Rules of Land Warfare

National Red Cross of America-Continued.
Personnel, recruiting in neutral territory.
Recognized by statutes of United States.
Subject to military laws and regulations.
Volunteer aid societies.

War and Navy Departments may communicate with.
Nationals of belligerents may leave neutral territory.

neutral states are neutrals..

398
n(135)
n(133), G. C., 10

133, 137, 139, G. C., 10, 11, 12

n(133)

399, 401n, H. V, 6
425, H. V, 16

Naval forces, bombardment by, in time of war. 3(h), n(212), H. IX; app. 5, p. 174

warfare, right of capture in.

Necessity, military. (See Military necessity.)

Neutral, forfeiture of rights of.

persons, rights and duties of.
powers, rights and duties of.

3(j), H. XI; app. 6, p. 177

Neutrality (see Neutrals and neutral states) definition of

failure to prevent violations of, effect.
law of United States concerning..
proclamation of, should be issued..
violations of may be resisted by force..

Neutrals, definition of..

railway material of belligerent, retention by

429-430, H. V, 17, 18
3(g), H. V; app. 3, p. 165
3(g), H. V

Neutral States aware, state of war, must take cognizance of..

388

394n

n(397), n(402), n(404)
404n, H. V, 10
392

425, H. V, 16

428
426n

426

431n

389, H. III, 2

belligerents may purchase supplies from companies, etc., of... 403

forbidden to move troops, etc., across
can impose terms before receiving belligerent troops.

404, 405n, H. V,7
391, H. V, 2
411,
413n, 414, 415; H. V,11
425, H. V,,6

citizens of.
commercial transactions with belligerents, prohibited.
by companies of, not forbidden.

convoy of evacuation, consent of other belligerents not required 420n
medical personnel of..
obligations, etc., concerning, by.

correspondence of diplomats, etc., of, in belligerent territory. 224n,

diplomatic agents, etc., of, treatment of.
duty of, concerning belligerent forces crossing frontier.

failure to prevent violations neutrality, effect of..
force may be used by, to resist violations of neutrality.. 392, H. V, 10
frontier may be patrolled by

394n

393n
hostile expeditions must not be fitted out in territory of.... 396,

404n2, H. V, 4

399,400n, H. V,6

individuals not forbidden to cross frontier of, to assist belliger-
ents..
interned sick and wounded, Geneva Convention applies to.. 423,

troops, arms, etc., disposition of..
maintenance of, rule governing.
medical personnel of..

prisoners of war brought with.
treatment of, by.....

internment by, of belligerent forces (see under

Neutral States, munitions, etc., convoying, or shipping through

nationals of belligerents in territory of..

acts by forfeiting rights as neutrals.

not forfeiting rights as neutrals.....

are neutrals..

nationals of, in belligerent territory, treatment of..

428

jurisdiction over.

389n, H. III, 2

notification state of war to be sent to..

402n

telegraph may be used for... 389, H. III, 2
officers, active, not permitted to join belligerents..
interned may be paroled by..

retired...

prisoners of war, escaped, received by.
proclamation of neutrality should be issued by
public complaints sent through.

recruiting agencies of belligerents in territory of,

411, 414n, H. V, 11

n(402)
417, H. V, 13
404 n3

365

396,

prohibited.
397n, 400n, H. V, 4
voluntary aid societies not prohibited... 137,
398, G. C., 11

railway matériel of belligerent, retention by...... 431 n2, H. V, 19
right to requisition by belligerents..

431n

2, 3, H. V, 19
compensation for, requisitioned..... 431, H. V, 19

sick and wounded entering territory of..

n(417),

418, 421, 422, 423, H. V, 14, 15
406,

405n

subjects of. (See Nationals, supra.)
submarine cables in territory of, use of by belligerents..
407, 408, 409n, 410, H. V, 3, 5, 8, 9
supplies may be sold to belligerents by companies of.
shipment of, to belligerents from territory of.. 403, H. V, 7
must not be furnished by, to belligerents...
telegraph, etc., lines in, use of, for belligerents' dispatches.. 406-410,
H. V, 3, 5, 8, 9
390n, H. V, 1

404n

territory inviolable.
violation of neutrality of, on territory of, punishable by. 410, H. V, 5
wireless apparatus, on territory of, use of, by belligerents.. 406-410,

Neutral zone in armistice
News, appliances for, rule as to seizure of..

censorship.

H. V, 3, 5, 8, 9
270(c) n3
406-410,

341, 342-344, H. V, 3, 5, 8, 9, H. R., 53

Newspaper correspondents, contractors, etc., status of..

pass for, form..

Nomcombatants leaving besieged place may be sent back.
may form part of armed forces..
Noncommissioned officers or privates, how paroled

Obstruction of channels of communication, etc..
Occupation, military. (See Occupied territory.)
Occupied territory

305

administration of, by what agency exercised..

285,
295n, H. R., 42, 43
administrator, etc., of real property of enemy state. 355, H. R., 55
allegiance, oath of, forbidden to require, of inhabitants... 313,
H. R., 45
assessment of taxes by occupant....... 307-311, H. R.. 48, 49, 51
authority over, vested in whom...... n(295), 296, 298, H. R., 43
censorship, press, and correspondence..

305

204

citizen or subject of, communicating with enemy.
collection of taxes by occupant, rule for 307, 309, 352, H. R., 48, 51
commercial relations, regulation of (see H. R. 23).... 303n, 304n

42225°-14--14

Occupied territory, communicating with enemy by inhabitants of.......

n(201)

202, 203, 204

conquest and military occupation compared..
contributions and requisitions may be levied by occu-

pant..

control of..

289n

338n, 346, 351,352, H. R., 49, 51, 52

courts, local, jurisdiction.

courts of law, rights of action in.

crimes committed in, jurisdiction over...... 296, 299n, H. R., 43
debts of one belligerent to another, rule regarding.
devastation, etc., justified by military necessity.
disbursement of taxes by occupant..

287,288, H. R.. 43

299n

303n, H. R., 23

n(303)

n(332)
n(309)
307,

H. R., 48

n(355)

307-310,351, H. R., 48, 49

dues, taxes, and tolls imposed for benefit of the State..

enemy's property, classification and use of..
extent of..
family honor, and rights, lives of persons, etc., to be re-

spected...

285, 291n, H. R., 42

religion, etc., United States rule..

foreign residents in, obligations of..

314n, H. R., 46

315

202

legality of, how determined..

governmental functions in, effect of occupation on.

guides, impressment of.. 187, 189, 321, 322n, 323n, H. R., 23, 24, 44
inhabitants can not be forced to give information of own

services which may be demanded of.. 317,318,

invasion and military occupation compared..
labor, may be requisitioned to restore public works..
not be requisitioned to construct forts..

laws, created by occupant..

suspended, made known to inhabitants.

limitations on control of occupant over real property

enemy..

means of transportation, public and private, seizure, etc.. 306,

341, H. R., 53
295, 296, H. R., 43
302n

military government of, necessity for...
military necessity, affects, administration of...

destruction, etc., of State property. 357,
n(355), H. R., 23
285, H. R., 42
286n, 293
326

Occupied territory, newspapers, censorship over..

305, 341, H. R., 53
circulation of, may be regulated. 305, 341, H. R., 53
publication regulated or prohibited, etc.... 305,

seizure of.

H. R., 53

H. R., 45

oath of allegiance, may not be required of inhabitants. 313,

324n
n(313)
312, 316

oath, officials may be required to take..
oath of neutrality required by British, etc..
obedience, obligation of inhabitants.
obligations of inhabitants summarized by Japanese.... n(302)
obligations, reciprocal of occupants and inhabitants. 313n,
314n, 316, H. R., 23, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47
occupant, obligation to defray expenses of administration. 307-

obligations of.
powers of.....

}

occupants may demand and enforce obedience of inhabi-
tants..

310, H. R., 48
296, H. R., 43

298n

296, 312, H. R., 43

291

293, 294
291n

occupation, consent of inhabitants not necessary to estab-

lish.

duration of..

invested fort not bar to..

must be effective....

290

proclamation not necessary to establish... 292, 293n
proclamation of, convenience of, and practice
concerning.

question of fact and temporary condition...

officials, oath may be required of..

property, State, destruction, etc., of... n(355), 357, H. R., 23, 55
susceptible military use, seizure, etc... 341, H. R., 53

public utilities may be requisitioned.

taxes, dues, and tolls, certain, assessment, collection and
disbursement.

imposed for benefit of the State, collection,

taxes, etc., "for the benefit of the State," include what..
taxes, new, not to be levied by occupant (but see H. R., 49)
telegraphic and postal correspondence, censorship.
uprising in not levee en massé..

violation of laws of war.

Officers, active, army of neutral powers not permitted to join belligerents.
commercial transaction by, in hostile country.

311

Opening of hostilities (see Commencement of hostilities).

Parlementaire, abusing privileges.

accompanied by whom.
authority for, in writing..
belligerents, action by, in case of enemy's...
communication between, by.
method of reception of enemy's.
must cease firing, after sending

communication between belligerents by..

definition of.

detention of, causes for

escort of

firing on.