futile attentions to the lady, venting threats against her father, brothers and others. He became involved, also, in contentions with the clergy. For a more healthy location, Governor Nicholson removed the seat of Government from Jamestown to Middle Plantations (subsequently named Williamsburg) in 1698. Upon the complaint of the clergy and Council, Governor Nicholson was recalled to England in August, 1705, and on the 15th of that month, succeeded by Edward Nott as LieutenantGovernor. In 1710 Nicholas was appointed General and Commander-inchief of the forces sent against Port Royal, in Acadia, which was surrendered to him October 2. He returned to England to urge another attempt upon Canada, taking with him five Iroquois Indians, who were presented to Queen Anne. He commanded the unsuccessful expedi tion against Canada in 1711. From October 12, 1712, to August, 1717, he was Governor of Nova Scotia. He was knighted in 1720, and served as Governor of South Carolina from 1721 to June, 1725, when, returning to England, he was made a Lieutenant-General. Bancroft describes him as "an adept in colonial governments; trained, by long experience in New York, Virginia, and Maryland; brave and not penurious, but narrow and irascible; of loose morality, yet a fervent supporter of the church." He was the author of "An Apology or Vindication of Francis Nicholson, Governor of South Carolina," London, folio, 1724, and of "Journal of an Expedition for the Reduction of Port Royal," London, 4to, 1711. He died in London, March 5, 1728. SIR EDMOND ANDROS. Edmond Andros was born in London, December 6, 1637. Bred a soldier, he distinguished himself in the war with the Dutch, which closed in 1667, and in 1672 was appointed a major in Prince Rupert's Dragoons. In the year 1674, upon the death of his father, he succeeded him as bailiff of Guernsey. He was appointed Governor of the Colony of New York, where he had previously served in a military capacity in 1678, and continued governor until 1681, being principally employed there in passing grants to the subjects, and in presiding in the Court of Sessions. Appointed Governor of New England, he arrived in Boston December 21. There his administration was to the utmost degree arbitrary and tyrannical. He interfered with the liberty of the press, levied enormous taxes without authority, and required the proprietors of lands to obtain from him new titles at great expense. In October, 1687, he demanded, at the head of his troops, the surrender of the charter of Connecticut, but it was successfully concealed in the famous Charter Oak, at Hartford. His wife died and was buried at Boston, February 10, 1687-8, in King's Chapel burying ground. In 1688 he caused an Indian war by his aggressions on the Penobscot tribe. At last, under the weight of his oppressions, the people of Boston deposed and imprisoned him. The abdication of James the Second prevented any consequent trouble with the British Government, because of this summary assertion of popular prerogative, and no judicial decision was rendered regarding Andros. He was commissioned Governor of Virginia March 1, 1693, and arrived in the colony October 16th, following, relieving Colonel Francis Nicholson in the government. He was kindly received by the Virginians, whose solicitations to King William for warlike stores he had promoted. He soon gave some offence, however, by ordering ships to cruise against vessels engaged in contraband trade, yet his administration was a salutary and prosperous one for Virginia, and by his conduct here he is considered by some to have largely condoned his previous lawless career. During his term of office the ancient seat of learning, William and Mary College, was established, and in 1693 an act was passed for organizing a postoffice department for Virginia, with a central office and sub-offices in each county, with fixed rates of postage, and Thomas Neale as PostmasterGeneral. Andros's love of order carried him into the public departments, and finding the documents and papers in great confusion, torn, soiled and moth-eaten, he ordered their reparation, and pressed reform with vigor. He encouraged manufactures, incited the planters to the cultivation of cotton, and gave his assent to an act establishing the first fulling-mills ever known in the settlement. Invested with the power of Ordinary, or representative of the King and the Bishop of London, his acts brought him in collision with commissary James Blair, President of William and Mary College, who, in 1694, preferred charges to the King against him as an enemy to religion, the church, and the college, and occasioned, thus, his removal from office. He was succeeded, December 9, 1698, by Colonel Francis Nicholson. Andros was Governor of Guernsey from 1704 to 1706. He died at London, February 27, 1713-14, honored and respected. The narrative of his proceedings in New England was published in 1691, and republished in 1773. The "Andros Tracts," edited by William H. Whitmore, were published by the Prince Society, Boston, 1868, 2 vols. 4to. EARL OF ORKNEY. George Hamilton, Earl of Orkney, a member of a distinguished family, was appointed Governor-in-chief of Virginia in 1697, and enjoyed it as a pensionary sinecure for forty years, all the while residing in England, and out of the annual salary of £2,000 receiving £1,200. George Hamilton entered the army in his youth, was made a colonel in 1689, and, in 1695, was created Earl of Orkney, in consideration of his gallantry. He was present at the battles of the Boyne, Athlone, Limerick, Aghrim, Stimkirk, Landen, Namur, and Blenheim, and was a great favorite with King William the Third. In the first year of Queen Anne's reign he was made a major-general, and shortly afterwards a Knight of the Thistle, serving with distinction in all the wars of her reign. As one of the sixteen peers of Scotland, he was a member of the House of Lords for many years. He married, in 1695, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Villiers, Knight, (Maid of Honor to Queen Mary,) sister of Edward, Earl of Jersey, by whom he had issue three daughters: Lady Anne, who married the Earl of Inchequin; Lady Frances, who married Sir Thomas Sanderson (brother to the Earl of Scarborough), and Lady Harriet, who married the Earl of Orrery. He died January 29, 1737, and, on September 6 of that year, was succeeded as Governor-in-chief of Virginia by the Earl of Albemarle. The nephew of the Earl of Orkney, the celebrated Sir William Hamilton, the husband of the famous beauty, Lady Emma Hamilton, whose name is connected with that of the heroic Lord Nelson, of the Nile, was, in 1772, an unsuccessful applicant for the resident governorship of Virginia. EDWARD NOTT. Edward Nott, born in 1654, succeeded, August 15, 1705, as the deputy of the Earl of Orkney, Francis Nicholson, in the resident government of Virginia. Governor Nott procured the passage, in October, 1705, by the assembly, of an act for the building of a palace for the governor, with an appropriation of £3,000, also an act establishing the general court, but the last was disallowed by the British Board of Trade. During Governor Nott's administration the College of William and Mary was destroyed by fire. Governor Nott died, greatly lamented by the Colony, August 23, 1706, and in the epitaph upon the handsome tomb to his memory, still standing in the church yard of Old Bruton Church, in Williamsburg, the regard in which he was held is thus testified: "In his private character he was a good Christian, and in his public a good Governor. He was a lover of mankind and bountiful to his friends. By the prudence and justice of his administration he was universally esteemed a public blessing while he lived, and when he died it was a public calamity. *** *In grateful remembrance of whose many virtues, the General Assembly of this Colony have erected this monument." EDMUND JENINGS. Edmund Jenings, son of Sir Edmund Jenings, of Ripon, Yorkshire, England, Member of Parliament, is first mentioned in Virginia annals, August 1, 1684, as Attorney-General of the Colony. Captain Peter Jenings, of Gloucester county, probably a relative, was an "Adjutant General" and a burgess in 1660, and then, or later, Attorney-General. He died in 1671. John Jenings appears as a grantee of land in James City county in 1649. Edmund Jenings married Frances (died in London, November 22, 1713), daughter of Henry Corbin, emigrant ancestor from England of the family of his name in Virginia. Jenings was, in 1696, Deputy Secretary of Virginia, and, a little later, the agent of the proprietary of the Northern Neck. He was long a member of the council, and, as its president, upon the death of Governor Nott, became, August 23, 1705, the executive of Virginia. He was one of the commissioners the same year for laying off the city of Williamsburg. His daughter Ariana became the wife of John Randolph, AttorneyGeneral of Virginia, and their son, Edmund Randolph, became the Governor of Virginia and Attorney-General of the United States under Washington. Another daughter of Edmund Jenings married William Hill, of the family of the Marquis of Downshire. The blood of Edmund Jenings has intermingled with that of the worthiest families of Virginia, comprising the honored names of Randolph, Carter, Lee, Ludwell, Meade and others. Jenings continued the executive of Virginia until the arrival of Lieutenant-Governor Spotswood, June 23, 1710. ROBERT HUNTER. Robert Hunter was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, April 4, 1707, and his commission from George, Prince of Denmark, consort of Queen Anne, and Lord Admiral, is preserved in the cabinet of the Virginia Historical Society. It is a huge vellum document, measuring two feet by two feet six inches, closely covered with Latin script, and is probably the only example in Virginia of the commissions of her governors in colonial times; and yet Hunter, being captured by the French, then at war with England, on his voyage to Virginia, never acted as her executive, being conveyed as a prisoner to Paris by his captors. It appears that, soon after this, a plan having been proposed to reduce the Spanish West India Islands, Hunter was proposed, by the Duke of Marlborough, to command it. During Hunter's detention in Paris, he corresponded with Dean Swift, who, it appears, had been suspected of being the author of the famous letter concerning enthusiasm, usually printed in Lord Shaftesbury's Characteristics, but which was really written by Hunter. Returning to England, Hunter was made Governor of New York, and was sent thither in 1710, with 2,700 expatriated Palatines, to settle that colony. He returned to England in 1719. On the accession of George the Second, he was reinstated in the government of New York and New Jersey. The climate not agreeing with him, he obtained the government of Jamaica instead, arriving there in February, 1727. He died March 31, 1734. He was a friend of Addison, |