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the latter. His military career was distinguished and his promotion rapid. He was engaged in the siege of Vera Cruz, March 9-29, 1847; the battle of Cerro Gordo, April 17-18; skirmish of La Hoya, June 20; skirmish of Oka Laka, August 16, 1847. Shortly after the battle of Cerro Gordo, Jackson was assigned to the light field battery of Captain John B. Magruder. He participated in the battle of Contreras, August 19-20, 1847 and was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant, and brevetted Captain August 20 for "gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco." In the last named engagement Magruder's First Lieutenant, Johnstone, was killed and Jackson thus became second in command, and took charge of a section of the battery. He was engaged in the battle of Molino del Rey, September 7; the storming of Chapultepec, September 13, 1847, where for his conspicuous gallantry he was brevetted Major, a promotion, it is said, then unprecedently rapid. In the battle of Chapultepee Jackson with his section found himself placed unexpectedly in the presence of a strong Mexican battery, at so short a range that in a few moments a majority of his horses were killed and his pieces nearly unmanned by the terrific storm of grape-shot to which they were subjected, whilst seventy men out of two regiments of infantry with difficulty maintained their position in his rear. General Worth perceiving the desperate position of Jackson's guns, sent him word to retire. He replied that it was more dangerous to withdraw his pieces than to hold his position. Magruder, who moved rapidly to the support, having his horse killed under him as he did so, found that Jackson had lifted by hand a single gun across a deep ditch to a position from which it could be effective, and this gun he was rapidly loading and firing with the assistance of a Sergeant alone, the remainder of his command being either killed, wounded or crouching in the ditch. Another gun was now quickly put in position, and in a few moments the Mexicans were driven from their battery, which was turned upon the flying enemy. Years afterwards, whilst a quiet professor, with the sobriquet of "Old Jack," accorded because of his grave and serious demeanor – when asked by his pupils why he did not run when his command was so disabled, he placidly replied: "I was not ordered to do so," and to the query if he was not alarmed when he saw so many of his men falling around him, answered, "No;" that his only fear was lest the danger would not be great enough for him to distinguish himself as he desired. Major Jackson participated in the closing scene of the war, the assault and capture of the City of Mexico, September 13-14, 1847. He served in garrison at Fort Columbus, New York, in 1848, in Fort Hamilton, New York, 1849-51, and in the Florida hostilities against the Seminole Indians in 1851. The arduous service he had undergone impaired his naturally delicate constitution, and in consequence he resigned his commission in the

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From a portrait said by his widow to be the best likeness of him in existence.

army February 29, 1852, and returning to Virginia, was elected Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Instructor of Artillery Tactics in the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, which position he usefully filled until the breaking out of our late unhappy civil war. Immediately after the secession of Virginia, April 17, 1861, the Corps of Cadets was ordered to Richmond by Governor Letcher. They were marched thither under the command of Major Jackson, and stationed for some time at the State Agricultural Fair Grounds (converted into a camp of instruction, and called "Camp Lee"), as drill masters to the troops arriving there. Jackson was now commissioned by Governor Letcher, Colonel, and on the 3d of May, 1861, took command of the small "Army of Observation" stationed near Harpers Ferry. The prescribed limits of this sketch prevent a detailed account of the glorious career of Colonel Jackson, and a brief recapitulation must suffice here. Promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General Jure 17, he encountered the advance of the Federals under General Patterson at Falling Waters July 2, checked him and brought off without loss forty-five prisoners. He bore a distinguished part in the battle of Bull Run August 21, where in the language of the gallant and lamented General Barnard E. Bee he "stood like a stone-wall." October 7th following he was promoted to the rank of Major-General and assigned to the command of the forces in and around Winchester. In January, 1862, he conducted an expedition against Bath and Romney, which in the suffering and exposure to cold which it entailed surpassed the privations of Valley Forge of the Revolution. It resulted in the capture of a large quantity of supplies. March 23, 1862, the battle at Kernstown, with the Federals under Shields, was fought, which was so far successful as to recall to Winchester large bodies of Federal troops which had been sent from thence.

Early in May, 1862, Jackson again assumed the offensive, and by a rapid march cut off a detached body at Front Royal and compelled the Federals under Banks to retreat hastily to the Potomac. From the quantity of stores massed at Winchester by Banks and captured by General Jackson, the former has been derisively termed "Jackson's Commissary General." Fremont and McDowell attempted to cut Jackson off, but he succeeded in eluding them by a display of energy, decision, and fertility of resource, which gained for him the distinction of one of the great commanders in the world's history. Hastening his forces to Richmond, his timely arrival at Gaines Mill gave the victory to the Confederate arms; on the 29th he engaged McClellan's rear guard at Fraziers Farm; and July 1st was engaged at Malvern Hill. He next moved his corps against General Pope, and on the 9th of August fought the sanguinary battle of Cedar Run with the force of General Banks. General Lee having joined Jackson, the latter was dispatched, August 24th, to gain the rear of General

Pope, which he did, capturing at Manassas prisoners, cannon and stores. Lee came to his support, and on the 30th was fought the second battle of Manassas. Jackson took part in the invasion of Maryland. September 15th, captured Harpers Ferry with 11,000 prisoners, and rejoined Lee at Antietam in time to do the severest fighting at that battle. October 11, 1862, Jackson was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General, and December 13th following witnessed the important battle of Fredericksburg. By Jackson's flank movement at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, the Eleventh Corps of Hooker's army was routed and compelled to fall back, but in the darkness as he returned with his staff to the rear he was fired upon by his own men and received wounds from which he died on Sunday, May 10, 1863. He died as became a Christian and a soldier. Shortly before he expired, on being told of his hastening dissolution, he responded feebly but firmly: "Very good; it is all right." A few moments before he died he cried out in his delirium: "Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action! pass the infantry to the front rapidly! tell Major Hawks—” then stopped, leaving the sentence unfinished. Presently a smile of ineffable sweetness spread itself over his pale face, and he said quietly and with an expression as if of relief: "Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees;" and then, without pain or the least struggle, his spirit passed from earth to the God who gave it. The remains of "Stonewall" Jackson lie in an unpretentious grave at Lexington, Virginia. It may be of interest to note that the favorite war steed of General Jackson, "Old Sorrel," lived many years and was affectionately cared for, an honored pensioner of the Virginia Military Institute. General Jackson was twice married, first to a daughter of Rev. George Junkin, D. D., and secondly to a daughter of Rev. Dr. Morrison, of North Carolina. A sister of Mrs. Jackson is the wife of General Daniel H. Hill, late Confederate States Army. Only one child of General Jackson, by his second marriage, survives --Miss Julia Jackson—who, with her mother, has been the object of the most respectful attentions throughout this country. The graciousness of their reception during a visit to Massachusetts is noteworthy, as a generous expression of the people of that State, and it is held in connection therewith as a somewhat curious exemplification that the most marked attentions were at the hands of the then Chief Magistrate of the State, General Benjamin Franklin Butler.

A bronze statue of General Jackson, executed by J. H. Foley, R. A., and presented to the State of Virginia by English admirers of the great soldier, stands in the Capitol grounds at Richmond, Virginia. It is shown in Vol. II. from a special photograph taken for this work. It was unveiled with appropriate ceremonies, October 26, 1875, Gov. Kemper and Rev. M. D. Hoge, D. D., delivering addresses.

MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY-PHILOSOPHER OF THE SEAS.

In the lineage of Matthew Fontaine Maury there was commingled a double strain of the conscientious Huguenot blood with meritorious Virginia springs. He was seventh in descent from John de la Fontaine, born about 1500 in the province of Maine, near the borders of Normandy; commissioned in the household of Francis I., of France; served continuously during the reigns of Henry II., Francis II., and until the second year of Charles IX., when he resigned; martyred as a Protestant in 1563. His grandson, Rev. James Fontaine, pastor of the United Churches of Vaux and Royan; born in 1658; married A. E. Boursiquot; fled to Great Britain from religious persecution. His daughter, Mary Anne, born in Taunton, England, 1690, married in Dublin, Ireland, in 1716, Matthew Maury, a Huguenot refugee (died) in 1752), and they emigrated to Virginia in 1718. Their son, Rev. James Maury, born 1717, died 1767, a learned and beloved minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church, married Elizabeth Walker, of estimable Virginia lineage. Their son, Richard Maury, married Diana Minor, of worthy descent. They had issue nine children, of whom the seventh, and the third son, was the subject of this sketch, Matthew Fontaine, born 16th of January, 1806, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. His father removed to Tennessee in young Matthew's fourth year, and established himself near Nashville. In his sixteenth year young Maury entered Harpeth Academy. In 1825 he was appointed Midshipman in the United States Navy, making his first cruise in the frigate Brandywine, on the coast of Europe and in the Mediterranean. The voyage across the Atlantic was rendered memorable by tempestuous weather and the presence of General Lafayette, a return passenger to France. In 1826 Maury was transferred to the sloop of war Vincennes, for a cruise around the world. Having passed with credit. the usual examination, he was appointed, in 1831, Master of the sloop of war Falmouth, then fitting out for the Pacific, but was soon transferred to the schooner Dolphin, serving as acting First Lieutenant, until again transferred to the frigate Potomac, in which he returned to the United States in 1834. He then published his first work, Maury's Navigation, which was adopted as à text-book in the navy. He was now selected as astronomer, and offered the appointment of hydrographer to the exploring expedition to the South Seas, under the command of Lieutenant Wilkes, but declined these positions. In 1837 he was promoted to the grade of Lieutenant, and not long afterwards met with the painful accident by which he was lamed for life. For several years, unable to perform the active duties of his profession, he devoted his time to mental culture, to the improvement of the navy, and to other matters of national concern. His views, forcibly stated, were published first and mainly in the Southern Literary Messenger, over the nom de plume of Harry Bluff, and under the general caption of "Scraps from the Lucky Bag." To the influence of

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