glorio'sa, (w. Au. 2.) caulescent, branching; leaves broad-lanceolate, plaited, entire; petals lanceolate. 2-4 f. alnifolia, leaves lance-linear, with callous crenatures, rigid. 10-12 f. ZANNICHELLIA. 19-1. (Naides.) palustris, anthers 4-celled; stigmas entire; pericarps toothed on the back; stem long, filiform; flowers small, axillary. Horn pond-weed. Ditches. ZANTHORHIZA. 5-13. (Ranunculacea.) [From xanthos, yellow, riza, root.] apiifolia, (parsley yellow-root, p. Ap. h.) stem simple; leaves 3-ternate; petioles dilated and clasping at the base; racemes compound, below the leaves. 1-3 f. ZANTHOXYLUM. 21-5. (Terebintacea.) [From xanthos, yellow, zulon, wood.] fraxin"eum, (prickly-ash, toothache-bush, g. w. M. h.) prickly; leaves pinnate; leafets lance-oval, sub-entire, sessile, equal at the base; umbels axillary. 8-12 f. ZAPANIA. 13-2. (Scrophularia.) nodiflo'ra, b-w. Ju. 4.) leaves ovate wedge-form, serrate above; spikes solitary, in long filiform peduncles, forming conical heads; stem herbaceous, creeping, 6-8 inches long, procumbent. lanceolata, leaves linear-lanceolate, spikes solitary. Banks of streams. ZEA. 19-3. (Gramine.) [An ancient Greek name.] mays, (Indian-corn, y-g. Ju. .) leaves lance-linear, entire, keeled. S. ZIGADENUS. 6-3. (Junci.) glaberrimus, (w. J. 4.) scape leafy; bracts ovate, acuminate; petals acuminate; leaves long, recurved, channelled. 2-4 f. ZINNIA. 17-2. (Corymbiferæ.) viola'cea, (r-p. Ju.) leaves ovate-acute, sessile, sub-crenate; chaff imbricate serrate. ZIZANIA. 19-6. (Gramineæ.) aquatica, (wild rice, Au. 2.) panicle pyramidal, divaricate and steril at the base, spiked and fertile above; pedicels clavate; awns long; seed linear. In water. ZIZIPHUS. 5-1. (Rhamni.) volu'biles, (g-y. Ju. 4.) unarmed; leaves ovate, ribbed, entire; ̃umbels axillary, peduncled; stem twining. S. ZORNIA. 16-10. (Leguminosa.) tetraphylla, (y. Ju. 4.) leaves digitate; leafets 4, lanceolate, glabrous; spikes axillary, peduncled; flowers alternate, 2-bracted; bracts roundish. S. ZOSTERA. 19-1. (Naides.) [From zoster, a girdle.] marina, (sea-eel grass, Au. 4.) leaves entire; stem terete; flowers very small; leaves long. In salt water. SECTION V. VOCABULARY, OR EXPLANATION OF BOTANICAL TERMS. A, in composition, signifies privation, | Adel'phous. (From the Greek adelphos, or destitute of; as acaulis, referring to a plant without a caulis or stem. Abortive flower. Falling off without producing fruit. - stamens, not furnished with an thers. - pistil. Defective in some essential part. -seed. Not becoming perfect, through want of the fertilizing influence of the pollen. Abrupt leaf. A pinnate leaf with an Acer'ose leaf. Linear and permanent, Ache'nium, one of Mirbel's genera of Acic'ular. Needle-shaped. Acotyledonous. (From a without, and Accum'bent. The corcle lying against a brother or an equal) Applied to plants whose stamens are united by their filaments, whether in one or two sets. Adnate'. Growing together. Adversifolia. (From adversus, opposite, and folium, a leaf.) Plants whose leaves stand opposite to each other, on the same stem or branch. Name of the 5th class in Sauvage's Methodus foliorum; as exemplified in the labiate flowers. Esti'vales. (From astas, summer.) Plants which blossom in summer. The second division of Du Pas's method, with reference to the four seasons of the year, consisting of herbs which blossom in summer. A'fora. (From a, without, and fores, a door.) Having no doors or valves. The name of a class in Camerius's method, consisting of plants whose pericarp or seed-vessel is not furnished with internal valves. Aga'mous. (From a, without, and gamos, marriage.) A term derived from the indelicate notions of the last century, respecting the sexual distinctions of plants; and which, whatever analogies may actually exist between the vegetable and animal kingdoms, should as far as possible be excluded from the science. Were it to be otherwise, the study of Botany ought to be limited to the medical profession. Of all studies, that of Botany should not be accompanied by aught that might pain or disgust a delicate mind. Plants without any visible stamens or pistils are by French botanists called agamous. Ages of plants. Ephemeral are such as spring up, blossom and ripen their seed in a few hours or days; annual live a few months or one summer; biennial, spring up one summer and die the following; perennial, live an indefinite period. Agglom'erated. Bunched, crowded to- | Am'bitus. The outer rim of a frond gether. Ag'gregate. (From aggregare, to assemble.) Many springing from the same point; this term was at first applied to compound flowers, but there is at present a sevenfold division of aggregate flowers: aggregate, properly so called; amentaccous, glumose, cymose, spadiceous. Aggregate flower is erected on peduncles or footstalks, which all have one common receptacle on the stem; they sometimes have one common calyx, and are sometimes separately furnished with a calyx. Ai'grette. See Egret. A'la. A Latin word signifying a wing. It is sometimes used to express the angle formed by the stem with the branch or leaf. Linnæus and some others use the term ala, as the name of a membrane, affixed to some species of seed which serves as a wing to raise them into the air, and thus promote their dispersion. Ala. The two lateral or side petals of a papilionaceous flower. Albu'men. The farinaceous, fleshy or horny substance which constitutes the chief bulk of monocotyledonous seeds; as wheat, rye, &c. Alburnum. (From albus, white.) The soft white substance which in trees is found between the liber, or inner bark, and the wood, and becoming solid, in progress of time is converted into wood. From its colour and comparative softness, it has been styled the fat of trees. It is called the sap-wood, and is formed by a deposite of the cambium, or descending sap; in one year it becomes wood; and a new layer of alburnum is again formed by the descent of the cambium. Alga. Flags; these, by Linnæus, comprise the plants of the order Hepatica and Lichenes. Alpine. Growing naturally on high mountains. Alter'nate. Branches, leaves, flowers, &c. are alternate, when beginning at different distances on the stem; opposite, is when they commence at the same distances, and base stands against base. Alter'nately-pinnate leaf; when the leafets are arranged alternately on each side of the common footstalk or 'petiole. Alveolate. Having cells which resemble a honeycomb. Analysis. To analyze a plant botanically, is to ascertain its name, by observing its organs, and comparing them with scientific descriptions of plants. Ancip'etal. Having two sharp edges like a sword. An'dria. Signifies stamen. Androgynous plants. Such as bear staminate and pistillate flowers on the same root; as the oak and Indian corn: such plants belong to the class Monœcia. Angiocar'pus. Fungi bearing seeds internally. Angiosper'mal. (From angio, a vessel, and sperma, seed.) Plants whose seeds are enclosed or covered. Angular. Forming angles; when the stems, calyxes, capsules, &c. have ridges running lengthwise. Angustifolius. Narrow-leaved. An'nual. A plant which lives but one year. The herbage is often annual, while the root is perennial; in this case the plant is said to be perennial. Anʼnulated. Having a ring round the capsules; as in ferns; or in mushrooms having a ringed stipe. An'nulus. A ring. Anom'alous. (From a, without, and nomos, law.) Irregular, or whatever forms an exception to a general rule. The 11th class in Tournefort's method is called anomale, including plants whose corollas are composed of irregular and dissimilar parts; as the columbine, monk's-hood, violet, larkspur, &c. Anther. (From anthos, a flower; so called as indicating its importance.) That part of the stamen which contains the pollen; it is of various forms, as linear, awl-shaped, heart-shaped, round, &c.; it is one-celled, two-celled, &c. Antherid'ium. A mass of pollen. Antherif'erous. Flowers bearing an thers without filaments. An'thus. (From the Greek anthos.) A flower, generally referring to the petals only. Antiscorbutics. Substances which cure eruptions. Apet'alous. (From a, without, and petalum, a petal.) Having no petals or corollas; such flowers are termed incomplete; such as are destitute of either stamens or pistils are called imperfect. Apel'ala. A class formed by some of the ancient botanists, including plants destitute of corollas. A'pex. The top or summit. Aphyllous. (From a, without, and phylLon, a leaf.) Destitute of leaves. Aphylla is the name given by an ancient botanist to a class of plants without leaves, comprising garlic, rush, mushrooms, &c. Apothe'cia. The fructifications of the lichens. Appen'daged. Having bracts, thorns, prickles, &c. Appressed. Closely pressed; as leaves against the stem, &c. Approximate. Growing near each other. Ap'terous. Without wings. Aquatic. (From aqua, water.) Growing in, or near water. Aquatica was an ancient name for a class including all plants which grow in water. Arbor. A tree; a perennial plant, which rises to a great height. Most trees spring from seeds having two cotyledons; they are therefore called dicotyledonous plants. The ancient botanists divided plants into trees and herbs; but this distinction is too vague to form the basis of classification. Arbo'reus. Like a tree. Arbusti'vus. (From arbustum, a shrub.) An ancient class of plants containing shrubs; as the myrtle, mock-orange (philadelphus,) &c. Arched. Curving above, vaulted. Arcuate. (From arcus, a bow.) Bent like a bow. Arena'rius. Growing in sand. A'ril, (arillus.) The external coat or covering of seeds which, drying, falls off spontaneously. Aris'tate. (From areo, to be dried.) Arms, (arma.) Offensive weapons. Plants are said to be armed, when they are furnished with prickles, thorns, &c. Aromatic. Sweet-scented. some other botanists, who arranged plants according to their virtues and sensible qualities. Arrow-form. Shaped like an arrowhead, the hind lobes acute. Artic'ulated. Jointed; as in the culm or stem of the grasses. Arundina’ceous. (From Arundo, a reed.) Resembling reeds. Arven'sis. Growing in cultivated fields. Ascending. Rising from the ground obliquely. Ascid'isate. Pitcher-form. From the Greek askidion, a bottle or pitcher. Asperifolius. Rough-leaved. Astringents. Substances which condense the fibres. Atten'uated. Gradually diminished or tapering. Auriculate. Having appendages resembling ears. Awl-form. Sharp at the point, and curved to one side. Awn. A short stiff bristle Ax'il. The angle between a leaf and stem on the upper side. Ax'illary. Growing out of the axils; leaves are said to be axillary when they proceed from the angle formed by the stem and branch. Axis. The elongated part of a petiole, upon which are attached many flowA centre. A line, real or imaginary, through any body. ers. B Ba'ca. A berry. It is a pulpy pericarp, enclosing seeds without capsules. A berry is said to be proper, when it is formed of the pericarp or seed vessel; improper or singular, when it is formed of any other parts. In the mulberry and rose, a large, fleshy and succulent calyx becomes a berry. In the strawberry, a berry is formed of the common receptacle; in the raspberry, of a seed. Baccif'erus. Bearing berries. Ban'ner. The upper petal in a papilionaceous flower. Barb. A straight process, armed with teeth pointing backwards. Barba'tus. Bearded. Bark. The covering of vegetables, consisting of several parts; as cuticle, cellular integument, &c. The bark consists of as many layers as the tree on which it grows has years : a new layer being formed from the cambium, or from the alburnum, every year. The newest layer of bark is called liber. Aromatica. The name of a class of Bar'ren. Producing no fruit; containDioscorides, Clusius, Bauhin, and ing stamens only. calyx. Beak'ed. Terminating by a process | Calycʻulated. Having an additional shaped like the beak of a bird. Berry. Calyx. From the Greek, signifying a flower-cup; in most plants it encloses and supports the corolla. It is defin A pulpy pericarp enclosing Calyp'tra. The cap or hood of pistil seeds without capsules. See Bacca. late mosses, resembling an extinBi, derived from bis, signifying two. guisher set on a candle. Bicor'nis. Anthers with two horns. Bi'dens. Having two teeth. Biennial. Living two years, in the second of which the flower and fruit are produced; as in wheat. Bi'fid. Two-parted. Bila'biate. Corolla with two lips. Biter'nate. Twice ternate. The peti- ed by Linnæus to be the termination of the outer bark. Cam'bium. The descending sap, which every year forms a new layer of bark and one of wood. It descends between the bark and the wood, so that the new wood is formed externally and the new bark internally. Campan'ulate. Bell-form. Blas'teme. From the Greek blastema, a Campestris. Growing in uncultivated bud. fields. Bor'der. The brim or spreading part | Can'cellated. of a corolla. Bot'rus. A cluster, like grapes. Brach'ilate. Appearing like lattice work. Canes'cent. White or hoary. Branches opposite, and Capillary. Hair-like. each pair at right angles with the preceding. Bract. Floral leaf; a leaf near the Branch. A division of the main stem Brumales. (From bruma, winter.) C Cadu'cous. (From cado, to fall.) Fall- Calca'reous. Containing lime; as shells Cal'carate. Resembling or being fur- ances. Calyb'ion. (From kalubion, a little cabin.) A genus in Mirbel's second class of fruits. Cap'itate. Growing in heads. Carina. The keel or lower folded pe- Carno'se. Of a fleshy consistence. Car'pos. From the Greek karpos, fruit. Cau'dex. The main body of a tree, or Caules'cent. Having a stem exclusive Cell. The hollow part of a pericarp or |