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ward to the day when the group of schools or faculties in each of the seventeen educational jurisdictions of France should be made a university. In 1885 a council of the faculties, of which there are five in France-letters, sciences, theology, medicine, and law-was created and by the law of 1896 this body was made into the faculty of the university. But the minister of public instruction in France has a vice-minister or prætor in each of the seventeen academic jurisdictions of the "University of France." The officer equally directs the concerns of higher, secondary, and elementary education. Thus we have a university with its own faculty managing its own educational concerns, presided over by a rector who is the viceroy of the educational minister at Paris for education of every grade and kind. The board of business men of the American university at Paris is a bureau; the agent of that bureau in the provinces presides in each academy over the university council, and the twelve universities ar› universities each without a head. Upon the request made to the universities by the minister to communicate freely with him, the councils of several laid before him the following as information:

The council of the University of Aix-Marseilles consider it anomalous that bodies which are recruited by election should not be allowed to freely choose their head from among their own number. All foreign universities elect their president without the central power losing any of its prerogatives or suffering in any way. The council of the University of Rennes speaks to the same effect, so also the University of Nancy. The University of Montpellier wishes its new head to be called chancellor. The University of Lille claims that the rector of the academy represents the business administration and the council the deliberating administration of higher education and proposes that the work of the council be directed by a president who should be chosen from among the members of that body and who would thus represent the university, as the rector would represent the State. The University of Grenoble remarks that the recently created French universities should not be compared with the free (private) universities of the United States and England, which are absolutely mistresses of themselves, unembarrassed by dependence upon the State, but as the new universities are well defined corporations they should each have an individual chief and it is undesirable that he should be the rector of the academy. The University of Dijon would retain the rector as president of the university but would make him an honorary professor of the faculty."

It is at once seen how different is the management of a French university and that of an American institution. In France it would appear that everything is regulated from Paris, but in America by the university, or rather like the fellows manage the affairs of the colleges and halls of Oxford. Yet in France no professor can be appointed by the president of the Republic unless his name heads a list gotten up by the faculty of the University in which the vacancy occurs on one side, and the permanent section of higher education on the other. In America the faculty has nothing to do with the appointment of professors unless by private solicitation. In America the business board takes testimony as to the conditions so that it may act properly; in France the council is already schooled in a knowledge of the facts, and is in all educational matters allowed to act for itself, only modified by the power of the central government to fix the curriculum and the character of the examinations.

CHAPTER XXVI.

ESKIMO VOCABULARIES.

Compiled by Ensign ROGER WELLS, jr., U. S. N., and Interpreter JOHN W. KELLY.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

The U. S. S. Thetis was detailed by the Navy Department to cruise, during the summer and autumn of 1889, in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, for the purpose of looking out for the whaling and commercial interests of the United States in those waters, and also for the purpose of assisting in the establishment of a house of refuge at Point Barrow, the most northerly point of our territory.

During this cruise, in order to make it as broad and useful as possible, several of the officers on board of the Thetis were directed to prepare reports upon subjects connected with the waters and regions visited by the ship, from their observation and from other reliable sources. Two reports were submitted to me upon the subject

of the Eskimos of northwestern Alaska; one on the ethnography of the Eskimos, by John W. Kelly, and the other an Eskimo vocabulary, prepared by Ensign Roger Wells, jr., almost entirely from information and material furnished by Mr. John W. Kelly, the interpreter of the ship. Mr. Kelly spent three winters among the northwestern Eskimos, and has been engaged for seven years at various times in acquiring a knowledge of the language. The vocabulary is the largest in number of words that I know of treating of the language of the Eskimos upon our Arctic coast. It has a short vocabulary of the American Eskimos who are settled upon the Asiatic side of Bering Strait, which, I think, will be found particularly interesting and valuable.

The Thetis had the good fortune during this summer of reaching as far east as Mackenzie Bay and as far west as Herald Island and Wrangell Land, thus leaving an honorable name for service among Arctic cruisers. It is to be hoped that the reports, memoranda, and other contributions secured through the ready co-operation of the officers of the ship will serve also to make a permanent and useful record of the cruise creditable to the ship, interesting to the general reader, and of value as contributions to our knowledge of the Territory of Alaska.

CHARLES H. STOCKTON,

Lieutenant-Commander, United States Navy,
Commanding U. S. S. Thetis.

FEBRUARY 17,

1890.

1241

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NOTE ON ESKIMO BIBLIOGRAPHY.

By SHELDON JACKSON,

United States General Agent of Education in Alaska.

A very complete "Bibliography of the Eskimo Language" has been compiled by Mr. James C. Pilling, and published by the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C. Whoever examines its pages must be impressed with the large number of persons who have unpublished manuscripts, containing from a score to a few hundred words; the large number of printed reports of Arctic explorations, which contain a partial list of words and phrases; and the fact that there is not a single comprehensive English-Eskimo vocabulary in print, and accessible to teachers and others, among the Alaskan Eskimos.

Among the most important in the past are

Dr. Benjamin S. Barton's Vocabulary of the Greenlanders (from Cranz). 8 vo; pages, 132. Pub. Philadelphia, 1798.

Eskimaux and English Vocabulary, compiled by Capt. John Washington, R. N., and published by order of the lords commissioners of the admiralty for the use of the Artic Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin. Oblong 12 mo. 160 pages. London. 1850. English-Aleutian Dictionary prepared by Stephen N. Buynitzky, and published by the Alaska Commercial Company. San Francisco, 1871. 8 vo. 13 pp.

The above are out of print.

The most recent vocabulary that is available is that of Lieut. P. H. Ray, in the Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow. 4°. Washington, D. C., 1885.

This volume gives 711 words and 307 phrases, as used by the Eskimo at Point Barrow.

Perhaps the most important contribution to the Eskimo language is in process of preparation by L. M. Turner, in his observations made in 1882-1881, and will be published in connection with the Signal Service of the United States Army.

It will contain a vocabulary of the Koksoagmyut of over 7,000 words; the Unalit of Norton Sound, 3,000 words; the Malimyut, Norton Sound, 250 words; and the Unalaska-Alyut Dictionary of 1,900 words.

ANGLO-ESKIMO VOCABULARY.

[Prepared by Ensign Roger Wells, jr., U. S. N., and John W. Kelly, interpreter.]

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