Hibernian, who captured an entire regiment by sur- | who made an energetic speech against the "état de rounding it; and he has besides involved himself lately siége," which was ever and anon interrupted by differin difficulties, having been arrested on account of a visit ent exclamations, some laudatory, as “très bien! très he paid to the duchess of Berri, for a praiseworthy pur-bien !"-others of a very opposite character. Twice pose indeed-that of endeavoring to induce her to re- the latter increased to such a pitch, and created so great tire from France-but which was not sufficient in the a confusion, that the president was obliged, besides eyes of the government to counterbalance the crime of ringing his bell in no gentle manner, to speak to the secretly communicating with "Donna Quixote." Besides noisy gentry in a sufficiently sharp tone. Mr. M. was the parties I have mentioned, there is yet another in the followed by the minister of war, the famous Soult, who chamber, of considerable numbers and talent-the began to read in a low tone a discourse which he had "parti-Dupin," as it is called, from being entirely under prepared. He was listened to in uninterrupted silence, the control of the individual who has just been raised until becoming tired to death, and seeing no prospect of to the presidential chair. This person, from all ac- his soon concluding, from the quantity of leaves he had counts, must be the ablest man in the house, but he yet to turn over, I made my exit. I could not discern wants that species of influence, which is by far the most distinctly the features of the orators, but the whole apvaluable and durable-the influence resulting from un-pearance of the great maréchal struck me as any thing suspected integrity of conduct and purity of motive. He is said to be devoured by ambition, and not to be particularly scrupulous as to the means employed for its gratification. The part he has been playing in the political world, is one which renders it very easy to say what he is not, but very difficult to say what he is. He has never enrolled himself in any particular party, and, consequently, while the ministerial papers claim his recent election as a ministerial triumph, the opposition strenuously deny that it is so to be regarded. There seems to be little doubt, however, that he will throw his weight into the scale of the ministry, in which case their majority will be irresistible.

November 30th.

but military. He was plainly dressed, seemed to bear strong marks of age, and in manner was subdued to tameness. If he had ever bored his army with his eloquence as much as he did his audience, beyond all question it would have taken to flight before any sign of battle had appeared. M. Mérilhon appeared to be about 45 or 50 years old, with a pleasing countenance, and M. Dupin about the same age, with a hard, illfavored visage. I must confess the whole affair seemed to me more like a theatrical exhibition, than a legislative discussion. The mounting into the tribune, espe cially with written speeches, gave to the speakers so much the appearance of an endeavor to "show off," as to take away, in great part, that aspect of earnest reality which is worn by the English parliament and the American congress. The practice of interrupting the speakers is also incompatible with any thing like dignity, and frequently gives rise to such ridiculous scenes as to render the séance a perfect farce.

December 3d.

At one o'clock this morning I repaired to the chamber of deputies, and obtained admission into the "Tribune des Conseillers," by means of a medal which had been lent to me by a member of that body. The hall is a beautiful one, in the shape of a semi-circle, the president's fauteuil being placed on an elevation raised on the diameter side. Immediately under it is the tribune, In the evening I went to the French opera, where the into which the deputies ascend when about to speak. new opera-ballet of "La Tentation," the second act of The seats rise one above the other, and are furnished Guillaume Tell, and the ballet of Nathalie, were perwith ledges on which the members can write. They formed. The first presented a striking evidence of the occupy the whole enceinte, there being no lobby as in depraved taste of the French for unhallowed exhibiour house of representatives. The galleries are divided tions, and of their utter recklessness with regard to into different "tribunes," appropriated to different every thing sacred. The most awful mysteries of reliclasses of persons. That of the counsellors is the se-gion are employed by the play and opera-wrights, to cond on the right, next to that of the corps diplomati-attract the multitude, which is here really deserving of que. When I arrived, M. Dupin was in his seat; but the epithet "profanum vulgus;" the other world is nothing of interest had commenced. The members ransacked for materials, and its most fearful secrets are were conversing together in all parts of the chamber, dragged before the public gaze. Religion, in fact, seems without heeding either the president's bell, or the cries here to be considered in no other light than as a means of "silence! silence!" uttered by a person stationed of amusement, and whilst its mysteries are applauded behind his chair, apparently for the purpose, who cer-upon the stage, they are laughed to scorn in the church. tainly has no sinecure. After a long paper had been There does not appear to be the slightest feeling of it read by the minister of finances, M. d'Argont-a de- in the community at large; if any of the shops are shut cent looking man of middle age-and some slight speechi- on Sunday, it is, for the most part, because their ownfication on comparatively unimportant matters had ers desire a holiday, but the great majority of them retaken place, the discussion of the address began; but I main open; the chamber of deputies often holds séance will not attempt to give an account of it, for the very on the Sabbath, and if it were to attempt to appoint a good reason that I heard little or nothing of it. Al-chaplain to say prayers before its sittings as in congress, though in one of the best situations in the house, I it would be ridiculed as an assemblage of miserable could scarcely catch a word of what was said, owing, "imbéciles." The tri-color flag waves above the cross, partly, to my not being accustomed to hear the French and it is that which is the object of the Frenchman's language declaimed, partly to the noise, and partly, adoration. How can France ever expect tranquillity doubtless, to the construction of the hall. The first and prosperity, when the only sure principle of publie person who ascended the tribune, was M. Mérilhon, order is a matter of contempt, and the aid of the Su

I have been so busily occupied since I set out from Paris, that I have scarce been able to snatch a moment to record my proceedings. This I shall now proceed to do, without indulging previously in any of those fine Of Florence I shall not speak, not even of the Venus flights into which the eternal city naturally tempts one di Medici, as we remained there but a few days, just to soar, on beholding it for the first time. What my long enough to catch an idea of what it contains, and feelings were on arriving here, may be more easily it is my purpose to stay there on returning, at least a imagined than described. From Paris we went to month. I would not, indeed, have stopped at all, as the Lyons, from Lyons to Marseilles, thence to Cannes, weather was very cold and disagreeable, and I was where we were obliged to quarantine for a day, and anxious to get settled in winter quarters at Rome, had thence to Nice, where we remained long enough to have it not been for my companions, who are making a flying an idea of the place, which boasts no other attraction visit, and intend to return by another route; and if I than its situation and its climate. If the latter is always had left them, and proceeded with a vetturino, I should as delicious as it was on the day of our sojourn, nothing have gained no time, as I would have been five days on that can be said about it would be exaggeration. I the road, whereas by posting, it only took us two. At

this season of the year, nothing can be more tedious | press the rest of Greece for ten thousand years to come, and uncomfortable than travelling in a vettura. The he would never have presumed to set his foot on our velturini only journey while it is light, at a pace which a snail might easily beat, as they never change horses; and in whatever miserable hole they choose to thrust you for the night, there you must stay. In summer, of course, when the days are long and the weather warm, it can get along very well.

SPEECH OF MAVROMICHALIS.

TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK.

In 1822, Keriulos Mavromichalis was killed in his attempt to

mountains, or lay his impious hand on our sacred liberties. But this happiness was embittered, not because we were compelled to watch constantly for its preservation, nor because we were obliged to undergo so many privations and dangers, but because we were sensible that our brothers who inhabited the plains could not partake with us in the enjoyment of liberty. These, unable to endure the Turkish yoke, and envying (what can be more enviable than liberty!) the Spartans and some islanders, who, as I have said, enjoyed a shadow of freedom, rose to a man and resolved to shake off the bondage. This was an undertaking

far above their strength, and was then looked upon by all as a mad and wild movement. Could we, in such an unequal contest, remain quiet, or look with calmness upon the destruction of our brothers? Under such circumstances, the old desire of freeing ourselves even from the suspicion of losing our liberties, was kindled again. Forgetting the perfidy of Orloff, and the attending misfortunes, whose bloody marks still rest in our memories, we volunteered and joined our brothers, and have achieved, gentlemen, what you have seen and heard. Why do I say you have seen? None of the three brothers, who have succeeded the Sultan in Greece, has witnessed our triumphs. None-because one of them was then in the frozen regions of Nebu; he was then forging chains for the Hutians, as he has now forged them for the rest of the Greeks. Impious wretch! [Order, said the judge; temper your language, Mavromichalis. The President has been invited and elected by the Greeks.]

The following speech, taken from a work entitled "Greek Miscellanies," and edited by Messrs. F. Turnorraki and C. Th. Kalli, was uttered at Napoli di Romania, by the well known Petrom Bey Mavromichalis. The Spartan chieftain is one of the few who joined the cause of Grecian independence, and whose course has been marked by disinterested patriotism. He is one, of whom it may be justly said, that he has laid on the altar of liberty a "perfect heccatomb." At the commencement of the Greek Revolution he was surrounded by a family of heroes; at present he is all alone: he is the only standing pillar of a fallen temple. In 1821, Constantine Mavromichalis fell before Modon. relieve the brave Suliotes. In 1825, Joanes Mavromichalis fell in the defence of Navarino. These misfortunes came in close succession, and each heavier than the former, but none was found sufficient either to damp the ardor, or quench the patriotism of the Spartan chieftain. In battle-field, or in the senate-hall, he was always the foremost. During the administration of Capo D'Istrias, Mavromichalis was appointed Secretary of war: but as soon as the plans of the former began to develop themselves, the latter abandoned his duties and repaired to Limeni, the place of his residence. The chief magistrate apprised of this, and finding that the Secretary had left the city in violation of a law, requiring that no person should leave the place without the permis. sion of the government, despatched a man of war to Limeni, and arrested the Spartan chief. Mavromichalis was brought to Napoli, and without much ceremony was confined in the citadel. This act of violence offered to a man of such worth and fame, aroused the indignation of the Greeks, and compelled Capo D'Istrias to bring the matter to an amicable understanding. He requested the Secretary to come down and resume his duties, provided he would abide by some trifling demands. Mavromichalis, unwilling to cast upon himself the least suspicion of guilt, refused to accept the offer. He remarked, that should he by mistake happen to go out of the walls without permission, he would then be sent to the citadel, and as he was old and somewhat lame, he wished to avoid the difficulty of climbing up the steep rock of Palamidi. Capo D'Istrias was now forced to take active measures, and defend his actions by the broad shield of the law. Mavromichalis was arraigned before the tribunal of justice, to answer why he left Napoli, and wherefore he fled to Limeni. In entering the court, Mavromichalis found Biaros, the brother of Capo D'Istrias, occupying the bench of chief justice.jected to the knife of circumcision—and the triumviri, This fact, added to the importance which attended the occasion, called forth an effort which bestows upon the hero the lasting

honors of an orator.

Since you are, or pretend to be, ignorant of the cause of my departure, I will attempt to acquaint you with it as briefly as possible. While, in general, Greece was groaning under the bondage of Turkey and the dictates of an absolute and arbitrary despot, some cities and provinces enjoyed a virtual independence—that is, they had a sort of representative government. In particular, Sparta, my own country, was almost independent; and she owed her freedom, not indeed to the goodness or generosity of the Turk, but to her own local situation and to the bravery of her own inhabitants. Were it possible-heaven forbid it !-for the grand Turk to op

Pardon me, sir, (resumed Mavromichalis, still disturbed,) the Spartans, when agitated, resemble the restless element; their tongue foams long after the blast of their passion has abated its fury. You will surely pardon the improper word that has escaped my lips. These are the lessons which we have imbibed from the Turks. They are ignorant of propriety. Our children require better instructors than those we had— or than these we have. [To the point, said the judge again.]

When, therefore, a handful of men-a few pigmieswere contending with myriads of Turks, and with their giant, the Sultan, the triumvirs were enjoying themselves and luxuriating, the one at Nebu, and the others at Mandock. Our fields were plundered-our cities were razed-our children and brothers were butchered; those that escaped the knife, the scimitar, were sub

where were they? Why have we made these sacrifices? Did we offer these precious heccatombs that we might appease the gods to change our Sultan, as he changes his pashaws? Did we heap on the altar of liberty all our rich offerings, that the gods might send us, instead of a Turk, a baptized Sultan, not wearing a turban, but girt with embroidery and scarlet ribands? They were made for no such purpose. They were made, gentlemen, that the blessings of a representative government might be extended to all. They were made that we might ensure and perfect the existing laws and constitution.

*Triumvirs. Alluding to Count Capo D'Istrias and his bro

thers.

Capo D'Istrias was dressed in his Russian uniform when he took the oath of President.

ment.

narchies have acknowledged their present government! In this very communication he adds, that "the European powers (the French and English cabinets of course) desire that the present state of things in Greece should continue, and that the peace of the country should not be disturbed." Do the friends and benefactors of Greece desire that we should remain quiet and silent as the grave? Do they desire to see us governed in a different manner than they are? Do they wish to see us guided by the iron hand of tyranny? Have they given orders to Capo D'Istrias to interrupt our free communication with the European cabinets? Have they requested him to put it beyond our power to tell them, even from afar, whether we do or do not prosper ? Have they, I say, commanded him to shut our mouths; to fetter the press, and thus shackle our free motions? He adds, in the same message, that "he is authorized to do with the Greeks as he pleases,” and, to convince us of the validity of his transcendant authority, he refers us to "the well known transactions of the London Conference." Out upon the impudent calumniator! Has it ever been communicated officially to the Greeks that they are the serfs of Capo D'Istrias, or that he has the power to sell or retain them at pleasure? He has put it in his will: Greece, his villa, with all her inhabitants, is to descend, at his exit, to his family. The Greeks made the election; the European cabinets

To carry this great purpose into execution we invited | French-he disapproves, I say, their great, glorious, and Capo D'Istrias. To this end he swore before God, wonderful three days' revolution-a revolution combefore the Greeks, and before the nations of Europe. menced and finished in the short space of three days, by Has he preserved his oath inviolate? Shortly after children, women, and girls. And when does he presume to his coming into Greece, forgetting his duties to himself abuse a nation that has long manifested towards us its good and his country, he violated his oath in open day-wishes and prompt services? After all the despotic motrampled upon our constitution, and concentrated in his own person the three distinct powers of our governHe appropriated to himself the legislative, the judiciary, and the executive departments. When he saw that this was too heavy a load for himself, he then invited others to assist him. And whom did he invite? His own brothers—and characters not only malignant, but persons who had never been initiated into the mysteries of a government based on equality-a system well calculated to ensure happiness to all who have been fortunate enough to be possessed of it, and to move under its influence. He invited coadjutors, as implacable enemies to Greece as they were friends to Ibrahim. He called assistants, who, devoted to the cause of Turkey, have jeoparded more than once the true interests of Greece. From the union of the three powers into one, what evils have not sprung? The light of a free press has been extinguished! And why? That he may work his iniquities in the dark, beyond the scrutiny of the Greeks and the Europeans. Thieves and robbers go a hunting by night, and enter into the stall through any place but the door. Yes, the free press is the only faithful and manly guardian of civil and republican communities. Without this the sheep are in danger of being torn in pieces by wolves, wrapped in the flowing dress of senators, or judges, or in the purple of kings. Who does not know that the public schools are shut; that private letters are opened; that books are not al-approved of the measure. Capo D'Istrias was invited lowed to enter our country; that ancient MS. S. are taken to come and preside over the destinies of our country; from the monasteries; that statues, the works of Phy- he was not called to render us the property of St. dias and Praxiteles, are stolen and sold to other nations? Marck, or St. Kamskatka. Woe to the wretch who In short, who does not know-who does not see the would presume to assert that the old and rotten feudal abuse of the public treasures? In the space of eight system is unfit for the Greeks-that they cannot unyears, during the continuance of war, a period when derstand its principles-that it is an old and tattered the Greeks were in want of armies, of a navy, of fire-habit-worthless as it is unfit for Greece! ships, of provisions, and of all the manifold necessaries of war, the public expenses could scarcely amount to forty millions of piastres. But now, in time of peace, and in the short space of twenty-five months, he has expended, according to his own accounts, "for the navy and army, 38,474,214." Compare the number of the soldiers we have now with those we had eight years ago. Count all the ships we have to-day, and set the number opposite those we had in past years. Recollect that they were ever on the wing, amid the echoes of victorious war, without the wonderful supervision of our wonderful master. Do not forget that eight years are more than twenty-five months-and you will then be convinced whether I and my family friends are those "who have defrauded the public of its treasures," as he has accused and slandered me before my fellow-citizens, in the infamous libel of the 18th of January, *an article, composed and directed against me with the true jesuitical spirit. In this the "Effendee" disapproves, with no common impudence, through the press, before the French army, in the Peloponnesus, before their tri-color, and before thirty-two millions of He alludes, I suppose, to the Government Gazette. Effendee. A gentlemanly Turk.

But let me return to his accounts, which you know extend as far as the 30th day of April, 1829. There are a few millions "for various economies, for divers necessities, and extraordinary expenditures." Who of you can comprehend this language? When I hand money to my steward, is it not his duty to state the name of each article he bought for the use of my family? The poor nation of the Greeks has entrusted its treasures to his hands. Where and for what has he expended them? In "extraordinary expenditures!" Extraordinary! What article is this? What sort of commodity is it? Where does it grow? Hush! Who ever inquires gives "cause of accusation," and is brought here where you see me, to be examined and judged by the brothers of this newly deputed Lisander!!! Oh! wretched Greece! Oh! miserable Grecians! Who ever of you does not understand the word "extraordinary," in the account books of Capo D'Istrias, come and you will learn its import from me. Yes, come to be informed by one who is better fitted to wield the sword than manage the quill. Extraordinary expenses means— pay to thousand and manifold spies who endeavor or think that they are hidden behind their own finger. Extraordinary expenses are enormous salaries to perVOL. III.-26

arms, rudders, masts, all shattered to atoms. I recognized their fragments; they all belonged to our victorious navy. I saw him trampling upon the sacred relics with contempt. I began to tremble—my eyes became bedimmed, and my knees refused to perform their office. "What is the matter?" said he. "I am not well," I replied, with faltering tongue. "I cannot follow you in such an expedition." "Pleasant journey to you," he muttered, and onward he sped with you. I returned to Limeni.

sons who have left every other honorable employment "Dialogues of Plato."* Still farther, I observed and are watching day and night to intercept private letters, and thereby acquaint the authorities who are the hard-headed and restless Greeks; who are the persons who cannot remain quiet and silent under the lash. Such spies he has, not only in every city, town, and villa of Greece, but even in the cities of free Europe. By means of his spies he became acquainted with the views of those Philhellenes, whose object is the regeneration of modern Greece. Extraordinary expenses are great sums of money, paid in order to cancel old and great debts of the illustrious family that brought into Greece the golden age. In short, extraordinary expenses are such as are lavished upon some young brides and beautiful maidens, or such as are expended for the purchase and support of thirty Arabian horses-all of which belong to his high excellency Biaros! Without his arrival in Greece it would have been impossible for the Greeks to see in a single stable so many and such beautiful and superb stallions.

Do you see in Greece-the mother of the Graces and Alacrity-a single countenance beaming with joy? All the Greeks look more oppressed and cast down than they did when their children and wives were butchered before their eyes. The rejoicings and festivities that are trumpeted through the press, are all forged in the cave of the same Cyclops. Can such mummeries deceive and blind the Greeks to such a degree as not to recognize Chagee Ibatest when attired in the habits of a Haham?‡ A chained bear dances under the whip; but are all the Greeks of this class? They all hear the tumult of the revellers and the sound of their guns, but the sound of such instruments falls upon their ears like the knell that tolls over the departed dead. Indeed, many of those who apply the match to the feigned messengers of joy, resemble the famous Gil Blas when he fell into the hands of mountain robbers. He was obliged to follow the banditti, but whenever he found himself compelled to fire he would first shut his eyes and then discharge his pistols.

over my blindness, my shame-and over the new and unlooked-for misfortunes of Greece. Yes, my dear country, I have betrayed you; I stand here self-condemned. And why? Because I have associated myself with these that are now my judges, the true enemies to your interests! My good sirs! what have I done? Why do I stand arraigned before you? You and I "lie under the same guilt." Is it because I saw my faults? Is it because I abandoned you and turned to the inter

While Greece was under Turkey we could see, especially in the provinces which enjoyed a virtual independence (has he left any such community?) I say we could see well cultivated fields, thickly populated provinces, many a happy and well satisfied people. But what do we see now? The whole of Greece neglected, as if Ibrahim were still encamped in her fertile plains her inhabitants diminishing day by day-they can scarcely amount to seven hundred thousand. How many were they when he came? More than one million! What has become of them? They have fled, and are constantly flying. Where? To Turkey! Why? Seeing such things, gentlemen, I departed for-I did Because they can more easily avoid the rapacity of the not fly to-Limeni. And since you wish to know the Turks; the Ottomans are far more just than the bro-cause-I left this place that I might there weep bitterly thers of Capo D'Istrias! Who has not heard that the Turks comport themselves towards the Greeks as towards brothers? Who does not know-who does not see that the inhabitants of Mandock-persons who came to Greece hungry and naked-look upon the people who have fed and clad them with envious eyeregard them as mere beasts, incapable of being tamed but under the car of Russia, and the chains of Venice? Who does not see our former heroes and patriots-the true fathers and liberators of our nation-despised, per-ests of my country? Is it because I said Greece calls secuted, and imprisoned like myself? Happy and thrice happy are they, who more fortunate than myself, have escaped the snares of this magician! He pointed me to his plans of government; they were situated in an obscure chamber; they were all written in golden letters and girt by a dazzling halo. He pointed me also to a strait, dark, long, and rugged foot-path. "This alone," said he, "leads Drita' to the summit of your own and your country's happiness." "What do you mean," said I, "by your 'Drita ?'"* "Priama," he answered. "Oh! you mean directly!" (I recollected a few Russian words that had clung to my memory ever since the days of Orloff.) “Yes, directly,” he resumed, casting in the meanwhile his eyes on the ground. While I was hurrying onward in company with Capo D'Istrias, and in the dark and rugged path he had led me, I observed on the ground many scattered and torn pieces of paper, both in print and in M.S. Ibent and took a few pieces and read, "Constitution of Greece," *Drita and Priama are foreign words, and the Spartan chief reflects very delicately upon the lingua of Capo D'Istrias.

for a national assembly, and enjoins obedience to her constitution? Is it for all this that you, who are as guilty as I am-nay, ten thousand times more guilty than I am-have thought yourselves justified to examine and judge my conduct? I protest, therefore, before all Greece-before all free and enlightened nations-before all those civilized communities, whose footsteps we have chosen to follow-before all those who would shudder at your and your master's injustice-I say, I protest

The rugged path described by Mavromichalis represents the administration of Capo D'Istrias. The things observed therein mirror very forcibly the acts of violence, that rendered the situation of the President exceedingly uncomfortable. The torn pages, for example, of the "Constitution of Greece," refers to the violathat a dialogue of Plato, the Apology of Socrates, was introduced tion of this contract. The "Dialogues of Plato" refers to the fact, into the central high school of Egina, and interdicted by Capo D'Istrias. The whole of the picture delineated by the rude orator of Sparta, is as beautiful and forcible as it is simple and descriptive. It is the master picture of a wrecked administration! Chagee Ibates is the nickname of Capo D'Istrias. Chagee is the title given to a pilgrim to Jerusalem. Haham. A Jewish rabi.