THE WORLD ALMANAC FOR 1914. 29 THE astronomical calculations in this work were expressly made for it by Dr. J. Morrison, and are given in local Mean Time. Chronological Eràs. The year 1914 corresponds to the year 7422-23 of the Byzantine era, the year 7423 commencing on September 1; to 5674-75 of the Jewish era, the year 5675 commencing on September 21, or more correctly at sunset September 20; to 2667 since the foundation of Rome according to Varro; to 2690 of the Olympiads, or to the second year of the 673d Olympiad commencing July 1; to 2574 of the Japanese era, and to the second of the Taisei; to 1332-33 of the Mohammedan era, the year 1333 commencing on November 19. The 139th year of the Independence of the United States of America begins on July 4, 1914. Dominical Letter..................... Name. Chronological Cycles. D Lunar Cycle (Golden Number)15 | Roman Indiction Date of Beginning of Epochs, Eras, and Periods. Grecian Mundane Era...................................... Julian Period............ Mundane Era........... Jewish Mundane Era........... Era of Abraham... Era of the Olympiads..... Roman Era (A. U. C.). ................................ 12 ..6627 Grecian or Syro-Macedonian Era:.B.C, 312, Sept. 1 Era of Maccabees................ Tyrian Era..... 4713, Jan. 1 Sidonian Era... 1 Julian Year. 1 Spanish Era.... Began. 166, Nov.24 125, Oct. 19 "110, Oct. 1 " Augustan Era..... Vulgar Christian Era.... Destruction of Jerusalem....... The Seasons. 45, Jan. 1 38, Jan. 1 27, Feb. 14 A. D. 1, Jan. 1 69, Sept. 1 ** 622, July 16 THE Roman Catholic Days of fasting are the forty days of Lent, the Ember Days, the Fridays of the four weeks in Advent, and certain vigils or evenings prior to the greater feasts, while all Fridays of the year are days of abstinence from flesh meat. In the American Episcopal Church the days of fasting or abstinence to be observed, according to the Book of Common Prayer, are the forty days of Lent, the Ember Days, the three Rogation Days, and all the Fridays of the year except Christmas Day. In the Greek Church the four principal fasts are those in Lent, the week succeeding Whitsuntide, the fortnight before the Assumption, and forty days before Christmas. Ember and Rogation Days. EMBER and Rogation Days are certain periods of the year devoted to prayer and fasting. Ember Days (twelve annually) about the beginning of the four seasons, and are the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, in Spring; after the feast of Pentecost (Whit Sunday), Summer; after the festival of the Holy Cross, Autumn; and after the festival of St. Lucia, Winter. Ember Weeks are the weeks in which the Ember Days appear. Rogation Days occur on the Feast of St. Mark, April 25, and on the three days immediately preceding Ascension Day. Divisions of Time. THE interval between two consecutive transits of a fixed star over any meridian or the interval during which the earth makes one absolute revolution on its axis is called a Sidereal Day, and is invariable, while the interval between two consecutive transits of the Sun over any meridian is called an Apparent Solar Day, and its length varies from day to day by reason of the variable motion of the earth in its orbit and the inclination of this orbit to the equator on which time is measured, Mean Solar A Mean Solar Day is the average or mean of all the apparent solar days in a year, Time is that shown by a well-regulated clock or watch, while Apparent Solar Time is that shown by a well-constructed sun-dial; the difference between the two at any time is the Equation of Time, and may amount to 16 minutes and 21 seconds. The Astronomical Day begins at noon and the Civil Day at the preceding midnight. The Sidereal and Mean Solar Days are both invariable, but one day of the latter is equal to 1 day, 3 minutes, and 56, 555 seconds of the former. The interval during which the earth makes one absolute revolution round the Sun is called a Sidereal Year, and consists of 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.6 seconds, which is invariable. The Tropical Year is the interval between two consecutive returns of the Sun to the Vernal Equinox. If this were a fixed point, the Sidereal and Tropical Years would be identical; but in consequence of the disturbing influence of the Moon and planets on the spheroidal figure of the earth, the Equinox has a slow, retrograde mean motion of 50. 26 annually, so that the Sun returns to the Equinox sooner every year than he otherwise would by 20 minutes 23.6 seconds; the Tropical Year, therefore, consists of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds. The Tropical Year is not of uniform length; it is now slowly decreasing at the rate of, 595 second per century, but this variation will not always continue. Julius Caesar, in B. C. 45, was the first to reform the calendar by ordering that every year whose date number is exactly divisible by 4 contain 366 days, and all other years 365 days. The Intercalary day was introduced by counting the sixth day before the Kalends of March twice; hence the name bissextile, from bis, twice, and sex, six. He also changed the beginning of the year from 1st of March to the 1st of January, and also changed the name of the fifth month (Quintilis) to July, after himself. The average length of the Julian year is therefore 365 days, which, however, is too long by 11 minutes and 14 seconds, and this would accumulate in 400 years to about three days. The Julian Calendar continued in use until A. D. 1582, when the date of the beginning of the seasons occurred 10 days later than in B. C. 45, when this mode of reckoning time was introduced. The Gregorian Calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. with the view of keeping the Equinox to the same day of the month. It consists of 365 days, but every year exactly divisible by 4 and the centurial years which are exactly divisible by 400 contain 366 days; and if in addition to this arbitrary arrangement the centurial years exactly divisible by 4,000 contain 366 days, the error in the Gregorian system will amount to only one day in about 200 centuries. If, however, 31 leap years were intercalated in 128 years, instead of 32 as at present, the calendar would be practically exact and the error would not amount to more than a day in 100,000 years. The length of the mean Gregorian Year may therefore be set down at 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, 12 seconds. The Gregorian Calendar was introduced into England and her colonies in 1752, at which time the Equinox had retrograded 11 days since the Council of Nice in A, D. 325, when the festival of Easter was established and the Equinox occurred on March 21; hence September 3, 1752, was called September 14, and at the same time the commencement of the legal year was changed from March 25 to January 1, so that the year 1751 lost the months of January and February and the first 24 days of March. The difference between the Julian and Gregorian Calendars is now 13 days. Russia and the Greek Church still employ the Julian Calendar for civil and ecclesiastical purposes. Standard Time. PRIMARILY, for the convenience of the railroads, a standard of time was established by mutual agreement in 1883, by which trains are run and local time regulated. According to this system, the United States, extending from 65° to 1250 west longitude, is divided into four time sections, each of 150 of longitude, exactly equivalent to one hour, commencing with the 75th meridian. The first (eastern) section includes all territory between the Atlantic Coast and an irregular line drawn from Detroit to Charleston, S. C., the latter being its most southern point. The second (central) section includes all the territory between the last-named line and an irregular line from Bismarck, N. D., to the mouth of the Rio Grande. The third (mountain) section includes all territory between the lastnamed line and nearly the western borders of Idaho, Utah, and Arizona. The fourth (Pacific) section covers the rest of the country to the Pacific Coast. Standard time is uniform inside each of these sections, and the time of each section differs from that next to it by exactly one hour. Thus at 12 noon in New York City (eastern time), the time at Chicago (central time) is 11 o'clock A. M.; at Denver (mountain time), 10 o'clock A. M.. and at San Francisco (Pacific time), 9 o'clock A. M. Standard time is 16 minutes slower at Boston than true local time, 4 minutes slower at New York, 8 minutes faster at Washington, 19 minutes faster at Charleston, 28 minutes slower at Detroit, 18 minutes faster at Kansas City, 10 minutes slower at Chicago, 1 minute faster at St. Louis, 28 minutes faster at Salt Lake City, and 10 minutes faster at San Francisco, Easter Sunday. Table of Bays Between Two Dates. 31 ATABLE OF THE NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN ANY TWO DAYS WITHIN TWO YEARS. 3814868 Day Mo. 60 5 91 121 152 182 213 244 274 305 335 366 397 425 456 486 517 547 578 609 639 670 700 61 92 122 153 183 214 245 275 306 336 2 367 398 426 457 487 518 548 579 610 640 671 701 62 93 123 154 184 215 246 276 307 337 3 368 399 427 458 488 519 549 580 611 641 672 702 63 94 124 155 185 216 247 277 308 338 4 369 400 428 459 489 520 550 581 612 642 673 703 36 64 95 125 156 186 217 248 278 309 339 5 370 401 429 460 490 521 551 582 613 643 674 704 37 65 96 126 157 187 218 249 279 310 340 6 371 402 430 461 491 522 552 583 614 644 675 705 38 66 97 127 158 188 219 250 280 311 341 7372 403 431 462 492 523 553 584 615 645 676 706 8 39 67 98 128 159 189 220 251 281 312 342 8 373 404 432 463 493 524 554 585 616 646 677 707 9 9 40 68 99 129 160 190 221 252 282 313 343 9 374 405 433 464 494 525 555 586 617 647 678 708 10 10 11 69 100 130 161 191 222 253 283 314 344 10 375 406 434 465 495 526 556 587 618 648 679 709 11 11 42 70 101 131 162 192 223 254 284 315 345 11 376 407 435 466 496 527 557 588 619 649 680 710 12 12 43 71 102 132 163 193 224 255 285 316 346 12 377 408 436 467 497 528 558 589 620 650 681 711 13 13 14 72 103 133 164 194 225 256 286 317 347 13 378 409 437 468 498 529 559 590 621 651 682 712 14 14 45 73 104 134 165 195 226 257 287 318 348 14 379 410 138 469 499 530 560 591 622 652 683 713 15 15 46 74 105 135 166 196 227 258 288 319 349 15 380 411 439 470 500 531 561 592 623 653 684 714 16 16 47 75 106 136 167 197 228 259 289 320 350 16 381 412 440 471 501 532 562 593 624 654 685 715 17 17 48 76 107 137 168 198 299 260 290 321 351 17 382 413 441 472 502 533 563 594 325 655 686 716 18 18 49 77 108 138 169 199 230 261 291 322 352 18 383 414 442 478 503 534 564 595 626 656 687 717 19 19 50 78 109 139 170 200 231 262 292 323 353 19 384 415 443 474 504 535 565 596 627 657 688 718 20 20 51 79 110 140 171 201 232 263 293 324 354 20 385 416 444 475 505 536 566 597 628 658 589 719 21 21 52 80 111 141 172 202 233 264 294 325 355 21 386 417 445 476 506 537 567 598 629 659 690 720 22 22 53 81 112 142 173 203 234 265 295 326 356 22 387 418 446 477 507 538 568 599 630 660 691 721 23 23 54 82 113 143 174 204 235 266 296 327 357 23 388 419 447 478 508 539 569 600 631 661 692 722 24 24 55 83 114 144 175 205 236 267 297 328 358 24 389 420 448 479 509 540 570 601 632 662 693 723 25 25 56 84 115 145 176 206 237 268 298 329 359 25 390 421 449 480 510 541 571 602 633 663 694 724 26 26 57 85 116 146 177 207 238 269 299 330 360 26 391 422 450 481 511 542 572 603 634 664 695 725 27 27 58 86 117 147 178 208 239 270 300 331 361 27 392 423 451 482 512 543 573 604 635 665 696 726 28 28 59 87 118 148 179 209 240 271 301 332 362 28 393 424 452 483 513 544 574 605 636 666 697 727 29 29 88 119 149 180 210 241 272 302 333 363 29 394 453 484 514 545 575 606 637 667 698 728 30 30 89 120 150 181 211 242 273 303 334 364 30 395 454 485 515 546 576 607 638 658 699 729 311 31 90 151 212 243 304 365 31 396 455 516.... 577) 608 669 730 .... The above table applies to ordinary years only. For leap year, one day must be added to each number of days after February 28. EXAMPLE-To find the number of days between June 3, 1900, and February 16, 1901: The figures opposite the third day in the first June column are 154; those opposite the sixteenth day in the second February column are 412. Subtract the first from the second product-i. e., 154 from 412, and the result is 258, the number of days between the two dates. Easter Sunday. A TABLE SHOWING THE DATE OF EASTER SUNDAY IN EACH YEAR OF THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES. 1801-April 5. 1835-April 19. | 1869-Mar. 28. 1902-Mar. 30. 1802-April 18. 1836-April 3. 1870-April 17, 1903-April 12. 1803-April 10. 1837-Mar. 26. 1871-April 9, 1904-April 3. 1804-April 1. 1838-April 15. 1872-Mar. 31. 1905-April 23. 1805-April 14 1839-Mar. 31, 1873-April 13. 1906-April 15. 1806-April 6. 1840-April 19. 1874-April 5. 1907-Mar. 31. 1807-Mar. 29. 1841-April 11. 1875-Mar. 28. 1908-April 19. 1808-April 17. 1842-Mar. 27. 1876-April 16. 1909-April 11. 1809-April 2. 1843-April 16. 1877-April 1. 1910-Mar. 27. 1810-April 22. 1844-April 7. 1878-April 21. 1911-April 16. 1811-April 14, 1845-Mar. 23. 1879-April 13.1912-April 7. 1812-Mar. 29. 1846-April 12, 1880-Mar. 28. 1913-Mar. 23. 1813-April 18. 1847-April 4, 1881-April 17. 1914-April 12. 1814-April 10. 1848-April 23. 1882-April 9. 1915-April 4. 1815-Mar. 26. 1849-April 8. 1883-Mar. 25. 1916-April 23. 1816-April 14. 1850-Mar. 31. 1884-April 13. 1917-April 8. 1817-April 6. 1851-April 20. 1885-April 5. 1918-Mar. 31. 1818-Mar. 22. 1852-April 11, 1886-April 25. 1919-April 20. 1819-April 11. 1853-Mar. 27. 1887-April 10. 1920-April 4. 1820-April 2. 1854-April 16. 1888-April 1, 1921-Mar. 27. 1821-April 22. 1855-April 8. 1889-April 21. 1922-April 16. 1822-April 7. 1856-Mar. 23. 1890-April 6. 1923-April 1. 1823-Mar. 30. 1857-April 12. 1891-Mar. 29. 1924-April 20. 1824-April 18 1858-April 4. 1892-April 17. 1925-April 12. 1825-April 3. 1859-April 24. 1893-April 2. 1926-April 4. 1826-Mar. 26. 1860-April 8. 1894-Mar. 25. 1927-April 17. 1827-April 15. 1861-Mar. 31. 1895-April 14. 1928-April 8. 1828-April 6. 1862-April 20. 1896-April 5, 1929-Mar. 31. 1829-April 19. 1863-April 5. 1897-April 18. 1930-April 20. 1830-April 11. 1864-Mar. 27. 1898-April 10, 1931-April 5. 1831-April 3. 1865-April 16. 1899-April 2. 1932-Mar. 27. 1832-April 22, 1866-April 1, 1900-April 15 1933-April 16. 1833-April 7. 1867-April 21. 1901-April 7. 1934-April 1. 1834-Mar, 30, 1868-April 12, 1935-April 21. 1968-April 14. 1969-April 6. 1970-Mar. 29. 1938-April 17. 1971-April 11. 1939-April 9, 1972-April 2. 1940-Mar. 24. 1973-April 22. 1941-April 13. 1974-April 14. 1942-April 5. 1975-Mar. 30. 1943-April 25. 1976-April 18. 1944-April 9. 1977-April 10. 1945-April 1. 1978-Mar. 26. 1979-April 15. 1947-April 6. 1980-April 6. 1948-Mar. 28. 1981-April 19. 1949-April 17. 1982-April 11, 1950-April 9. 1983-April 3. 1951-Mar. 25. 1984-April 22, 1952-April 13. 1985-April 7. 1953-April 6. 1986-Mar. 30 1987-April 19. 1988-April 3, 1989-Mar. 26. 1990-April 15. 1991-Mar. 31 32 Legal Holidays in the Various States. JANUARY 1. NEW YEAR'S DAY: In all States (including District of Columbia, Porto Rico and Alaska), except Arkansas and Massachusetts. (In Maine a bank holiday only legally). JANUARY 8. ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS: In Louisiana. JANUARY 19. LEE'S BIRTHDAY: In Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi and Arkansas. FEBRUARY. MARDI-GRAS: In the parish of Orleans, Louisiana. FEBRUARY 12. GEORGIA DAY: In Georgia. FEBRUARY 12. LINCOLN'S BIRTHDAY: In California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia and Wyoming. FEBRUARY 22, WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY: In all the States, District of Columbia, Porto Rico and Alaska. FEBRUARY 24,1914. MARDI-GRAS DAY, SHROVE TUESDAY: In Alabama and Florida (in counties having a carnival). MARCH. First Wednesday prior to Spring elec tion at which Circuit Judges are elected and in counties and cities where offices are filled at Spring election in Michigan. MARCH (Third Tuesday). PRIMARY ELECTION DAY: (every Presidential year) in North Dakota. MARCH 2. ANNIVERSARY OF TEXAN INDEPENDENCE: In Texas. MARCH 4. INAUGURATION DAY: In District of Columbia in years when a President of the U. S. is inaugurated. MARCH 22. EMANCIPATION DAY: In Porto Rico. APRIL (First Monday in 1916 and every four years thereafter). PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY: In Michigan. APRIL 10, 1914. GOOD FRIDAY: In Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Porto Rico, Tennessee. APRIL 12. HALIFAX INDEPENDENCE RESOLUTIONS: In North Carolina. APRIL 13. THOMAS JEFFERSON'S BIRTHDAY: In Alabama. APRIL 19. Massachusetts. APRIL 21. SEPTEMBER 7, 1914. LABOR DAY: In all the States (and District of Columbia and Alaska). In Louisiana, observed in Orleans Parish. SEPTEMBER. PRIMARY ELECTION DAY: In Wisconsin, First Tuesday. In Oregon, even years. SEPTEMBER (Third Saturday). REGATTA DAY: In Territory of Hawaii. SEPTEMBER 9. ADMISSION DAY: In California, SEPTEMBER 12. OLD DEFENDERS' DAY": In Baltimore, Md. SEPTEMBER (Second Monday). ELECTION DAY: In Arkansas, Maine. OCTOBER 12. COLUMBUS DAY: In Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, souri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New HampMaine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mis shire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington. OCTOBER 18. ALASKA DAY. In Alaska. OCTOBER 31. ADMISSION DAY: In Nevada, NOVEMBER1. ALL SAINTS' DAY: In Louisiana. NOVEMBER (first Friday), PIONEER DAY: In Montana, observed in public schools. NOVEMBER 3. GENERAL ELECTION DAY: In Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, sota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New HampLouisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minneshire, New Jersey. New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, (from 5.30 A.M. to 9 A. M. only), Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, (biennially in even years) South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming, in the years when elections are held therein. In 1914 in States holding such elections the date is November 3. NOVEMBER 26, 1914. THANKSGIVING DAY (usually the last Thursday in November): Is observed in all the States, and in the District of Columbia, Porto Rico and Alaska, though in some States it is not a statutory holiday. DECEMBER 25. CHRISTMAS DAY: In all the States and District of Columbia, Porto Rico and PATRIOTS' DAY: In Maine and Alaska. ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO: In Texas. APRIL 26. CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL DAY: In but by common consent the Fourth of July, Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Mississippi. MAY 10. CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL DAY: In North Carolina and South Carolina. MAY (Second Friday). CONFEDERATE DAY: In Tennessee. MAY 20. ANNIVERSARY OF THE SIGNING OF THE MECKLENBURG DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: In North Carolina, MAY 30. DECORATION DAY: In all the States (and District of Columbia, Porto Rico and Alaska), except Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas. JUNE 3. JEFFERSON DAVIS'S BIRTHDAY: In Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas and South Carolina. In Louisiana, known as Confederate Memorial Day." In Virginia, in public schools. JUNE 11. KAMEHAMEHA DAY: In Ter. Hawaii, JUNE 15. PIONEER DAY: In Idaho. JUNE (Last Wednesday). PRIMARY ELECTION DAY: In North Dakota. JULY 4. INDEPENDENCE DAY: In all the States, and District of Columbia, Porto Rico and Alaska. JULY 10. ADMISSION DAY: In Wyoming. JULY 24. PIONEERS' DAY: In Utah. JULY 25. LANDING OF AMERICAN TROOPS: Porto Rico. JULY (Fourth Saturday). PRIMARY ELECTION DAY: In Texas. Sundays and Fast Days are legal holidays in all the States which designate them as such. There are no statutory holidays in Mississippi, Thanksgiving and Christmas are observed. In New Mexico, Washington's Birthday, Decoration Day, Labor Day, Flag Day (June 14) and Arbor Day are holidays when so designated by the Governor. In South Carolina, Thursday of Fair Week is a legal holiday. ARBOR DAY is a legal holiday in many States, although in some it is observed as designated by the Governor. holiday in California in public offices, Illinois (in Every Saturday after 12 o'clock noon is a legal cities of 200,000 or more inhabitants), Maryland, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, the District of Columbia (for banking purposes), and in New Orleans, La., and Charleston, S. C.; in Louisiana in all cities exceeding 10,000 inhabitants; in Missouri in cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants; in Tennessee, for State and county officers, and in Colorado during June, July and August; in Indiana, first Saturday in June to last Saturday in October, inclusive, for all public offices in counties having a county-seat of 100,000 population or more; in New Hampshire in State offices. There is no national holiday, not even the Fourth of July. Congress has at various times appointed special holidays. In the second session of the Fifty-third Congress it passed an act making Labor Day a public holiday in the District of Columbia, and it has recognized the existence of certain days as holidays for commercial purposes, but, with the exception named, there is no general statute on the subject. The proclamation AUGUST 1. COLORADO DAY: In Colorado. of the President designating a day of Thanksgiv AUGUST 16, BENNINGTON BATTLE DAY: In ing only makes it a legal holiday in the District Vermont. AUGUST. PRIMARY ELECTION DAY: In Missouri. In Michigan (last Tuesday in August preceding every general November election). of Columbia and the Territories. Paris. STANDARD TIME IN THE UNITED STATES St. Petersburg Vienna... Yokohama. Russia 7.01 P. M. 8.01 P M. 9.01 P. M. 7.06 P.M. 8.06 P. M. 10.01 P. M. 2.01 P. M. 12.41 P. M. 1.03 P.M. 1.52 P. M. 12.57 P. M. 5.19 A. M.* 9.19 P. M. 9.09 P. M. At places marked the time noted is in the morning of the FOLLOWING day. (a) EASTERN" includes: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Norfolk, Charleston, Buf falo, Pittsburgh, Montreal, Quebec, Ottawa, Toronto, etc. (b) "CENTRAL" includes: Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolls, St. Paul, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, New Orleans, Memphis, Savannah, Pensacola, Winnipeg, etc. (c) "MOUNTAIN" includes: Denver, Leadville, Colorado Springs, Helena, Regina (N W. T.), etc. (d)" PACIFIC" includes; San Francisco, Portland (Oregon), Victoria, Vancouver, Tacoma, Seattle, etc. Old English Holidays. SEPTEMBER 29. THESE holidays, with their names, had their origin in medieval England when the State religion was that of the Church of Rome, and they are still JANUARY 6. TWELFTH DAY, or Twelfth-tide, sometimes called Old Christmas Day, the same as Epiphany. The previous evening is Twelfth Night, with which many social rites have long been connected. FEBRUARY 2. CANDLEMAS: Festival of the Purification of the Virgin. Consecration of the lighted candles to be used in the church during the year. FEBRUARY 14. OLD CANDLEMAS: St. Valentine's Day. MARCH 25. LADY DAY: Annunciation of the Virgin. April 6 is old Lady Day. JUNE 24. MIDSUMMER DAY: Feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist. July 7 is old Midsummer Day. JULY 15. ST. SWITHIN'S DAY. There was an old superstition that if rain fell on this day it would continue forty days. AUGUST 1. LAMMAS DAY: Originally in England the festival of the wheat harvest. In the Church the festival of St. Peter's Old Lammas Day is miraculous deliverance from prison. August 13. MICHAELMAS: Feast of St. Michael, the observed generally or in some parts of Britain. NOVEMBER 1. ALL-HALLOWMAS: All hallows, or All Saints' Archaugel. Old Michaelmas is October 11. Day. The previous evening is All hallow-e'en, observed by home gatherings and old-time festive rites. NOVEMBER 2. ALL SOULS' DAY: Day of prayer for the souls of the dead. NOVEMBER 11. MARTINMAS: Feast of St. Martin. Old Martinmas is November 23. DECEMBER 28. CHILDERMAS: Holy Innocents' Day. Shrove Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday, and Maundy presents, The Magnetic Poles. THE geographical poles of the earth are the extremities of the imaginary line passing through its centre of gravity and about which it revolves, and are therefore symmetrically located with regard to the equator. The magnetic poles, however, are not coincident with the geographical poles, nor are Prior to the recent attempt of Amundsen to they diametrically opposite to each other. determine the north magnetic pole, the only other was by Capt. James Ross in June, 1831, The result of who found the dip of the magnetic needle to be 89° 59' 5. in latitude 70° 5.2 N. and which is in King William Land, Canada. longitude 96° 45' .8 W., Amundsen's observations has not yet been published by the Norwegian authorities. The position of the south magnetic pole has been located in latitude 72° 23' S. and longitude 154 E.. by Prof. Edward David and Mr. Douglas Marson, members of Lieut. Shackleton's expedition to the South Pole, which left New Zealand on January 1. 1908. By reason of the annual variation of the magnetic needle, it is believed that the magnetic poles are not stationary, but have a slow motion around the geographical poles, The subject is shrouded in mystery and constitutes one of the many as yet unsolved problems in terrestrial physics. |