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S.J. Res. 1, S.J. Res. 2, S.J. Res. 4, S.J. Res. 12,
S.J. Res. 18, S.J. Res. 20, S.J. Res. 25, S.J. Res. 30,
S.J. Res. 31, S.J. Res. 33, S.J. Res. 71,
and S.J. Res. 72

TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION RELATING TO
ELECTORAL COLLEGE REFORM

29-018

JANUARY 23 AND 24, MARCH 10, 11, 12, 13, 20, AND 21,
APRIL 30, MAY 1 AND 2, 1969

Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1969

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman

JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, Arkansas
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina
THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut
PHILIP A. HART, Michigan

EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts
BIRCH BAYH, Indiana

QUENTIN N. BURDICK, North Dakota
JOSEPH D. TYDINGS, Maryland
ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia

EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
HIRAM L. FONG, Hawaii
HUGH SCOTT, Pennsylvania
STROM THURMOND, South Carolina
MARLOW W. COOK, Kentucky

CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, JR., Maryland

SUBCOMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
BIRCH BAYH, Indiana, Chairman

JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina
THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut
JOSEPH D. TYDINGS, Maryland
ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia

EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
HIRAM L. FONG, Hawaii

STROM THURMOND, South Carolina
MARLOW W. COOK, Kentucky

(II)

WITNESSES

AFL-CIO, Department of Legislation, Washington, D.C.
American Civil Liberties Union, Washington, D.C.

American Farm Bureau Federation, Washington, D.C.

Americans for Democratic Action, Washington, D.C.

American Jewish Congress, New York, N.Y.

Ashman, Dr. Charles, director, School of Public Affairs, University of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif.

Bailey, Dr. Lloyd, presidential elector from North Carolina.

Baker, Hon. Howard H., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of Tennessee.

Bellmon, Hon. Henry, U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma.

Bible, Hon. Alan, U.S. Senator from the State of Nevada.

Biemiller, Mr. Andrew J., director, Department of Legislation, AFL-CIO, accompanied by Mr. Thomas E. Harris, associate general counsel, AFL-CIO, Washington, D.C.

Bingham, Hon. Jonathan B., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of New York.

Burdick, Hon. Quentin, U.S. Senator from the State of North Dakota.

Burlison, Hon. Bill D., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri.

Cordova, Hon. Jorge L., Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, accompanied by Hon. Ron de Lugo, elected representative of the Virgin Islands to Washington, D.C.

Curtis, Hon. Carl T., U.S. Senator from the State of Nebraska.

Dominick, Hon. Peter H., U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado.

Ervin, Hon. Samuel J., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of North Carolina.

Fleming, Mr. Roger, secretary-treasurer and director, Washington Office of the American Farm Bureau Federation, accompanied by Mr. Fred Poole and Mr. Kit Haynes, counsel, Washington, D.C.

Goldwater, Hon. Barry, U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona.

Goodell, Hon. Charles E., U.S. Senator from the State of New York.
Holland, Hon. Spessard I., U.S. Senator from the State of Florida.
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, Washington, D.C.

Jewell, Prof. Malcolm, political science department, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Ky.

Kirby, Prof. James C., Jr., profesor of law, New York University, accompanied by John A. Gosnell, secretary and general counsel, National Small Business Association, Washington, D.C.

Kleindienst, Hon. Richard G., Deputy Attorney General of the United States. Lance, Hon. Wesley, New Jersey State senator and president of the 1968 New Jersey Electoral College, Trenton, N.J.

Let Us Vote (LUV), Washington, D.C.

Lowenstein, Hon. Allard K., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of New York.

Mundt, Hon. Karl E., U.S. Senator from the State of South Dakota.

Muskie, Hon. Edmund, U.S. Senator from the State of Maine.

National Cotton Council, Washington, D.C.

National Small Business Association, Washington, D.C.

O'Hara, Hon. James G., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan.

Penniman, Prof. Howard, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.

Rankin, Miss Jeanette, a former Representative in Congress from the State of Montana.

Scammon, Mr. Richard, director, Elections Research Center, Washington, D.C. Schweiker, Hon. Richard S., U.S. Senator from the State of Pennsylvania.

Shal, Dr. Otis H., dean, Graduate School, University of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif.

Shoemaker, Prof. Robert, North Central College, Naperville, Ill.

Shull, Mr. Leon, national representative, Americans for Democratic Action, accompanied by Verlin Nelson, legal representative, Americans for Democratic Action, Washington, D.C.

Sorensen, Mr. Theodore C., former special counsel to President Kennedy, New
York, N.Y.

Speiser, Mr. Lawrance, American Civil Liberties Union, Washington, D.C.
Tyler, Mr. Gus, assistant president of the International Ladies' Garment Work-
ers' Union, accompanied by David I. Wells, Washington, D.C.
Warren, Mr. Dennis, national chairman, LUV, Washington, D.C.

Wekselman, Mr. I. Martin, American Jewish Congress, New York, N.Y.

Wylie, Hon. Chalmers, a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of Ohio. Yarborough, Hon. Ralph, U.S. Senator from the State of Texas.

Young, Mr. J. Banks, Washington representative, National Cotton Council, accompanied by Albert R. Russell, administrative vice president, National Cotton Council, Washington, D.C.

STATEMENTS

Alliance for Democratic Reform, Montgomery County, Md.

American Bar Association, Washington, D.C.

American Good Government Society, Inc., Washington, D.C.

Association of the Bar of the City of New York, N.Y.

Banzhaf, Mr. John F., associate professor of law, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

Barthlemes, Mr. Wes, Alliance for Democratic Reform, Montgomery County, Md.

Bayh, Hon. Birch, U.S. Senator from the State of Indiana.

Bennett, Hon. Charles E., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of Florida.

B'nai B'rith Women, Washington, D.C.

Brown, Mr. Arline J., The Arline J. Brown Information Center, Fort Belvoir, Va. Bullen, Mr. George S., legislative director, National Federation of Independent Business, Washington, D.C.

Busch, Mrs. Ernestine G., El Paso, Tex.

Cannon, Hon. Howard W., U.S. Senator from the State of Nevada.

Carey, Hon. Hugh L., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of New York.

Chamber of Commerce of the United States.

Church, Hon. Frank, U.S. Senator from the State of Idaho.

Committee To Achieve the Enactment and Ratification of the Best Congressional District Plan, Dallas, Tex.

Frooks, Dorothy, attorney at law, New York, N.Y.

General Federation of Women's Clubs, Washington, D.C.

Gossett, Mr. William T., president, American Bar Association, Washington, D.C. Hornstein, Mr. Abraham, New York, N.Y.

Horton, Hon. Frank, a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of New York.

Hruska, Hon. Roman, U.S. Senator from the State of Nebraska.

Hunt, Mr. H. L., chairman, Committee To Achieve the Enactment and Ratification of the Best Congressional District, Dallas, Tex.

Jaffe, Mr. Michael D., general counsel, Liberty Lobby, Washington, D.C.

Jones, Sara Roddis.

Kleppe, Hon. Thomas, a U.S. Representative in Congress from the State of North Dakota.

Liberty Lobby, Washington, D.C.

Mann, Mr. Irwin, New York, N.Y.

Miller, Hon. Jack, U.S. Senator from the State of Iowa.

Moss, Hon. Frank, U.S. Senator from the State of Utah.

Muskie, Hon. Edmund, U.S. Senator from the State of Maine.

Nalbantyan, Barbara, Nashville, Tenn.

Natapoff, Dr. Alan, professor of physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. National Federation of Independent Business, Washington, D.C.

Pearson, Mr. Warren, history instructor, Santa Maria International Academy, Santa Maria, Calif.

Presidential Message on Electoral Reform.

Skau, Prof. George H., chairman, Department of History and Political Science, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

Thomas, Mr. David N., associate professor of history, Oglethorpe College, Atlanta, Ga.

Williams, Mr. J. Harvie, executive secretary, American Good Government Society, Inc., Washington, D.C.

Won Pat, Hon. Antionio B., Guam's Representative to Washington, D.C.

COMMUNICATIONS

Albaugh, Mr. William A., Mount Rainier, Md., by letter to Chairman Birch Bayh, January 27, 1969.

American Federation of Teachers, Washington Teachers Union, Local No. 6, Washington, D.C.

Burress, Mrs. Lee A., Jr., Washington, D.C., by letter to Chairman Birch Bayh, March 19, 1969.

Colon, Hon. Rafael Hernandez, President of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, by telegram received May 6, 1969.

DiFalco, Hon. Anthony G., assemblyman, New York, resolution of the New York State Assembly, introduced February 3, 1969, and received by letter to Chairman Birch Bayh, February 11, 1969.

Goodloe, Mr. Don B., legislative representative, Washington Teachers Union, Local No. 6, American Federation of Teachers, by letter to Chairman Birch Bayh.

Jacobs, Mr. Martin A., assistant professor of mathematics, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, N.J., by letter to Chairman Birch Bayh, April 24, 1969. Marin. Mr. Luis Munoz, Central Council, Popular Democratic Party, San Juan, Puerto Rico, by telegram received May 6, 1969.

Mora, Dr. Luis Izquierdo, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico, by telegram received May 6, 1969; and a copy of a letter written to Dr. Mora by Chairman Birch Bayh, May 6, 1969.

National Grange, Washington, D.C.

Rios, Mr. Juan J. Cancel, presidential delegate, Popular Democratic Party, San Juan, Puerto Rico, by telegram received May 6, 1969.

Scott, Mr. John W., Master, National Grange, Washington, D.C., by letters from Hon. Quentin N. Burdick, U.S. Senator from North Dakota, and Hon. Sam J. Ervin, Jr., U.S. Senator from North Carolina.

Smith, Mr. Laurence C., chairman, United States Constitutional Council, Squires, Mo.. by letter to Chairman Birch Bayh, April 15, 1969.

U.S. Constitutional Council, Squires, Mo.

WITNESSES BY DATES

January 23, 1969

Dominick, Hon. Peter H., U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado.
Baker, Hon. Howard H., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of Tennessee.

January 24, 1969

Ervin, Hon. Samuel J., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of North Carolina. Bailey, Dr. Lloyd, presidential elector from North Carolina.

Sorensen, Mr. Theodore C., former special counsel to President Kennedy.

Ashman, Dr. Charles, director, School of Public Affairs, University of the Pacific.
Shal, Dr. Otis H., dean, Graduate School, University of the Pacific.
Warren, Mr. Dennis, national chairman, LUV.

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