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extinguished, though it were at the price of his own blood.*. When he fell down in the pulpit, he was carried to his lodgings and laid upon his bed, where he languished about a twelvemonth. During his long illness, multitudes of persons resorted to him, who witnessed his exemplary faith and patience. In the civil wars, he had been driven from his curacy and the people of his charge, at Newbury, and deprived of all his property by the royal forces; so that, in the time of his sickness, when certain persons were deputed from the assembly to visit him, they reported," that he was very sick, and in great straits." The parliament, having taken his case into consideration, passed an order, December 4, 1645, for one hundred pounds to be given him out of the public treasury.+ Nearly the last words that Dr. Twisse uttered, were, "I shall at length have leisure enough to follow my studies to all eternity;" and died July 20, 1646, aged seventy-one years. The whole house of commons, and the assembly of divines, paid their last respects to his memory by following, in one sorrowful procession, his mortal remains to the grave; when Dr. Robert Harris preached his funeral sermon from Joshua, i. 2., Moses my servant is dead. He was buried in Westminster abbey, where his body quietly rested till the restoration, when the humane, the liberal, and the enlightened Charles ordered his bones to be dug up, together with the bodies of many other persons, eminent in church and state, and thrown into a pit digged on purpose in St. Margaret's church-yard.

* Clark's Lives, p. 17.

The

+ Whitlocke's Mem. p. 189.

One of those illustrious persons, whose body suffered this shameful indignity, was the valiant Admiral Blake, whose name was a terror to the enemies of Britain; who raised the naval reputation of his country to a higher pitch than any of his predecessors, and whose services to the English nation will be a monument of his renown as durable as time. The following is a list of some of the persons to whose bodies this malevolence was offered, on the 12th and 14th of September, 1661. Others would probably have shared the same fate; but the thing was so indecent, and drew so general an odium on the government, that a stop was put to any further proceedings:

Elizabeth Cromwell, mother of

Oliver, lord protector,
Elizabeth Claypole, her daughter,
Robert Blake, admiral,
John Pym, esq. M. P.
Dr. Isaac Dorislaus,

Sir William Constable, colonel,
Edward Popham, admiral,

Richard Dean, admiral,

William Stroud, esq. M. P.
Humphrey Mackworth, colonel,
Dennis Bond, esq.

Thomas May, esq. the historian,
John Mildrum, colonel,
Colonel Boscawen,

Doctor William Twisse, prolocutor,
Stephen Marshall, presby. divine,
William Strong, indepen. divine.

Granger's Biog. Hist. vol. iii. p. 80.—Wood's Athenæ Oxon. vol, i,

P. 826.

refined barbarity and contemptible meanness of these proceedings, might have been expected amongst untutored savages, rather than from a monarch bred up in all the refinements of the English court.

66

Though Dr. Twisse died in necessitous circumstances, the parliament, after his death, voted a thousand pounds to be given to his children, out of the public treasury ;* but, on account of the national confusions, it is doubtful whether it was ever paid. Mr. Clark says, " he was much admired for his great learning, subtle wit, exact judgment, great integrity, pleasing behaviour, and his exemplary modesty, piety, humility and self-denial.”+ Fuller denominates him, a divine of great abilities, learning, piety, and moderation.‡ Wood says, "his plain preaching was esteemed good; his solid disputations were accounted better; but his pious life was reckoned best of all." The most learned of his adversaries confessed that there was nothing extant more accurate and full upon the Arminian controversy, than what is con'tained in his works. All writers against Arminianism have made honourable mention of his works, and have acknowledged him to have been the mightiest man in those controversies that the age produced. He was succeeded at Newbury by Mr. Benjamin Woodbridge, who was afterwards ejected in 1662.||

His WORKS.-1. A Discovery of Dr. Jackson's Vanities, 1631.2. Vindicia Gratiæ, Potestatis et Providentiæ Dei, 1632.-3. Dissertatio Scientiâ Mediâ tribus libris absolutâ, 1639.-4. Dissertiones, 1639.-5. Of the Morality of the Fourth Commandment, 1641.— 6. A Treatise of Reprobation, in Answer to Mr. John Cotton, 1646.— 7. Animadvertiones ad Jacobi Arminii Collat. cum Frank. Junio et Joh. Arnold Corvin, 1649.-8. De Predestinatione et Gratia, 1649.— 9. The Doubting Conscience Resolved, 1652.-10. The Riches of God's Love unto the Vessels of Mercy, consistent with his absolute hatred or reprobation of the Vessels of Wrath, 1653.-11. Two Tracts in Answer to Dr. H. (Hammond) 1653.-12. The Synod of Dort and Ares reduced to Practice, with an Answer.-13. The Scriptures Sufficiency to determine all matters of Faith.-14. The Christian Sabbath defended against the crying Evil of these Times of the Antisabbatarians of our Age.-15. Fifteen Letters, published in Mede's Works. He also left numerous manuscripts behind him.

Whitlocke's Mem. p. 321.
Fuller's Worthies, part i. p. 96.
Wood's Athenæ Oxon, vol. ii. p. 40, 41.
Palmer's Noncon. Mem. vol. i. p. 290.

+ Clark's Lives, p. 13, 14, 18.

VOL. III

JEREMIAH BURROUGHS, A. M.-This very amiable divine was born in the year 1599, and educated at Cambridge, but was obliged to quit the university, and afterwards the kingdom, on account of nonconformity. After he had finished his studies at the university, he entered upon the ministerial work, and was chosen colleague to Mr. Edmund Calamy at Bury St. Edmunds. In the year 1631, he became rector of Titshall, in the county of Norfolk; but upon the publication of Bishop Wren's articles and injunctions, in 1636, he was suspended and deprived of his living. He sheltered himself for some time under the hospitable roof of the Earl of Warwick; but, on account of the intolerant and oppressive proceedings of the ecclesiastical rulers, the noble earl at length found it was impossible to protect him any longer; and shortly after, to escape the fire of persecution, he fled to Holland, and settled at Rotterdam, where he was chosen teacher to the congregational church, of which Mr. William Bridge was pastor. After his suspension, he is charged with attempting to bribe the bishop's chancellor, by an offer of forty pounds; and going beyond seas, and returning disguised in a soldier's habit, with many libellous pamphlets, when, it is said, the sentence of deprivation was pronounced against him for nonresidence. Of this circumstance, however, Mr. Edwards gives a very different account. He says, "that Mr Burroughs, for some speeches spoken against the Scotch war, in company not to be trusted, for fear fled in all haste to Rotterdam;" at which he very much stumbled. Mr. Burroughs, in his animadversion upon this misrepresentation, observes as follows: "Had Mr. Edwards been willing to have conferred with me about this, as I desired, before he printed, I should have so fully satisfied him about my going out of the kingdom, that he could never have stumbled, nor have caused others to stumble. How does he know there were speeches delivered, for fear of which I fled? It may be there was only an accusation. In his bold assertion there is held forth to the world, at least some indiscretion in me, that I should speak words of a high

*Calamy's Account, vol. ii. p. 5.

+ Blomefield's Hist. of Norfolk, vol. i. p. 138.

This noble person was a great friend and patron of the persecuted puritans, and one of their constant hearers. He was not content with only hearing long sermons in the congregation, but would have them repeated in his own house.-Granger's Biog. Hist. vol. ii. p. 116.

Edwards's Antapologia, p. 18, 19.

Wren's Parentalia, p. 95.
Edwards's Autapologia, p. 16.

nature, in company not to be trusted. I am so fully clear in that business, that I wiped off before my lord of Warwick whatsoever might have seemed indiscretion, not by mine own assertion only, but by the testimony of two gentlemen, being all the company, besides the accuser, who were present while we discoursed of that matter. The truth is, there were no such speeches; there was only some accusation of speeches. What man can free himself from accusation?" This ungenerous accuser afterwards recanted, and expressed his great sorrow for having aspersed the character of our pious and worthy divine.*

Mr. Burroughs replies to the charge that he fled in all haste to Rotterdam, by saying, "It was four or five months after this accusation before I went to Rotterdam. Had not the prelatical faction been incensed against me, for standing out against their superstitions, I should have ventured to have stood to what I had spoken, for all I said was by way of query, affirming nothing. I knew how dangerous the times then were. I knew what the power of the prelatical party at that time was, who were extremely incensed against me. A man's innocency, then, could not be his safety. A mere accusation was enough then, to cause me to provide for my security. I was, by Bishop Wren, deprived of my living in Norfolk, in which, I believe, I endured as great a brunt as almost any of those who stayed in England; though Mr. Edwards is pleased to say, we fled that we might be safe upon the shore, while our brethren were at sea in the storm. I believe neither he, nor scarcely any of our presbyterian brethren, endured a harder storm at sea, than I did before I went out of England. Yet, I bless God, he stirred up noble friends to countenance and encourage me in my sufferings; for which I will not cease to pray that the blessing of God may be upon them and their families. For some months I lived with my lord of Warwick, with whom I found much undeserved love and respect, and was in the midst of as great encouragements to stay in England, as a man deprived, and under the bishop's rage, could expect; when I set myself in as a serious a manner as ever I did in my life, to examine my heart about my staying in England; whether some carnal respects, that countenance I had from divers noble friends, the offers of livings, did not begin to prevail too far with me. My spirit was much troubled with these thoughts, Why do I still linger in England, where I cannot with peace enjoy

Burroughs's Vindication, p. 18, 21. Edit. 1646.

what my soul longs after? Did I not formerly think, that if ever God took me clearly from my people, I would hasten to be where I might be free from such mixtures in God's worship, without wringing my conscience any more? Why do I, therefore, now stay? Am I not under temptation? God knows these were the sad and serious workings of my spirit, and these workings were as strong as ever I felt them in my life.

"While I was thus musing," says Mr. Burroughs, "thus troubled in my spirit, and lifting up my heart to God to help me, and set me at liberty, leaning upon my chamber window, I spied a man, in a citizen's habit, coming in the court-yard towards my chamber; and upon his coming near, I knew him to be formerly a citizen of Norwich, but, at that time, one of the church at Rotterdam. When this man came near to me, he told me that he came lately from Rotterdam; and that he was sent there by the church to give me a call to join with Mr. Bridge in the work of the Lord, in that church. When I heard him say this, I stood awhile amazed at the providence of God; that, at such a time, a messenger should be sent to me upon such an errand. My heart, God knows, exceedingly rejoiced in this call. I presently y told the man I saw God much in it, and dared not in the least to gainsay it. My heart did much close with it; yet I desired to see the hand of God a little further. Í required him to return my answer to the church, with a desire, that, as most of them knew me, they should give me their call under their own hands; then there would be nothing wanting, but I should be theirs; and thus we parted."*

Mr. Burroughs, having vindicated his own character against the aspersions of his adversaries, further observes, that, "after this I hoped all would blow over, when my lord of Warwick, falling sick in London, sent for me, and I came up to him and continued with him about three weeks, going freely up and down the city. My lord knew all the business, and made no question but all was over. Being now, as I hoped, set free from my accuser, the messenger from Rotterdam came to me again, with an answer to what I had desired, shewing me how the church there had assembled, and had sent a call to me in writing, under the hands of the elders, with many other hands, in the name of the church; on which we agreed upon the day when, and the place

* Burroughs's Vindication, p. 18-21.

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