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These are given in the order of terms of service, as follows: Sir Thomas
Smith, Edward Maria Wingfield, John Radcliffe, Captain John Smith, Captain
George Percy, Lord De La Warr, Sir Thomas Gates, Sir Thomas Dale, Sir
George Yeardley, Sir Samuel Argall, Captain Nathaniel Powell, Sir Francis
Wyatt, Captain Francis West, Dr. John Pott, Sir John Harvey, Captain John
West, Sir William Berkeley, Richard Kempe, Richard Bennet, Edward Digges,
Colonel Samuel Matthews, Colonel Francis Morryson, Herbert Jeffreys, Sir
Henry Chicheley, Lord Culpeper, Nicholas Spencer, Baron Effingham, Na-
thaniel Bacon, Sir Francis Nicholson, Sir Edmond Andros, Earl of Orkney,
Edward Nott, Edmund Jenings, Robert Hunter, Alexander Spotswood, Hugh
Drysdale, Robert Carter, Sir William Gooch, James Blair, Earl of Albemarle,
John Robinson, Thomas Lee, Lewis Burwell, Robert Dinwiddie, Earl of
Loudon, John Blair, Francis Fauquier, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, Lord Botetourt,
William Nelson, Lord Dunmore.

Sketches of Executives of the State of Virginia__

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REFERENCE

EMINENT VIRGINIANS.

EXECUTIVES OF VIRGINIA, 1606-1889.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

For a due understanding of the status of the several and successive executives of Virginia from its settlement, some explanation seems necessary. It may be thus concisely given: By the charter of the London Company for Virginia, from King James the First, of England, dated April the 10th, 1606, under which colonization was first effected, the chief direction of the affairs of the colony was vested in a Council in England, appointed by the King. They, in turn, named the resident Councillors in the Colony-each body electing its Executive or President. This plan was modified somewhat under a second charter granted the Company May the 23d, 1609, by which it was empowered to choose the Supreme Council in England, and under its instructions and regulations a Governor was provided, invested with absolute civil and military authority, with the title of "Governor and Captain General of Virginia." The resident Council was still retained. In the absence of the Governor-inChief, authority was vested in an appointed Deputy, or LieutenantGovernor, or, in the absence of such officer, in the President of the Council. Upon the annulling of the charter of the London Company, and its dissolution July the 15th, 1624, the King henceforth appointed the Governor-in-Chief, who, however, but rarely resided in the Colony, his functions there being exercised by a Deputy, or Lieutenant-Governor. The resident Council was continued, being appointed by the King on the recommendation of the Governor, or Lieutenant-Governor. This mode obtained whilst Virginia remained a British Colony. The salary of the resident Governor in 1670, then Sir William Berkeley, was £1,200. In 1754 the salary of the Governor-in-Chief was £2,000, of which he retained £1,200, paying his Deputy, the Lieutenant-Governor residing in Virginia, £800. Upon the rupture with the

mother country, Lord Dunmore, the last royal Governor, having fled from Williamsburg, the seat of government, in June, 1775, a recently dissolved Assembly met in Convention in the town of Richmond, July the 17th following, and organized a provisional form of government and plan of defence, with a Committee of Safety consisting of Edmund Pendleton, George Mason, John Page, Richard Bland, Thomas Ludwell Lee, Paul Carrington, Dudley Digges, James Mercer, Carter Braxton, William Cabell and John Tabb. A succeeding general Convention met by appointment at Williamsburg, May the 6th, 1776, and on the 29th of June following adopted a State Constitution which provided a Council of State, and a Governor, with a salary of £1,000, to be elected annually by a joint ballot of the Assembly. It is of interest to note in exhibition of the depreciation of the currency of the period that the salary of the Governor was successively increased until in October, 1779, it was made £7,500, and in May, 1780, because of the instability of the currency, was fixed in the primitive medium of Virginia and paid in 60,000 pounds of tobacco. In November, 1781, the amount was restored to £1,000, payable in specie, and this, or its equivalent in decimal currency$3,333.33 continued to be the salary until by act of the Assembly of June the 5th, 1852, it was increased to $5,000. In 1781 the term of the Governor was made three years. Under the amended Constitution of Virginia, of 1851, the Council of State was abolished and the Governor made elective by popular vote. Upon the surrender by General R. E. Lee, of the Confederate Army, April the 9th, 1865, Virginia was under martial law until May the 9th following, when, under proclamation of President Andrew Johnson, Governor Francis H. Pierpoint assumed the government, which he held, provisionally, until April the 16th, 1868, when he was superseded by Henry H. Wells, under the military appointment of General John M. Schofield, commanding the First Military District, comprising Virginia. A State Convention met at Richmond in December, 1867, and framed a new Constitution, which, having been adopted by a vote of the people on the 6th of July, 1869, the State was re-admitted to the Union, and a Governor-Gilbert C. Walker-elected, who took his seat January the 1st, 1870, for a term of four years.

1606,

EXECUTIVES.

-Sir Thomas Smyth, or Smith, first President of the
Council of the London Company, and its Treasurer.

1607, April 26-Captain Edward Maria Wingfield, President of the Council in Virginia.

1607, Sept. 10-Captain John Ratcliffe, President of the Council in Virginia.

1608, Sept.

7-Captain John Smith, President of the Council in Vir

ginia.

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