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was apprehended the heat would enlarge both their size and numbers. They had only attacked the grass, but the corn was expected to fall next a prey to their rapacity.

La Fayette. In page 317 of the present volume, is a note of the illustrious Fayette to the attorney general, requesting that a prosecution may not be instituted on account of certain libels said to have been published against him. A Paris paper noticing that request, royally says-M. Bellart, the attorney-general, having seen the rhodomontading letter directed to him by the marquis de la Fayette, has sent an answer, in which he informs the sturdy republican, that the prosecution against the libeller had been undertaken, not on his account merely, but for the interest of society, which requires that libels should be punished. The letter concludes. with a well merited sneer at the superabundant sensibility of the marquis. "The generosity of the marquis de la Fayette need not then be alarmed by an action over which he has no power, and in which the public administration counts private interest as nothing." He is

ITALY.

A Paris paper says-A woman of Verdi, in Italy, was delivered of 5 male children, 2 of them are dead, but 3 of them are still living. In the time of Adrian, a woman of Alexandria was delivered also of 5 sons, all of whom lived to a good age.

NOVA SCOTIA.

A Halifax paper of the 21st ult. says that by the packet just arrived, orders had been received "for the immediate discharge of almost every person employed in his majesty's navy yard and hospital. Those establishments are no longer to be kept up. The ships of war on this station are in future to receive at Bermuda whatever repairs they may require."

SOUTH AMERICA.

The government of Chili has instructed lord Cochrane to leave Payta or some other port of his selection, open for the whale ships to procure their necessary supplies.

The British merchants in Chili, were much dissatisfied with the blockade, and in particular because no time had been allowed them to take away their property-and they intend to make a remon strance about it to their government.

"Lord Cochrane is represented as hostile to the American interest, and encouraging desertion of their seamen, while his conduct in that respect to the British is said to be different.

"The Macedonian, captain Downes, sailed from Valparaiso on the 25th of May for the gulf of California.

"News has been received at Valparaiso of the American brig Cossack having been forcibly taken possession of in 1818, by the commandant at Marelian, the cargo disposed of and the captain and crew kept in captivity. It was supposed captain Downs would reclaim those persons and the property thus wantonly plundered, and punish the perpetrators.

"Before sailing, the government of Chili requested of captain Downes that he would not proceed to Lima, if he could for the present suspend it, consistent with orders from his government, and it was supposed he would comply with their wishes.

Constitution of the united provinces of Rio de la Plata. The following sketches of the new constitution, proclaimed on the 25th of May last, in the absence of the entire instrument, may be acceptable to all who are pleased to observe the march of this new people to a regularly organized and independent government. The outlines boldly strike for freedom,

"The legislative power is invested in a national congress, to be composed of two houses-a house of representatives and a senate. The house of representatives to be composed of deputies sent by the states, and each state is to elect a deputy for every 20,000 inhabitants.

We do not much like to give articles of news from Venezuela-both parties tell the most abominable falsehoods with the gravity of Castillians, and we know not what to believe: but it seems that gen. "None will be admitted to be a deputy if he has Marino lately defeated the royalists under col. Cor-not been seven years a citizen, 26 years of age, rea, and killed 1000 of them, besides the wound-owning property to the amount of 4000 dollars, or ed and prisoners. The battle took place at Chap- exercising an useful profession. paco, in Barcelona.

"The functions of a deputy will last 4 years. The A letter from St. Barts, gives news via St. Eusta- house of representatives only has the initiative in all tius, that Brion had lately touched at the latter in questions of taxes; has the power of accusing the a late English frigate of 32 guns (his flag ship) members of the three great bodies, the ministers of 9 brigs, 11 schooners and a number of gun boats; state, the ambassadors, the bishops, the generals, reported to have on board 2500 English, Irish and governors, and supreme judges, for all crimes of Scotch,500 German, 350 Indian troops, all in fine or treason, mismanagement of the public money, vioder, supposed to be destined to attack Laguira. Alation of the constitution, &c. The senators will be subsequent report states that the troops amounted to only 1100 men, and that they had attacked and captured Barcelona.

Com. Joley and gen. Arismendi are said to be under arrest, for conspiracy-the belief is given out that they will be shot.

named by the provinces, and each province will have an equal number of senators. None will be admitted to be a senator if he be not 30 years of age, has not been a citizen nine years, if he be not owner of some property to the amount of 8000 dollars, or does not exercise a profession commanding respect.

"The functions of the congress to make laws, to declare war, make peace, establish duties, to decree taxes to be levied equally all over the union for a time not to exceed two years.

Many prizes have recently been sent into Margaretta-chiefly captured under the flag of Artigas. A privateering vessel, under many names, carry. ing the flag of Artigas and others, commanded by a villain named Alvara, among acts of supreme ras- "The supreme executive power of the nation cality, lately captured a Portuguese brig mounting will be invested in the person of a director. None 6 12 pounders, with a crew of 12 men and fifteen will be elected director if he does not enjoy the passengers, the latter chiefly women. After a varie-rights of a citizen, be not a citizen born, has not ty of usage disgraceful to the human character, been a resident for six years before his election, they forced the men and the passengers into an open and if he be not 35 years of age. The director is beat, and then set them adrift on the wide ocean the supreme chief of all the land and sea forces. with a very small stock of provisions, and at a moment zefore siemendous gale came on, which it was evident was approaching!

"The nation has the right of amending the con stitution, taking care to observe the constitutional forms. All men are equal before the law. The

press is free. Private actions, when injuring nobody, but a plantation, or piece of woods, sold as high as are subject only to the tribunal of God. Every one $5,025; and 184 lots, the number sold, brought nay do all that is not prohibited by the laws, and upwards, of an hundred and twenty thousand dalmay dispense with all that the laws do not require. lars. The dwelling of a citizen is a sacred asylum, not to be violated without crime, &c."

Gen San Martin is reported to have collected 10,000 men, near St. Jago, to act against Upper Peru. He was expected at Buenos Ayres.

CHRONICLE.

The president of the United States arrived at Washington city or Sunday morning last. The seoretary of the navy has also returned to the seat of government.

The Danish sloop of war Diana, of 20 guns and 130 men, arrived New-York, August 5th, in 15 days from

St. Thomas.

The rot is said to be making sad work among the cotton, in different parts of the southern states. Hot weather. The thermometer at Salem, Mass. stood as follows-on the 29th July at 92; on the 30th, 95; on the 31st 99; on the 1st of Aug. at 101!!! on the 2nd, at 93. So much heat was never before noticed in the country.

Lightning. There has been we believe, an unusu al descent of the electric fluid, this season, in the U. States. The following notice shews a wonderful escape from the effects of it-In a late thunder storm at Salem, Mass. a shoe was ripped from the foot of a woman, by lightning and completely destroyed, without doing any injury to her person.

Murder. The body of a man with the head, arms and one leg recently cut off, with some sharp instrument, and stabbed in the right breast apparently with a sword, floated ashore at Shrewsbury, N. J, on the 5th inst. The Jury thought he had not been killed more than 48 hours, some thought not more than 24. A brig that seemed full of men, was off the shore two days previous.

The whale fishery. It is said that 60 American ships are now in the Pacific engaged in the whale fishery. The U. S. frigate Macedonian will be of essential service to them.

Frauds in tobacco. The inspector of tobacco at New Orleans, has found 11hhds of tobacco with heads so thick that those of one hid. weighed 194 Ibs. He has very properly published the names of the persons who put it up.

Barge navigation. Col. Atkinson has fitted wheels to the barges that are conveying the soldiers up the Missouri, to be worked by the men. It answers much better than oars to propel the boats against the current, and promises to be highly advantageous in the navigation of falling streams.

Hoiston river, Tennessee. A number of hands are how employed to remove the obstructions to the boat navigation of this river.

From the Boston Gazette. "A gentleman on his return from the western country, informs us, that while passing through Tennessee, he met a travel Ling house, drawn by six horses, two stories high, and containing three families, of 29 persons in the whole. They reported themselves from the district of Maine, bound to Alabama, where they intended to inhabit the same."

Maine. The majority in favor of separation is supposed to be about ten thousand--only 1,500 were required. So the act will take place.

Alabama.-At the late sale of town lots in the town of Cahaba, (the spot selected for the seat of government of the future state of Alabama) some of the lots, unimproved of course, as the place is yet

The Chocktaws. An arrangement is now making with this tribe of Indians for the cession of a large tract of country in exchange for lands on the Arkansaw. The Cherokees, it will be recollected, made a similar exchange some time ago. It appears that the lands ceded by the latter have been intruded upon, and that Mr. Meigs, agent for the nation, has given notice that unless such intruders were removed on the 1st of last month, that he should apply to gen. Jackson to drive them off.

TRE TORTOISE. From the Village Record, published at West-Chester, Pa. addressed to the editor—“As tortoises have been noticed in the Record, I send a small statement of one I found a few days ago. It was marked 1744, with the letters P. D. said to have been cut by Philip Dunn. I am told he has been dead fifty years. It was found on the plantation of Enos Williamson, near the line of John Hunter. I was enquiring of Hunter how long he could remember it; he told me for forty years, and I have found it frequently within the last thirteen years.

CANAL TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

MR. EDITOR.-Seeing in your paper of yesterday some observations on the project of a passage to the Pacific ocean by means of a canal across the Isthmus of Darien, brings to the mind a proposition made to the king of Spain, by Sr. Dn. Salvador St. Martin, the bishop of Chiapa, who resides in Ciudad Real, which is the capital of the province.-West of this city, the river Goazacealcos, takes its rise, and running east, empties into the Gulf of Mexico, about thirty leagues east of Vera Cruz; it has ten and twelve feet water on its bar, and is navigable for craft of four or five feet up to the above city. East of the said city, the river (or a stream which empties into the river,) Chimilapa takes its rise, and taking a westerly direction, empties into the Pa cific ocean, at the port of Tahuantipa, which is a good harbor for large ships, and the river is navigable for craft of four or five feet, up to the above city of Ciudad Real; the two rivers passing each other at or near the city in a parallel line, at the distance of only seven miles from each other; neither of them have falls to impede their navigation; and the ground through which a canal would have to be cut to connect the two rivers is neither mountainous nor rocky,

rivers,

I have seen a minute description of the and the countries through which they pass, contain ed in a petition to the king of Spain, begging permission to cut the above canal; it was presented in 1816, and contained the most convincing evidence of the facility with which the two oceans might be connected. The petition met with an utter denial from the king of Spain. Had it been granted, the intention of those concerned was to have steam boats. employed between the two oceans, which would have made a voyage in much less time than it occupies between this and Louisville, and as the mouth of the Gonzacealcos is not more than eight or ten days sail from the mouth of the Mississippi, may we not with propriety hope that Spanish America will soon shake off the European yoke, when she will be at liberty to make improvements for her own benefit without consulting those who have no rule of government but their own jealous fears. Should such a communication be opened between the two oceans, what calculations can realize the future grandeur of New Orleans?

New Orleans paper.

NEW SERIES. NO. 26-VoL. IV.] BALTIMORE, AUGUST 21, 1819. [No. 26—Vol. XVI. WHOLE No.415

THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE,

cate that members of congress, being heavy stockholders in the bank, should again vote on their own case, as some did at the last session.

The article below, headed "Bank of the United of intrigue is going on, and think it not very deli States" will on account of the facts it exhibits, claim a considerable share of the public attention. The editor exceedingly regrets that he is prohibited, and perhaps ought to be, from giving the article in extenso from which these facts are derived; but he presumes that, as to the regulations of the bank and the consequent embarrassments of the treasury, nothing will be denied. They come from the very best source of information.

When this bank was first started, enormously forced dividends of profits was the grand object,that the stockholders who had never paid for their stock might sell it out advantageously: they therefore desired that about forty persons might be authorized to sign its notes, to fill up the circulation of the Common honesty. We have sometimes thought country! But the mighty bubble bursted, and the that we would notice all the counterfeiters and devotees of avarice tumbled pell-mell from the counterfeit bank notes which we observed to be heaven which they thought they had gained,—as mentioned in the newspapers. We cannot right- Milton describes it, that the spirits from the lower fully do it; for a useful notice of such things would world were sent back "to the place from whence they came;"-but in their fall they severely woundoccupy a page or two almost every week, so numerous are the cases that occur, so many are the ed the natimal reputation and exhibited scenes persons engaged in the business. But this we shall of individual misdoings that astonished us all. After this a new administration of the affairs of speedily do-induce the people, if we can, to con sider the directors of a bank as infamous,if, know- the bank took place--a policy directly opposite to ing that counterfeits on their institution are cir- that of the original makers of the bank, was speediculated, they do not come forward and officiallyly adopted and is still persevered in. It now issues put the people on their guard against them, instead none of its own notes. Present pecuniary profit is sa of endeavoring to hush up the matter as hitherto,crificed to concentrate a power to command it here? preferring that honest men should be swindled, rather than that the circulation of their notes should be impeded.

Bank of the United States.

Never did an institution exist that more com

after-to regulate the transactions of individuals
to govern the money matters of the nation-to elect
presidents of the United States and enact laws for the
government of the people, which judges shall declare
to be "constitutional," though known to be so
enacted. Whether these magnificent designs will be
accomplished or not, a little time will determine.
We have not the shadow of a doubt but that they
are aimed at. Few have estimated the moral force
which a command of the circulating medium of a
country confers. It makes the creature greater
than the creator; and it is a creature without feel.
ing or remorse.

"When the searching eye of heav'n is hid Behind the globe, and lights the lower world, Then thieves and robbers range abroad unseen, In murders and in outrage bloody here; But when from under this terrestrial ball, He fires the proud tops of the eastern pines, And darts bis light through ev'ry guilty hole, Then murders, treasons, and detested sins, The cloak of night being pluckt from off their backs, Stand bare and naked, trembling at themselves." King Richard II. Certain facts have just reached me from a source The developements made since the matter was in which I have as much confidence as if the confirst agitated, of the composition and character of the fession were made by the secretary of the treasury to bank of the United States, justifies the application of our motto to its course of proceedings, from the is already in a subservient condition to the bank. me in person, that the treasury of the United States date of its institution to the present day, except In April last, the bank resolved, that it would not reso far as the last line of the abstract may be conceive of GOVERNMENT ITS OWN bills and credit them as strued into a shew of compunction for offences com- CASH, except when tendered at the places at which mitted. The bank being soul-less, cannot feel shame! they were payable;-that it would not pay the TREASUpletely blasted the public expectation, than this bank ic monies had accumulated there to a sufficient amount, RY DRAFTS at any place "REQUIRED," except the pubhas done. Its policy, though founded upon oppo-un'ess upon a NOTICE given to allow the bank time to do site extremes, has been equally mischievous or malevolent. The original purpose of its framers COMMERCIAL PRINCIPLES, &C. TO ALL WHICH was to get money-the object of its present managers is to acquire power. The former was a desperate Every body knows and feels the grand deception of set of speculators-the other is a conclave of tyrants. this institution, as to its pretension to furnish a cirGold was the god that the first worshipped, the culating medium, of an equal and certain value in second gives up all to ambition. Cesur or nothing, all parts of the United States; but things like the is the device inscribed on the entrance of their council chamber. That eight or ten irresponsible and truly contemptible individuals, unknown out of the streets that lead from their counting houses to the bank, may rule and will rule the government of the United States, is to me undoubted-if the strong arm of the people is pot speedily interposed. I say of the people, for I have little faith in the executive or in congress regarding this matter,- unless urged to action by public opinion. I am not about to charge any with corruption-but do know that a great deal'congress, VOL. XVI-23.

THE SECRETARY SUBMITTED!

preceding, in regard to the government, were hard. ly expected by any to happen so soon. Let us see what the charter of the bank says on this subject: The following are the 14th and 15th sections of the act:

"Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That the bills or notes of the said corporation, originally made. payable, or which shall have become payable on demand, shall be receivable in all payments to the United States, unless otherwise directed by act of

"Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That during Well-in two or three days, or two or three the continuance of this act, and whenever required weeks, as the case may be, after the receipt of this by the secretary of the treasury, the said corpora-notice, Mr. Cheves might say to the secretary— tion shall give the necessary facilities for transfer- "Sir-The balance of trade between Boston and ring the public funds from place to place, within the "Chillicothe are greatly in favor of the former. United States or territories thereof, and for distri- "Therefore, on "commercial principles," you canbuting the same in payment of the public creditors," not expect us to pay your draft at Boston on ac. without charging commissions or claiming allowance" count of your deposit at Chillicothe; but having on account of difference of exchange, and shall also consulted the cashier of the branch at Boston, and do and perform the several and respective duties of" being greatly disposed to accommodate the gothe commissioners of loans for the several states, or "vernment,you are at liberty to draw for the $2000, any one or more of them, whenever required by "as desired, three months hence! law."

(Signed,)

L. C."

Are the people prepared to bear this? Are they content to see their government crawling at the feet of this abominable institution? Will they stand still and see a monied aristocracy swallow up the dignity of the constitution, and devour individuals by its tens of thousands?

What a delectable correspondence have we suppoBy the 14th section, the valuable preference is given to the bills of this bank, that they shall be resed! But upon my honor, I solemnly believe it is ceived in all payments to the United States-it follows, nothing more than a fair type of what may happen, that they are paid as cash to the United States; but nay, perhaps of what has really happened:-for according to the preceding regulation of the direc- the fiscal concerns of the government have been tors of the bank, they are not cash to the United exceedingly embarrassed by the regulations of the States, except at the places whereat they are re-bank, and the acquiesence of the secretary of the spectively payable! Thus, a note issued from the treasury to them. I have reason to speak thusoffice at New Orleans may be paid as money for I have in my possession what is conclusive evidence to debts due to the United States at the office in me of the facts that I have insinuated. Portsmouth, N. H. which the secretary of the treasury cannot draw for on Portsmouth, as cash. The office there receives the notes of that at New Orleans as a special deposit, and will pay the draft out of such deposit only. The embarrassments to the people by this lop-sided conduct, have only one remedy-if the secretary continues to succumb and We trust that some member of congress will call thus unjustly to favor the bank: this remedy is, to for the whole correspondence between the presi protest the drafts of the United States, unless paid dent of the bank* and the secretary of the treasury, cash, as has happened at Chillicothe! This will given to the bank, and though the people have on these subjects. Immense advantages have been bring the U. S. in for damages, and we shall see been cheated of their just expectations, it does not whether congress has spirit enough to resist such outrageous proceedings. Half a dozen cases of fokow that the government should be thus managed this kind will fix the business, and determine whe-by the creature which intrigue (I will not say brither the bank is to govern the government, or not; bery in some cases) permitted the creation of. If and certainly half a dozen men dealing with the at the present time, the bank can prescribe condiUnited States, may be found that have independence enough to do what is right.

tions to the secretary of the treasury, what must we expect to be the state of the case very speedily, when the "ways and means" of government will oe By the 15th section, it was perfectly understood much less productive than they are now, and its rethat the bank was to become the agent of the Uni- venue becomes more difficult to collect-as every ted States for transferring the funds of the go-one sees must happen, without some material vernement from one part of the union to another, change in our internal policy to foreign relations? without delay or charge for so doing. Thus, it was supposed, that the secretary of the treasury, having a credit at Chillicothe might draw for it payable at Boston, without further ceremony. But now he seems to be reduced to the necessity of writing a letter like this to the president of the bank at Philadelphia

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Emigration Table.

Amount of foreign emigrants whose arrival in the
ports of the United States was noticed as being
reported in the newspapers received at the office
of the REGISTER, for two weeks, ending yester-
day morning:
From Dundee
in 2 vessels, 36
Halifax, St. John's, &c. 14
Liverpool,

London

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586

137

82

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fact, it appears that a full pauper, in 1789, cost 57 dollars, yearly; in 1797, 64 dollars; in 1807, 65 dollars; in 1817, 90 dollars; in 1818, 96 dollars.

It is worthy of remark, that almost the half of tially assisted, in most cases. Assuming this as a these noticed, (and we put down the particulars of all that we saw reported, to form the preceding summary) have reached the United States, via Nova Scotia and New-Brunswick-there is also a great influx of people through the Caffadas.

The above is certainly short of the real number that arrived-in the absence of the whole facts, it may serve for an estimate. It probably contains about three-fourths or four-fifths of the actual amount.

The editor of an eastern paper, noticing a remark made by us, says "Mr. Niles gives it as his opinion that the emigrations to the United States are not Tess than 400 persons a day-or, 146,000 yearly." .. It is well known that a great part of those who come to us from Europe arrive here in May, June and July. The editor observed that, at a certain period, the present rate of emigration might be about 400 per day; but he never said or supposed that "146,000 arrived yearly." He hardly believes that 20,000 ever arrived in any one year; and the average is much less.

But there must be a great consumption of money in supporting the establishment--the paupers themselves, could not have required such an amount. Still, the facts go strongly to corroborate our calcu lations, which give for the cost of maintaining each individual in the U. States, the sum of seventy-six dollars, per annum. See present volume, page 386.

Anecdote of Gen. Jackson.

A gentleman of undoubted veracity, has communicated the following anecdotes to the editor of the

REGISTER:

When Hillisajo, the famous Indian chief, with his it to be British, and was detained, a kind of stocks companion, came on board our gun-boat supposing were put upon his feet to prevent his escape, his daring and adventurous spirit being well known to The Canadian editors have seized upon an arti-the officer. He looked mournfully upon them, and cle in the REGISTER, headed "want of employment" ing the officer, said, "The prince regent put epauthen putting his hands upon his shoulders, address. -see page 356, to keep the "settlers" who arrive, lets here-you put stocks there," pointing to his from passing into the United States. We frankly feet. confess, that if the present policy of government continues, we do not want an accession of popula-these Indians to be executed; when it was reported It will be recollected, that gen. Jackson ordered tion to our large cities and well peopled districts. to him that they were dead, it was asked, "what shall we do with the bodies-shall they be thrown into the river?" "No"-said the general indig nantly, "they have ceased to be our enemies; let them be buried as decently as our means will adinit of. See that it is done!"

Pauper Statistics,

Mitigation of Slavery-No. 8.

We have taken much pains, at different times, to ascertain the cost of feeding and clothing individuals, with a view to the establishment of certain data of great importance in the study of political economy. A writer in the Aurora-but for purposes different from those to which we wish to apply it, gives the following table respecting the pau-That the present emancipation of slaves in the pers maintained in the city and county of Philadel phia, for 22 years:

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PROPOSITION THE FOURTH.

southern states should not be extensively supported,unless efficient provision is made for separating the free negroes from those who are not--the mixture is fatal to the progress of improvement in both, and at open war with the safety of the persons and property of the white population; and must remain so, until the practices recommended in the second proposition have had operation." It does not appear necessary to say much on this proposition, for the facts that belong to it are selfevident to every person who has resided in those districts of our country in which many freed blacks are mixed with numerous slaves. In Baltimore, especially, we see the mischevious effects of such mixtures at almost every step that we take. The free negroes, in no respect, as to their standing in the opinion of the white people, having pre-eminence over the slaves, are necessarily without the moral force we have spoken of, to elevate their condition. Slaves are their associates, and the state of debasement continues in its fullest strength and vigor. To this is added numerous petty thefts and other crimes to which either party would be less liable, it it were separated from the other. In lis hours of relaxation, the slave seeks the house of the freed negro as an asylum, and in return for it, tco frequently brings with him the property of his mas ter to contribute his share to the feast and frolick. This intercourse leads to many other vicious habits, and whatever of virtuous principles that belonged to either class, are banished by sensualities indulged. Such, indeed, in the present benighted state of his mind, are the chief things which the negro can enjoy; and most of his actions lead to the gratification

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