator or Member of Congress, The appointments by the President are usually restricted to sons of officers of the army and navy, who, by reason of their shifting residence, due to the necessities of the service, find it next to impossible to obtain an appointment otherwise. The Superintendent is Colonel Clarence Page Townsley, Coast Artillery Corps, U. S. A., and the military and academic staff consists of 130 persons. Military Order of the Serpent. THE Military Order of the Serpent is a secret social organization founded upon facts and is of historical interest. "A corporation not for profit" founded at Cleveland, Ohio, January 1, 1904. by Fred Manning and Walter Scott MacAaron and incorporated under the laws of Ohio, August 6, 1907. It consists of the Supreme Lair of the United States and a number of Grand Lairs with Local Lairs owing alleglance to them. Having spread with great rapidity it now maintains flourishing Grand Lair organizations in the following States and Territories: Ohio, New York, Colorado, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, Missouri, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, WashIngton, Illinois, Vermont, California, Rhode Island, Wyoming and the Philippines. Its objects and purposes are: To maintain a secret social society to perpetuate the memories of the war with Spain, the incident struggle in the Philippines, the China Relief Expedition; for literary purposes connected with these wars, as well as to more firmly establish good fellowship among the comrades of the United Spanish War Veterans. No person not a member of that body In good standing is eligible to its membership. Supreme Lair Headquarters, Canton, Ohio. Supreme Gu Gu-Joseph A. Gossett, Canton, Ohlo. Supreme Thrice Infamous Inferior Gu Gu-Ira C. Kinney. Supreme Lord High Keeper of the Sacred Amphora-William H. Koontz, Canton, Ohio. New York headquarters, 172 East 108th Street. Grand Gu Gu-William C. Walde. Grand Thrice Infamous Inferior Gu Gu-Ernest S. Wertheim. The Insignia is a Filipino cross bearing the arms of the United States. (Report of 1912.) Chaplains in United States Army and Navy.* 473 With Rank of Major. Easterbrook, E. P., c. a. c., byterian, March 29, 1910. Rice, George D., 27 inf., Uni- O'Keefe, Timothy P., 13 cav., Headley, I. H. B., c. a. c., Protestant Episcopal, Sept. 22, 1912. With Rank of Captain. Marvine, Walter, c. a. c., Prot estant Episcopal, Dec. 6, 1890. Freeland, Chas. W., 6 cav., Prot estant Episcopal, July 18, '92. Springer, Ruter W., c. a. c., Methodist Episcopal, June 6, 1894. Prioleau, George W., ARMY. with the SECTION 12 of the act of February 2, 1901, provides "That the President is authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, chaplains in the army, at the rate of one for each regiment of cavalry and Infantry in the United States service, rank, pay and allowances of captains of infantry." By the act of June 12, 1906, one chaplain is authorized for the Corps of Engineers. By the act of January 25, 1907, fourteen chaplains are authorized for the Coast Artillery Corps, and one for each regiment of Field Artillery. By the act of April 21, 1904, the President may select from among the chaplains of not less than ten years' service, in the grade of captain, those who have been commended as worthy of special distinction for exceptional efficiency, and may, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, promote The remaining chaplains have the grade, pay such to be chaplains with the grade, pay and allowances of major: the number in active service so promoted shall not at any time exceed fifteen. and allowances of captain, mounted, after seven years' service. Chaplains appointed after April 21, 1904, have the grade, pay, and allowances of first lieutenant, mounted, until they shall * Revised October 20, 1913. P. R. Porto Rico. have completed seven years' service. † Appointed by Secretary of War for a period of four years at a time. NAME AND RANK. Present Duty or Station. Rank of Commander. Curtis Hoyt Dickins. Louis Paul Rennolds. Bower Reynolds Patrick Navy Yard, Norfolk. John Frank Fleming... California. Rank of Lt.- Commander. Eugene Ed. McDonald. Navy-Yard, New York. Present Duty or Station. Kansas. J. M. Francis McGinty. Sick Leave. G. E. Traver Stevenson. Naval Home, Philadel Station, San Francisco. son...... Vermont. |